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National Geographic Among the Wild Chimpanzees
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For centuries there were |
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human monster roaming |
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Even in modern times, |
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the wild chimpanzee- |
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Then, in 1960 a daring |
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set out to sort fiction from truth |
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She had been warned |
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"You'll never get |
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but she was determined to try |
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Her name, Jane Goodall |
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She was 26 years old and |
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Against odds many |
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she gradually earned |
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The picture that has |
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portrait of the animals |
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The similarities to humans are |
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the obvious physical resemblance; |
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the discovery that they hunt and eat meat; |
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the even more profound revelation |
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to make and use tools |
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and in their nonverbal communication |
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perhaps the most uncanny |
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Meticulously documented on |
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Jane Goodall's classic study stretches |
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A compelling chronicle that spans |
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it is the longest study of any wild |
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Unexpectedly one of its recent |
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The usually gentle |
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amiable chimps revealed a dark |
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- puzzling, savage behavior |
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And so the saga goes on - |
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chimpanzees and the dedicated |
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Growing up in Bournemouth, |
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was drawn to the world of animals |
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When her mother gave |
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outraged friends predicted nightmares |
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They could not have been more wrong |
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"Even when I was very tiny I was |
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I think I first began to dream of |
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Dr. Doolittle and Tarzan |
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I was absolutely fascinated with |
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out with the animals |
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Famed anthropologist Louis Leakey |
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to study wild chimpanzees for |
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"I want someone unbiased |
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"Someone with uncommon patience |
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His faith in Jane Goodall would |
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scientific studies of our time |
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Her journey would take Goodall to |
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then known as Tanganyika |
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The remote Gombe Stream Game |
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ten miles of rugged |
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mountainous country along the |
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And so on the 14th of July 1960 |
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a tiny boat her only link |
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"When I arrived at the |
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I felt that at long last my childhood |
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But when I looked at the wild and |
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the chimpanzees lived |
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I knew that my task was not going to be easy." |
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Day-to-day life in this remote |
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The local authorities |
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horrified at the thought of a young |
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at first refused Jane |
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agreeing only when she said she would |
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Aside from her mother |
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Jane would spend the next |
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It was already late afternoon |
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when the tents were pitched and |
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But after 20 years of dreaming |
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Jane was eager to begin |
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Unarmed and untrained she |
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For most, this would be a lonely |
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But for Jane Goodall |
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"During my first days at Gombe I |
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At last I was out in the wild |
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but I had the feeling they were there |
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There were rustles in the undergrowth |
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smells I could not identify." |
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For months |
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the objects of her search invariably |
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Often she couldn't find them at all |
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It was a steep |
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but perhaps, she hoped |
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"I discovered not far from camp |
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that there was a peak overlooking |
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And from this vantage point |
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the daily behavior of the chimps |
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The major advantage of the Peak was |
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sitting up there and gradually |
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Sitting quietly in the same spot |
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always dressed in the same |
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never attempting to |
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the figure on the Peak gradually |
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It would be some time, however |
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Though the chimps now |
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her intent was far from clear |
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Jane had to accept the |
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for the being being at least |
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much of her knowledge would |
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like an abandoned sleeping |
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Jane found the nest was not |
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but a carefully interwoven |
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and a reasoning brain |
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But the intelligent creature |
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Impatient with her slow progress |
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Jane stretched each day to the |
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This would be her first meal |
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It had been another long |
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"As I am not a defeatist |
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to succeed stronger |
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I never had any |
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I should forever have |
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respect if I had given up." |
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And so |
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days that began before dawn |
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And, for as long |
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tomorrow would be the same |
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Even when there were no |
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there was always much to be done |
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Samples of plants the chimps eat |
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would be preserved for |
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There was a new language to learn |
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A makeshift clinic helped cement |
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with the local villagers |
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With camp life settling into |
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Gombe increasingly became |
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Though her staff was growing |
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outsiders till now |
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lest they frighten the chimps |
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But at Louis Leakey's urging |
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she agreed that a permanent film |
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To shield herself |
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she built a blind |
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Hugo van Lawick |
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Primarily funded by the |
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over the coming years he |
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details of chimp behavior |
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They found that chimpanzees |
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traveling in ever changing groups |
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wanderings that can take them |
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They are animals of |
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noisy and excitable one minute |
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To satisfy their hunger on a |
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chimps eat up to |
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Much of their diet is fruit |
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blossoms, seeds, and stems |
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After congregating at a food source |
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several individuals may rest |
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then separate once again |
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The only stable group within the |
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Males take no part |
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Contrary to common belief |
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Mutual grooming does remove flakes |
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but physical contact for its own |
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Not much interested |
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youngsters have better things to do |
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"The chimps very gradually |
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came to realize that |
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I shall never forget the day |
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for the first time |
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a small group allowed me |
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Finally I had been accepted |
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I think it was one |
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and most exciting moments |
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Chimpanzees are as distinct from |
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and Jane gave them names |
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Old Flo, with her bulbous |
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is matriarch of the family |
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At seven weeks, infant Flint is |
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Flo's adolescent son Figan plays |
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Even fully mature Faben often |
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Ever since Flint's birth |
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his sister Fifi has been |
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Repeatedly she tries to |
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The older chimps |
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tend to ignore Flint |
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But Fifi is persistent |
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actually trying to take |
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Though protective of her newborn |
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When she's had enough |
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leaving Fifi looking |
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Another group's arrival is signaled |
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Adult males dominate chimp society |
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their position in the hierarchy |
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In an effort to better his rank the |
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With hair bristling |
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the male makes himself appear larger |
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Intended to intimidate rivals |
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it is usually nothing |
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After displays of aggression |
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who have been frightened or hurt |
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and thus tension is defused |
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One male rose to the |
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by intelligence rather than strength |
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Mike discovered that rolling |
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made a horrifying noise |
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Originally one of the |
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Mike was now number one |
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Close to where they are feeding |
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sleeping nests for the night 30 |
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After choosing a suitable |
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the chimp takes only three to |
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then twigs, to create |
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With creature comforts |
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Jane found increasing pleasures |
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But, as she soon discovered |
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human creature comforts |
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A chimp had wandered into camp |
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and found the supply tent |
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Because he had been to camp |
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she had a prearranged signal |
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"It was thrilling after all this time |
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It was David Greybeard |
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a male I had already come to |
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David's boldness marked |
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After the endless months |
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the chimps |
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following David's lead |
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Gradually |
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and an offer of friendship |
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If she could lure the chimps |
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Jane realized |
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far more consistent than |
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Bananas were the answer |
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The scheme was not without its flaws |
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David Greybeard repeatedly |
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the more powerful Goliath |
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Goliath came to David's defense |
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but the baboon knew |
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and it was David |
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Because of the trust |
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tracking the chimps in the forest |
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She was able to follow and document |
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Flo's infant son, Flint |
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At six months |
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Flint is learning to ride |
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But sometimes he doesn't |
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At around the same age |
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When he stumbles and whimpers |
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Flo is a particularly affectionate |
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tolerant and playful mother |
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and because much maternal |
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she is the role model |
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As Flint grows older |
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Flo permits Fifi to take him |
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Such experiences provide important |
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females mature and |
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About the time Flo |
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Fifi tries to imitate Flo |
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Though unsuccessful |
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the attempt marks an important |
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Mandy is a young female who has |
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Fifi has never seen the baby |
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For the moment at least |
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this is something more |
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As Mandy settles down |
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Fifi comes for a closer look at |
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All youngsters at Gombe |
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but Jane had never seen one |
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A study in concentration |
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Mandy is not worried |
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but when adolescent male Figan |
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Both Fifi and Figan are fascinated |
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Fifi has followed Mandy up a tree |
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Mandy gently fends her off |
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Meanwhile, even Flint is curious |
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But Flo is ready to move on |
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and she lets Flint know |
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Fifi, still engrossed |
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does not notice that they leave |
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When she finally |
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Flo is out of sight |
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At six, Fifi is still quite dependent |
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She has no idea in |
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Normally Flo would come |
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but apparently can't hear her |
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Although chimps seem miserable |
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surprisingly they make little effort |
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Even in a torrential downpour |
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Long committed to observing |
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Jane ignored the rain |
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Searching for the lost Fifi |
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the male Goliath performing |
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Enthralled by the magnificent |
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Jane would later write: |
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such as this primitive man himself |
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Twenty minutes later the rain dance |
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Among Goliath's audience Jane |
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From her tall lookout |
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Strong family ties |
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temporarily broken by the storm |
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The rainy season brings |
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winged termites as they leave |
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For chimp and baboon alike |
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But baboons can only capture |
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as the swarms emerge and fly |
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When they have gone and worker termites |
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have resealed the nest |
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But the chimps not only know |
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hidden below the surface, |
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In defense of their nest |
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and with utmost care |
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As a stem becomes bent |
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the chimp breaks off the end |
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Sometimes a leafy twig is selected |
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but first it must |
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In these actions |
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modifying natural objects |
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the chimp is not only using |
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It seems certain that |
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from generation to generation |
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Flint does not yet know |
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but already he imitates |
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Jane's proof that chimps |
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the scientific world |
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"Tool using always used to be |
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considered a hallmark |
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When Louis Leakey first heard |
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he got extremely excited and said |
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redefine tool or |
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A chimpanzee brain will never |
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nor even imagine a durable |
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But his brain is more similar |
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to our own than is that of |
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And surely it was thus that |
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learning to master |
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in the constant struggle |
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To a thirsty chimp |
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rainwater trapped in the hollow |
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but not easily reached |
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Once again the chimps have learned to |
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Wadded leaves act as a sponge |
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Chewing makes them more absorbent |
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Using the sponge |
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the chimp can get as much as |
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eight times more water |
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Inherently curious, youngsters like |
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and thus the technique |
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Baboons at Gombe outnumber |
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For the most part |
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But the baboon is a competitor for |
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Because he has the intelligence |
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yet another type of tool even a youngster |
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The bluff works but |
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sometimes the aggression |
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A young baboon has been captured |
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and they will feast on its remains |
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Jane's discovery astounded the |
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the chimp is not the gentle |
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but, like humans, |
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Sometimes cooperating to |
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they also kill young antelope |
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bushpigs, and monkeys |
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For the most part chimps eat meat |
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Indeed, a dead animal is |
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With Gombe's growing fame |
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visiting students and scientists |
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One day, as part of a project |
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Jane put out bananas in great quantities |
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The result - |
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desperate begging, |
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Because of the excessive |
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Jane disapproved of such |
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But the episode was not |
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revealing the intricate patterns of |
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and the chimps' intense need for |
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The sounds of the encounter were |
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specializing in chimp vocalization |
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With the passing years |
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Gombe drew students from around |
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biology to communication |
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They came because of Jane |
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of the living laboratory |
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To avoid future aggression |
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Jane devised a system of rationing |
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Now the chimps were fed only if they |
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and then just once in ten days |
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Apparently not happy with |
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the ever-creative chimps |
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The chimps' presence in camp provided |
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not possible in the forest |
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How would they react to |
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All chimpanzees are intensely curious |
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but often afraid of the unfamiliar |
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For the first time, Flint attempts |
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pulling vegetation and stamping |
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Later Jane put out a mirror |
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It was clearly a fascinating mystery |
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In retrospect, |
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her study would continue indefinitely |
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she would not have encouraged |
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For one thing, |
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if they lose their fear, dangerous |
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Indeed, in the future |
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Jane would minimize |
| 00:33:17 |
But for the moment |
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after the long struggle |
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David's silent consent to be |
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In 1966 tragedy strikes |
| 00:33:42 |
An epidemic spreads from |
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and Gombe awakes to |
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"Nothing that has happened at Gombe |
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before or since has been |
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They were among the darkest days |
| 00:34:01 |
The worst tragedy was |
| 00:34:05 |
He lost the use of both his legs |
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and he could only move by pulling |
| 00:34:13 |
The other chimps were frightened |
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by this strangeness and |
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Only his close relative |
| 00:34:32 |
The mother, Olly |
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has lost her month-old infant |
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Though she knows he is not alive |
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she carries his dead body |
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Polio vaccine is flown in |
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but for many it is too late |
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Flo's son, Faben, |
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protects it by walking |
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To get food Mr. McGregor had learned |
| 00:35:17 |
with the strength |
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But he dislocated a shoulder |
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and now can no longer move at all |
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Jane knew she had but one choice |
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Her longtime friend must be shot |
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But 1967 would bring joy |
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Married three years |
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Little Hugo, nicknamed Grub |
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would grown up in a world |
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Spending less time at work |
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Jane modeled her behavior |
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affectionate chimp mothers |
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"Gombe was the ideal place |
| 00:36:18 |
"You could focus on the |
| 00:36:22 |
unity with all living creatures |
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As she watched her own son grow |
| 00:36:37 |
Jane continued to track |
| 00:36:40 |
Flint, who was now four and a half |
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Pregnant with her fifth child |
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Flo was increasing her attempts |
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Typical of youngsters his age |
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he resisted - still trying |
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to ride on Flo despite |
| 00:37:11 |
When denied his way |
| 00:37:12 |
Flint threw violent temper tantrums |
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even hitting and biting his mother |
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"Perhaps because she was |
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Flo often gave in |
| 00:37:32 |
Later, this would have |
| 00:37:41 |
Later that year, the baby was born |
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Still attached to the placenta |
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Flame was just a few hours old |
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Because females give birth only once |
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a newborn always stirs much curiosity |
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Jane wondered what the birth |
| 00:38:22 |
Flint's behavior would be expected |
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but instead he was getting worse |
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"Even after the birth of his sibling |
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when most youngsters become |
| 00:38:34 |
Flint continued to pester |
| 00:38:38 |
And, more often than not |
| 00:38:48 |
Even with Flame at Flo's breast |
| 00:38:50 |
Flint sometimes tried to suckle |
| 00:39:01 |
Six months later while Flo was ill |
| 00:39:05 |
Flame disappeared |
| 00:39:09 |
With no baby to care for now |
| 00:39:11 |
Flo stopped even trying to |
| 00:39:15 |
Jane wondered if he would remain |
| 00:39:21 |
Life expectancy of a wild chimpanzee |
| 00:39:26 |
Flo, now well past 40, |
| 00:39:31 |
spending most of her time |
| 00:39:39 |
"Although I knew that Flo |
| 00:39:42 |
it was still a sad day when I found |
| 00:39:48 |
For me it was like losing |
| 00:39:51 |
For Flint it was like losing |
| 00:40:10 |
Flint stayed by himself close |
| 00:40:15 |
He ate very little |
| 00:40:16 |
He became increasingly lethargic |
| 00:40:20 |
And, finally, |
| 00:40:23 |
he grew sick |
| 00:40:25 |
Three and a half weeks |
| 00:40:28 |
Flint died too." |
| 00:40:48 |
Today the name Jane Goodall is |
| 00:40:53 |
Accomplished author |
| 00:40:57 |
she is sought all over the world |
| 00:40:59 |
A rarity among scientists |
| 00:41:01 |
she has become a celebrity |
| 00:41:04 |
"... he wasn't having it at all |
| 00:41:05 |
He wanted to follow |
| 00:41:08 |
Wherever she goes on |
| 00:41:10 |
eager crowds gather to hear |
| 00:41:14 |
in the lives of the chimps |
| 00:41:16 |
"Any new, particular new developments |
| 00:41:19 |
"Two quite interesting new developments |
| 00:41:23 |
One is concerned with |
| 00:41:26 |
Though she welcomes the opportunity |
| 00:41:29 |
Jane keeps her visits short |
| 00:41:31 |
Gombe is where she most wants to be |
| 00:41:35 |
With her on this trip are her mother |
| 00:41:40 |
and Grub, now 15 |
| 00:41:45 |
Though not even Jane |
| 00:41:48 |
her study would last this long |
| 00:41:49 |
it is 22 years since she first |
| 00:41:57 |
In that time the country has gone |
| 00:42:01 |
Gombe once a game reserve |
| 00:42:06 |
But friendships that span more |
| 00:42:21 |
Today permanent structures have |
| 00:42:25 |
and a staff of ten |
| 00:42:28 |
has been trained to help |
| 00:42:35 |
The men work in teams of two and |
| 00:42:41 |
In recent years they, |
| 00:42:44 |
witnessed a startling turn of events |
| 00:42:47 |
Like Gombe itself, the chimps, |
| 00:42:52 |
"If I'd left, |
| 00:42:55 |
after ten years, we would have |
| 00:42:59 |
of the chimpanzees to that |
| 00:43:02 |
People's idea of the gentle |
| 00:43:05 |
noble savage would have been |
| 00:43:08 |
life of the chimps |
| 00:43:10 |
I started off studying one |
| 00:43:16 |
divided into two and one part of |
| 00:43:22 |
the range that |
| 00:43:24 |
Two years later a series of events |
| 00:43:30 |
horrifying we have seen at Gombe |
| 00:43:32 |
The males of the larger |
| 00:43:35 |
the one's that we are studying today |
| 00:43:37 |
systematically began to hunt down |
| 00:43:41 |
southern community to attack them |
| 00:43:46 |
or in small groups and within |
| 00:43:50 |
of the seven males |
| 00:43:54 |
who had moved to the south |
| 00:44:19 |
"The sequence of events that occurred |
| 00:44:26 |
were really shocking because these attacks |
| 00:44:31 |
They lasted 20 minutes |
| 00:44:32 |
They were gang attacks |
| 00:44:36 |
together attacked one victim |
| 00:44:39 |
The victim was rendered senseless |
| 00:44:43 |
not even trying to fight back |
| 00:44:45 |
And yet they would pound him |
| 00:44:48 |
they would bite him |
| 00:44:50 |
One of them had a broken leg |
| 00:44:52 |
One of them had a great piece of |
| 00:44:55 |
And these were very |
| 00:44:58 |
and I think it's a bit horrifying |
| 00:45:02 |
because we now know how aggressive |
| 00:45:05 |
this makes them even more like humans |
| 00:45:13 |
Only because Jane stayed on at Gombe |
| 00:45:17 |
Only because she remains there |
| 00:45:24 |
While the male gang violence |
| 00:45:28 |
much of Jane's work continues to |
| 00:45:32 |
of day-to-day family life |
| 00:45:37 |
Her observations of Flo and Flint |
| 00:45:41 |
a mother's influence can be |
| 00:45:43 |
In the ten years since Flo died |
| 00:45:45 |
Jane has followed her family |
| 00:45:50 |
Flo's daughter, Fifi |
| 00:45:54 |
Like Flo, Fifi is an extremely |
| 00:45:59 |
Her son, Frodo, bears a striking |
| 00:46:04 |
Young Fanni evokes images of |
| 00:46:08 |
And in adolescent Freud a visible |
| 00:46:17 |
"Gremlin now watches Frodo |
| 00:46:20 |
Getty much more active |
| 00:46:25 |
As she watches Getty |
| 00:46:27 |
the youngest member of the Gomber |
| 00:46:31 |
Jane reflects on |
| 00:46:34 |
over the course of four years |
| 00:46:39 |
"There was one extremely horrifying day |
| 00:46:42 |
I was in Dares Salaam |
| 00:46:43 |
and we were contacting Gombe by |
| 00:46:49 |
And this strange message came over |
| 00:46:54 |
and her adolescent daughter |
| 00:46:56 |
Pom, had seized a newborn |
| 00:47:00 |
Gilka, one of the polio victims |
| 00:47:03 |
a chimp I'd known since |
| 00:47:06 |
And that this mother Passion |
| 00:47:10 |
and she and her daughter and her son |
| 00:47:14 |
And I found this almost |
| 00:47:17 |
But when I got to Gombe a week later |
| 00:47:21 |
And over the next four years Passion |
| 00:47:28 |
to kill and eat three newborn babies |
| 00:47:31 |
They were watched as they |
| 00:47:35 |
And we suspect that |
| 00:47:38 |
in fact, they were |
| 00:47:40 |
of ten newborn babies." |
| 00:47:44 |
Jane had always described Passion |
| 00:47:50 |
cold and indifferent, |
| 00:47:55 |
Yet Jane could not possibly |
| 00:47:58 |
would become a killer |
| 00:47:59 |
attacking with aggression so violent |
| 00:48:04 |
observers even when |
| 00:48:07 |
"Why did they do it? |
| 00:48:12 |
I suspect that it was an |
| 00:48:16 |
by the mother imitated |
| 00:48:22 |
It was, perhaps, the hardest thing to |
| 00:48:27 |
that's ever happened at Gombe |
| 00:48:29 |
And the descriptions of the attacks |
| 00:48:35 |
the most moving and horrifying |
| 00:48:40 |
in all the 22 years |
| 00:48:43 |
For instance, when passion, |
| 00:48:46 |
two strong females, attacked |
| 00:48:51 |
Melissa's daughter Gremlin |
| 00:48:53 |
much younger than Pom, |
| 00:48:57 |
assistants who were watching |
| 00:49:00 |
stood upright, |
| 00:49:02 |
looked back at the scene, and |
| 00:49:06 |
But Passion and Pom |
| 00:49:09 |
stronger than Melissa, |
| 00:49:13 |
leaving Melissa terribly |
| 00:49:16 |
The moment they had the baby |
| 00:49:19 |
when Melissa went up to watch |
| 00:49:22 |
Passion reached out |
| 00:49:26 |
I have no quarrel with you." |
| 00:49:28 |
I wanted your baby |
| 00:49:30 |
Now I'm content |
| 00:49:31 |
And as I say we just do not |
| 00:49:34 |
Hopefully now |
| 00:49:37 |
Passion is dead |
| 00:49:39 |
Pom has shown no signs of |
| 00:49:41 |
on her own isn't capable |
| 00:49:45 |
and stealing her baby." |
| 00:49:50 |
For now the warfare is over |
| 00:49:55 |
Gombe is quiet again but for the |
| 00:50:06 |
Then on a summer evening in 1982 |
| 00:50:08 |
a joyous chorus of human |
| 00:50:12 |
an anniversary party celebrating |
| 00:50:19 |
To share this night, some have come |
| 00:50:22 |
others have walked for miles |
| 00:50:25 |
With traditional feasting |
| 00:50:27 |
they join together to toast the |
| 00:50:34 |
"Well, after 22 years I have many |
| 00:50:36 |
many fond memories of Gombe |
| 00:50:39 |
Perhaps the one that I like to |
| 00:50:43 |
was after having struggled |
| 00:50:46 |
crawled through the undergrowth |
| 00:50:47 |
climbed up to the Peak and down again |
| 00:50:50 |
and searched, and being rewarded |
| 00:50:52 |
yes by seeing chimps, but chimps |
| 00:50:54 |
that ran away every time I went |
| 00:50:57 |
to have a chimpanzee just sit there |
| 00:50:59 |
and watch me and know that I was |
| 00:51:02 |
That was a very, very wonderful moment |
| 00:51:06 |
It was a tremendous feeling of |
| 00:51:09 |
and exhilaration and pride in the |
| 00:51:14 |
And then a rather different kind of |
| 00:51:19 |
that a wild chimpanzee mother |
| 00:51:22 |
and allowed her infant to reach |
| 00:51:25 |
that wondering expression in his eyes |
| 00:51:28 |
And that, of course, was Flo with |
| 00:51:32 |
And that's another moment I'll |
| 00:51:38 |
And though it often seems a lifetime ago |
| 00:51:41 |
she remembers them all three |
| 00:51:46 |
who allowed her the privilege of |
| 00:51:50 |
Wild animals roaming free |
| 00:51:53 |
who permitted a human to live among |
| 00:52:14 |
Today, the direction of the study |
| 00:52:19 |
ahead to be written by |
| 00:52:22 |
It is a future Jane Goodall embraces |
| 00:52:28 |
"I hope to stay at Gombe for as long |
| 00:52:33 |
and even after that I would hope |
| 00:52:36 |
that I can train somebody to follow |
| 00:52:40 |
so that when I'm an old and |
| 00:52:42 |
I can still hear about Melissa's |
| 00:52:46 |
and Fifi's successors and be happy |
| 00:52:53 |
When Louis Leakey told Jane her |
| 00:52:57 |
it sounded like a lifetime |
| 00:52:59 |
and privately she thought |
| 00:53:03 |
Already into her third decade at Gombe |
| 00:53:06 |
the pioneer who dared to be accepted |
| 00:53:10 |
and won has no intention of |
