|
National Geographic Beyond 2000 The Explorers
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Even as a little kid |
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I was always curious |
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you know what was |
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what was it like |
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the next neighborhood |
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the next town |
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It just snowballs |
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Ever since I was a kid |
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I was interested in |
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I really liked to |
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and personal with animals |
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I was a little boy |
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who grew up on the shore |
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I wanted to be Captain Nemo |
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I wanted to command |
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Growing up in a small town |
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I never thought that |
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Just amazing |
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I think there is |
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this essence of |
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this desire to explore |
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We all have this hidden |
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that wants to just kind of |
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and really feel the world |
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I really think that there are |
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too many things to discover |
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If it is easy |
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it would have been done |
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I think there are plenty of |
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A lot of those places |
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are going to be the most |
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There's so much |
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that is unexplored |
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that I can't imagine we're gonna be |
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out of work |
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July 16, 1969 |
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Apollo Eleven escapes |
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and sets its course for |
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Our urge to explore has |
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finally outgrown our |
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But as the people of |
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the astronauts on board |
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They marvel at earth |
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It looks as strange as |
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Below them is a planet |
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The spirit of exploration |
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Brave people have always |
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ventured out into |
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and come back to enlighten us |
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And in the last century |
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the pace of accomplishment |
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Edmund Hillary and Tenzing |
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first to summit Mount |
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Robert Peary and |
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first to the North Pole |
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Amelia Earhart? first woman |
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to fly solo across |
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That's one small step |
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And a thousand years from |
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they will still know |
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But has everything been |
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Is the age of exploration |
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This is the story of |
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who believe that the spirit |
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of exploration still |
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It is the story of what |
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time and again |
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Ian Baker believes that at |
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there are still places on |
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that have never been named |
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that have never been |
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Somewhere in this vast |
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he hopes to find a giant |
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He's been searching for |
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Ancient Buddhist prayer |
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within a gorge is a cascade |
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that shrouds |
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I first heard about it |
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who had spent much of |
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meditating in these |
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He had always told me |
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the greatest of these was |
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in the far southeastern |
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Baker made six expeditions |
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He has never managed |
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He is not the first to |
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In 1924, British Botanist |
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Ward tried to find |
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only to be defeated |
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Where he failed |
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He knows Kingdon-Ward was |
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descend the sheer cliffs |
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along more than five miles |
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Could the falls be located |
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Baker and his expedition |
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Ken Storm, have won |
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who will lead them down |
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that no Westerner has ever |
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The gorge is a treacherous |
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stinging nettles and |
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Why do people like |
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so much to explore the |
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I don't feel |
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that I'm different from |
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that I think the spirit of |
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exploration is intrinsic |
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Exploration is really one |
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very few things that makes |
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Once you get a taste of it |
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you can't go back to |
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I did become tensely |
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being soaking wet never |
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Leeches all over your legs |
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and just scratch marks all |
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and face just because half |
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you're moving up through |
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But I think anybody |
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who's given to a life of |
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has to feel some sense of |
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embrace of this kind of |
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where, you know the |
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of the civilized world are |
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As a young boy, Baker |
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He yearned to be |
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to reach the top of famous |
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And he drew pictures |
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revealing dreams of |
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places with hidden |
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My more recent explorations |
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have been in that sense |
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of my earliest childhood |
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which was really to |
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and marshes behind the |
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There is still a first out |
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But reaching the great |
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is an epic journey away |
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Now that the weather is |
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we're going to try to |
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make our way down into |
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And for 75 years |
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it has been believed to be |
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Ian Baker's expedition to |
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find the falls has been |
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...to a mile a day |
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In this terrain |
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the difference between |
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can be a single careless |
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We had on previous |
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seen from a long distance |
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what appeared to be |
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But even when we were |
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above it a year earlier |
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we were still not able to |
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in fact, this was the great |
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that Kingdon-Ward had been |
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And there was the sense |
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unless you went down to |
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we would never be able to |
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answer or resolve that |
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The jungle thickens |
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The terrain gets |
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Then, finally |
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they hear the river falling |
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All of the Tsang-po |
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Unbelievable |
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A century of speculation |
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They have filled in |
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one of the last blank |
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These are, indeed, the |
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They name it the Hidden |
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after the region's |
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What this discovery of |
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actually, is to evoke from |
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almost a subconscious |
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we all have for magical |
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for a sense that there are |
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I don't understand |
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why people think that |
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For me it's really just |
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I think there's plenty of |
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A lot of those places are |
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gonna be the most |
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to really sustain yourself |
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within and make |
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I love this expression: |
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And that's what I'm really |
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The best explorers |
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have always brought back to us |
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with their pictures |
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When the film Congorilla |
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audiences flocked to the theater. |
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Most people had never seen |
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moving pictures of such exotic animals |
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You are going to see |
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and hear the first pictures |
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ever made in the jungles |
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There will be the roar |
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herds of elephants |
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and rivers alive with |
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The film was made by Martin |
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In 1917, they quit the |
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left their New York home |
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and began two decades of |
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When they began |
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wildlife was so plentiful they |
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needed only to drive into the bush and |
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turn on their cameras. |
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The abundance is long gone |
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To capture what remains, it took |
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National Geographic photographer |
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weeks of brutal trekking |
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through the jungles of Central Africa |
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I have no interest in |
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wildlife photography for |
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It's just not justifiable |
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we've got so many habitats |
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and creatures that are |
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In our case, |
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we're going out in |
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of the African forest |
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We really know |
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but we want to come back |
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and show everybody and say |
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The job that I do is |
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one of the most romantic |
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Everybody wants to do it |
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But nobody sees it for |
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being hot, insects |
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People see the glamour of |
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or the glamour of the travel |
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But they don't really want |
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Why do explorers subject |
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You've got to have something |
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because you are getting |
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the hardships, being away |
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So if you don't feel like |
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I don't think you can put |
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in front of you when |
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There's difficult cultures |
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difficult political |
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difficult physical |
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and no guarantee of |
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there's gonna be |
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that you're gonna have to |
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to pull something out |
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And that is enough to |
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but the most hardened |
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There's fleas that burrow |
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You gotta deal with those |
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You may get 100 a night |
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There's other animals that |
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go into your privates and |
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Shuffling in the mud, |
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There was heat and there |
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and there is caimans and |
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there is crocodiles |
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Then there is the mosquitoes |
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and cause all the different |
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Then there is flies biting |
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that cause blindness and |
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It's just endless |
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It's five a.m. |
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and I'm going out to |
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that [Neil] just rigged |
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I'm trying to get pictures |
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of monkeys and birds |
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I have no assurance that |
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I just hope so |
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I studied art as a young man |
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I was a painter and |
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As soon as I picked up |
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and took |
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when I was 18 in college |
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I decided at that moment |
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There's something in nature |
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that is out of our realm |
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I'm not sure what it is |
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It's an essence |
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That's what I have been |
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Who knows how to get |
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It is this word "wild" |
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What's behind that is |
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find an essence that |
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but we all know what it is |
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We all know that there's |
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that keeps us whole |
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because we come from |
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In 1997, when Nichols was |
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his journey embodied |
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Unlike earlier explorers |
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he is not driven by a desire |
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in cages or trophy heads... |
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but with pictures? |
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pictures he hopes will save |
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these animals from |
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When I see an elephant in |
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I'm looking at a specimen |
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If we had five gazillion |
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we have no tigers |
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If they're not out walking |
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that forest is |
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Tigers are part |
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A tiger won't pose while |
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So his crew rigs intricate |
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to capture a tiger's image |
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They hope one of |
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will trigger the |
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We're trying to find a way |
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to take pictures of tigers |
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Actually, the tigers are |
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That's what it gets down to |
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There's no humans here |
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they come along |
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We really wanted just to |
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to get into their world |
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it's such a secret world |
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Weeks pass? No tigers. |
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Go in! |
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Oh, my God, yes! |
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Yes! |
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C'mon! |
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Go in! |
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My mission is definitely |
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as a finite thing and say |
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Let's find a way to realize |
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that it's so precious and |
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The new edge to exploration |
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we must know how |
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Like Nichols, |
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by the desire to preserve |
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What drives me to explore? |
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It's the need to understand |
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so that we perhaps might |
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be able to do better |
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Earle is the Chuck Yeager |
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a pioneer of undersea |
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Five species of marine life have been |
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Earle was raised on a farm in New Jersey |
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in a time when girls weren't expected go |
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grow up and have professions, let alone |
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become explorers. |
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For me, my playground was |
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I knew from the moment |
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I first saw a horseshoe crab |
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sort of crawling up |
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in New Jersey that I had |
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about where it came from |
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and how it lived |
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and how it spent its |
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And I've been intrigued |
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Seventy percent of the |
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but most of it remains |
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the New World |
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No place on the planet is more difficult |
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There's nothing more |
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a scientist such as I |
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than to go down to 150 feet |
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and go over to the edge |
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into the sea and know that |
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People have always dreamed |
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But for centuries anything |
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below a few hundred feet |
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...until William Beebe and |
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Otis Barton invented |
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a steel ball they hoped |
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would take them a half-mile |
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It took four years |
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before the bathysphere |
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Finally in 1934, |
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Beebe and Barton |
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not knowing if it would be |
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As they were slowly lowered |
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the pressure built up |
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to more than 1,300 pounds |
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It was so cold, |
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it was like sitting on |
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But they did it |
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The bathysphere went a |
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The record stood for |
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Building on the accomplishments |
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Earle has pushed the limits |
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In 1979, untethered and |
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she dove to over 1,200 feet |
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It was as daring a feat |
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Back in 1970, |
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it was uncommon for women |
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to do some of the sorts |
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that I found myself |
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There were no women |
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In fact, there were no women |
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at that point in time |
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And aquanauts were also |
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Earle was one of five women |
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selected to join a team |
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who lived and studied in |
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anchored in the Caribbean |
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They called us aquabelles, |
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They had a hard time |
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I didn't care what they |
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as long as they let us go, |
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Earle has never let |
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Her passion for the ocean |
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For me the lure of the deep |
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It's that curiosity that |
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but scientists never |
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you just have to know |
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In order to satisfy that |
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Earle, like so many |
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is at the mercy of |
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For years, she has teamed up with |
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engineer Graham Hawkes. Together, |
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they have helped revolutionize |
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You know, it's said that |
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on the moon than |
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That's kind of literally |
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Once you step foot |
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you are just back where |
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you're back looking at |
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a piece of the planet no |
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When Earle and Hawkes |
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a new fast-moving submarine |
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they had to build it |
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There is no NASA of the |
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You know, I was born to be |
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I grew up with |
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I apparently was always |
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Numerous rockets, |
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numerous little explosions |
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My parents were both |
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My father was postman |
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And the small part of |
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the wrong side of the |
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went to the wrong schools |
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Hawkes was the first in |
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Over the past 20 years |
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he has become |
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one of the leading |
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Hawkes's and Earle's dream |
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is to literally swim with |
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It's the counterpart |
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you fly into that other |
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There's this moment of discovery |
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that this is not |
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this is water filled |
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There are jellies, |
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there are eyes all around |
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There you go as an explorer |
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not alone for a moment... |
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not even for an instant |
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Oh, my God, it's coming |
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Oh, my gosh |
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Oh!? Just so close. |
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He was just beautiful |
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Funded in part by the |
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Earle is now diving in |
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It is the tool |
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for the next generation of |
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In July of 1969, |
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four simple words |
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expand forever the limits |
| 00:26:44 |
The eagle has landed |
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The calmness of the voice |
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masks the terror of |
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Neil Armstrong and |
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have only seconds of fuel |
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when they land on the moon |
| 00:26:58 |
Armstrong's pulse races |
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That's one small step |
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one giant leap for mankind |
| 00:27:15 |
The triumph seemed complete |
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but landing was |
| 00:27:20 |
NASA couldn't guarantee |
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the safe return |
| 00:27:28 |
President Richard Nixon |
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in case the men were |
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stranded on the moon's |
| 00:27:35 |
It read, in part: |
| 00:27:37 |
"These brave men know that |
| 00:27:39 |
there is no hope for their |
| 00:27:43 |
But they also know that |
| 00:27:44 |
there is hope for mankind |
| 00:27:50 |
Our greatest achievements |
| 00:27:52 |
are often balanced on |
| 00:27:57 |
For 20 years, Robert Peary |
| 00:28:00 |
Matthew Henson, |
| 00:28:02 |
had been risking their lives |
| 00:28:07 |
On the fourth expedition |
| 00:28:08 |
temperatures dropped to |
| 00:28:12 |
They were forced to eat |
| 00:28:15 |
But the men relentlessly |
| 00:28:18 |
on April 6, 1909, |
| 00:28:21 |
they became the first to |
| 00:28:26 |
"The Pole at last, |
| 00:28:29 |
"The prize of three centuries |
| 00:28:35 |
As much as Peary and Henson |
| 00:28:38 |
and Armstrong the moon |
| 00:28:40 |
explorers have dreamed of |
| 00:28:41 |
climbing the world's |
| 00:28:44 |
For decades, the slopes of |
| 00:28:47 |
the life of one climber |
| 00:28:50 |
Then, in 1953... |
| 00:28:53 |
Mount Everest has been |
| 00:28:55 |
of the British expedition |
| 00:28:56 |
...Tenzing Norgay and |
| 00:28:59 |
overcame the cold and |
| 00:29:00 |
the thin air to stand on |
| 00:29:07 |
No one else will ever |
| 00:29:10 |
"First to the roof of |
| 00:29:18 |
The drive to explore |
| 00:29:20 |
But have today's explorers |
| 00:29:25 |
I'd love to have been an |
| 00:29:27 |
where I could have been |
| 00:29:28 |
the first man to cross |
| 00:29:29 |
or the first man |
| 00:29:31 |
the heart of Australia |
| 00:29:33 |
It would have been |
| 00:29:34 |
Exploration a century ago |
| 00:29:35 |
was about assigning names |
| 00:29:39 |
and I think it's become |
| 00:29:43 |
You really have to push |
| 00:29:45 |
That's why it hasn't been |
| 00:29:47 |
I mean, if it was easy, |
| 00:29:49 |
it would have been done |
| 00:29:51 |
An explorer is someone |
| 00:29:53 |
a person who has a dream |
| 00:29:55 |
who prepares to fulfill |
| 00:29:59 |
assembles a team, goes out |
| 00:30:02 |
overcomes the tests of |
| 00:30:06 |
attains the truth and |
| 00:30:08 |
returns to society to |
| 00:30:10 |
That's the epic journey |
| 00:30:11 |
and that's what |
| 00:30:16 |
Deep sea explorer, |
| 00:30:18 |
has spent a career in search |
| 00:30:22 |
For years, he longed to |
| 00:30:28 |
It was the most elegant |
| 00:30:32 |
Titanic was built to last |
| 00:30:38 |
On April 10, 1912, she set sail on |
| 00:30:43 |
Five days later |
| 00:30:44 |
she disappeared into |
| 00:30:46 |
of the North Atlantic |
| 00:30:49 |
More than 1,500 perished |
| 00:30:53 |
People believed the ship |
| 00:30:56 |
and that Ballard's quest |
| 00:31:01 |
But he proved them wrong |
| 00:31:04 |
In 13,000 feet of water, |
| 00:31:10 |
He made history come to life |
| 00:31:12 |
People could see the past |
| 00:31:16 |
a romantic era stolen away |
| 00:31:18 |
by an iceberg and now |
| 00:31:24 |
I don't go to sea |
| 00:31:25 |
unless I am really |
| 00:31:29 |
I have decided not to do |
| 00:31:32 |
People say, |
| 00:31:33 |
"Why don't you find Amelia |
| 00:31:35 |
Fat chance. |
| 00:31:37 |
I won't take on a job unless |
| 00:31:42 |
Ballard did not stop with |
| 00:31:46 |
He found the Nazi battleship Bismarck... |
| 00:31:54 |
...explored the torpedoed |
| 00:32:03 |
Contact. That's a ship |
| 00:32:05 |
It's definitely you |
| 00:32:07 |
...and located |
| 00:32:10 |
sunk in the World |
| 00:32:19 |
I have little boys come up |
| 00:32:21 |
and say they wish I would |
| 00:32:24 |
because there isn't going |
| 00:32:28 |
And I try to remind them |
| 00:32:29 |
that I've only seen |
| 00:32:31 |
of one percent of |
| 00:32:32 |
so there's plenty there |
| 00:32:36 |
This time, Ballard is |
| 00:32:39 |
in time than he has ever |
| 00:32:42 |
two thousand years ago |
| 00:32:45 |
when Roman ships criss-crossed |
| 00:32:48 |
They were small vessels |
| 00:32:52 |
Many of them never made it |
| 00:32:58 |
To help him find |
| 00:33:00 |
Ballard has enlisted |
| 00:33:05 |
The NR-1 was used during |
| 00:33:08 |
for missions so secret |
| 00:33:09 |
the Navy still won't talk |
| 00:33:12 |
Now the sub is hunting for |
| 00:33:15 |
that sank to the ocean floor |
| 00:33:18 |
Captain, ship's fit |
| 00:33:20 |
You have permission |
| 00:33:22 |
Dive! Dive! |
| 00:33:29 |
40 feet. Going down |
| 00:33:35 |
For hundreds of years |
| 00:33:37 |
scientists have looked in |
| 00:33:41 |
And for most of that time |
| 00:33:43 |
they've only been able to |
| 00:33:46 |
And what we're trying to |
| 00:33:48 |
that has never been done |
| 00:33:49 |
and that is to try and |
| 00:33:52 |
that is thousands of feet |
| 00:34:00 |
The NR-1 hits thick mud |
| 00:34:03 |
The sub's arm is unable to |
| 00:34:12 |
Do the wooden hulls |
| 00:34:14 |
still exist just beyond reach |
| 00:34:20 |
Will this be Ballard's first failure? |
| 00:34:24 |
You can be lucky, |
| 00:34:27 |
You know, you cannot |
| 00:34:29 |
and dig and discover |
| 00:34:31 |
No! You have to stay day |
| 00:34:37 |
And luck will come to you |
| 00:34:39 |
And that's why luck cannot |
| 00:34:45 |
Like Robert Ballard, |
| 00:34:46 |
Egyptologist Zahi Hawass |
| 00:34:51 |
He has spent a career |
| 00:34:53 |
of the Giza Plateau |
| 00:34:56 |
One of his most remarkable |
| 00:35:01 |
when a horse, galloping |
| 00:35:04 |
plunged its hoof through |
| 00:35:08 |
Below lay a vaulted tomb, |
| 00:35:11 |
sealed in the time of |
| 00:35:13 |
Inside, Hawass glimpsed |
| 00:35:24 |
Because of the size |
| 00:35:26 |
because of the unique shape |
| 00:35:29 |
and also because it was |
| 00:35:31 |
then I believe this is |
| 00:35:33 |
who was in charge of |
| 00:35:34 |
the whole administration |
| 00:35:37 |
This is the man who wanted |
| 00:35:41 |
all these people live in |
| 00:35:44 |
and they go early in |
| 00:35:46 |
and they come by the sunset |
| 00:35:48 |
and they live in |
| 00:35:49 |
and at the same time |
| 00:35:50 |
when they die, there is |
| 00:35:58 |
Besides the foreman's tomb |
| 00:36:00 |
Hawass and his crews |
| 00:36:01 |
unearthed more than |
| 00:36:04 |
an entire cemetery |
| 00:36:10 |
For centuries, |
| 00:36:11 |
the pyramid builders were |
| 00:36:14 |
a captive labor force |
| 00:36:17 |
This discovery shattered |
| 00:36:23 |
For explorers like Hawass |
| 00:36:25 |
the possibilities of |
| 00:36:30 |
The sands of the desert |
| 00:36:43 |
Artifacts, hidden from one |
| 00:36:47 |
can suddenly be revealed |
| 00:36:52 |
In 1998, a team under |
| 00:36:55 |
made a startling find: A tomb, unseen |
| 00:36:59 |
untouched for thousands of years |
| 00:37:03 |
It is beautiful, |
| 00:37:08 |
It is very rare |
| 00:37:11 |
We discover a lot of things |
| 00:37:13 |
every day, everywhere |
| 00:37:15 |
But everything, |
| 00:37:17 |
almost 99 percent of what |
| 00:37:21 |
This is unique, |
| 00:37:24 |
because of one thing: |
| 00:37:25 |
This is intact |
| 00:37:29 |
Beneath a limestone lid, |
| 00:37:36 |
This is wonderful |
| 00:37:38 |
The symbol of resurrection |
| 00:37:50 |
Under the glare of |
| 00:37:52 |
they struggle to remove |
| 00:37:56 |
Have the contents inside |
| 00:38:00 |
They crane forward, peer inside and a gift |
| 00:38:07 |
millennium B.C.: a mummy dressed |
| 00:38:12 |
portraying the gods of the afterlife |
| 00:38:24 |
Hieroglyphs around the coffin tell a |
| 00:38:27 |
story from the final glory days of |
| 00:38:29 |
ancient Egypt. |
| 00:38:31 |
nobleman, a member |
| 00:38:35 |
His name was Lufaa |
| 00:38:38 |
He is the director |
| 00:38:40 |
He was near to the king |
| 00:38:41 |
The king lives in |
| 00:38:43 |
This is the man that is |
| 00:38:46 |
to know the throne is fine |
| 00:38:49 |
The ladies, or the wife, |
| 00:38:53 |
she's not coming today |
| 00:38:55 |
You can meet this official |
| 00:38:57 |
the dining room is set, |
| 00:39:01 |
we will make the party |
| 00:39:02 |
That is the man that does |
| 00:39:04 |
all the arrangements |
| 00:39:07 |
He makes the palace life |
| 00:39:09 |
Hawass's explorations have |
| 00:39:11 |
a more detailed picture |
| 00:39:14 |
of who we are and where we |
| 00:39:18 |
An explorer is someone's |
| 00:39:19 |
who trying to find answers |
| 00:39:22 |
I think all of us want to |
| 00:39:26 |
Certainly, we want to know |
| 00:39:29 |
where we came from and |
| 00:39:31 |
And I think most people |
| 00:39:33 |
but very few of them spend |
| 00:39:37 |
trying to find answers to |
| 00:39:40 |
For weeks, |
| 00:39:41 |
Robert Ballard has been |
| 00:39:43 |
in the depths of |
| 00:39:46 |
He has not been able to |
| 00:39:49 |
he believes sank in |
| 00:39:52 |
He cannot afford to fail |
| 00:39:54 |
A single expedition can |
| 00:39:57 |
Hold shipwreck |
| 00:39:59 |
Holy mackerel |
| 00:40:01 |
At last... |
| 00:40:02 |
Look at that! |
| 00:40:08 |
...3,000 feet beneath |
| 00:40:11 |
fragile amphora... |
| 00:40:15 |
dried fish and olive oil |
| 00:40:27 |
Instead of finding the |
| 00:40:30 |
scattered throughout |
| 00:40:32 |
they are, in fact, |
| 00:40:32 |
concentrated in |
| 00:40:36 |
one amphora after another, |
| 00:40:39 |
As Ballard and the captain |
| 00:40:43 |
the final tragic moments for |
| 00:40:47 |
It must have been caught |
| 00:40:50 |
They began to off-load |
| 00:40:53 |
as fast as they could |
| 00:40:54 |
throwing the amphoras off |
| 00:40:56 |
one side of the ship and |
| 00:40:58 |
This is probably the width |
| 00:40:59 |
the separation between |
| 00:41:02 |
Two miles of amphoras were |
| 00:41:05 |
until finally the ship |
| 00:41:07 |
went under and ultimately |
| 00:41:16 |
Ballard deploys a scavenger |
| 00:41:19 |
to bring the 2,000-year-old |
| 00:41:31 |
Robert Ballard has proven |
| 00:41:32 |
that we can dive into |
| 00:41:35 |
and resurrect the sunken |
| 00:41:46 |
The key is that |
| 00:41:49 |
you slug away, |
| 00:41:51 |
and then there's |
| 00:41:55 |
And it's so exhilarating |
| 00:41:57 |
It's just |
| 00:41:59 |
high known to a human race |
| 00:42:02 |
And once you've |
| 00:42:04 |
you want to experience it |
| 00:42:06 |
There is so much of the |
| 00:42:09 |
that I can't imagine |
| 00:42:11 |
we're going to be out |
| 00:42:20 |
Exploration really has that |
| 00:42:22 |
element of discovering |
| 00:42:25 |
You make it a discipline |
| 00:42:28 |
to document, to record |
| 00:42:32 |
The old style of explorer |
| 00:42:34 |
it was about conquering |
| 00:42:36 |
about, you know, |
| 00:42:39 |
about getting control, |
| 00:42:42 |
I think the real difference |
| 00:42:44 |
between adventure and |
| 00:42:47 |
is that exploration is |
| 00:42:52 |
Michael Davie is just |
| 00:42:57 |
In 1997, at the age of 22 |
| 00:43:00 |
he trekked from Cape Town, |
| 00:43:02 |
South Africa, |
| 00:43:05 |
a 5,000-mile journey that |
| 00:43:11 |
Davie uses a video camera |
| 00:43:13 |
to explore more than |
| 00:43:15 |
he explores culture |
| 00:43:18 |
His journey epitomizes the |
| 00:43:22 |
Do you think life here |
| 00:43:25 |
Yes |
| 00:43:26 |
Why? |
| 00:43:26 |
There are no jobs |
| 00:43:29 |
But your future, does your |
| 00:43:33 |
Yes, I think so |
| 00:43:41 |
Peter Pan was my hero, |
| 00:43:43 |
I wanted to live |
| 00:43:44 |
I wanted to fly away to |
| 00:43:46 |
and run wild with |
| 00:43:49 |
You know, |
| 00:43:49 |
I think it's every kid's |
| 00:43:51 |
and bash his way through |
| 00:43:54 |
and have wild adventures |
| 00:43:57 |
and get himself into as |
| 00:43:59 |
And now I get paid to |
| 00:44:01 |
which is the greatest |
| 00:44:04 |
Man, this place is just |
| 00:44:12 |
An explorer is somebody |
| 00:44:13 |
who has to look deeper into |
| 00:44:15 |
things than things were |
| 00:44:18 |
It's about going into |
| 00:44:19 |
which geographically |
| 00:44:21 |
but emotionally perhaps |
| 00:44:25 |
Mozambique at last |
| 00:44:27 |
I just hope I don't step |
| 00:44:31 |
Red danger sign |
| 00:44:31 |
Danger! Mines! |
| 00:44:35 |
What kind of damage could |
| 00:44:38 |
Take off a lower leg or |
| 00:44:41 |
It's primarily a weapon |
| 00:44:43 |
rather than kill, although |
| 00:44:44 |
there's every chance |
| 00:44:46 |
that it would kill a small |
| 00:44:50 |
One of the most inspiring |
| 00:44:51 |
I've ever met in my life |
| 00:44:52 |
was a five-year-old girl |
| 00:44:54 |
She was a land mine victim |
| 00:44:57 |
And I think I forgot that I |
| 00:45:01 |
and suddenly I was looking |
| 00:45:03 |
fighting to learn |
| 00:45:08 |
That was an incredibly |
| 00:45:10 |
emotional moment for me |
| 00:45:12 |
and I don't think it's one |
| 00:45:35 |
When I turned 21, |
| 00:45:36 |
my parents and I were on |
| 00:45:38 |
and we were sitting around |
| 00:45:40 |
And we decided to count |
| 00:45:42 |
we'd moved in my 21 years |
| 00:45:43 |
And we had moved home |
| 00:45:46 |
And at that point I |
| 00:45:47 |
although I wanted to become |
| 00:45:51 |
I had already spent |
| 00:45:58 |
Danger certainly adds |
| 00:46:02 |
to what I do and |
| 00:46:03 |
I love the sense that |
| 00:46:06 |
Today is a hell of a lot |
| 00:46:08 |
yesterday was and it's |
| 00:46:12 |
We've been surrounded by |
| 00:46:15 |
I need the adrenaline, |
| 00:46:16 |
otherwise I'd still be |
| 00:46:17 |
at law school studying |
| 00:46:21 |
Hello |
| 00:46:22 |
What's the problem? |
| 00:46:22 |
I don't have to quote |
| 00:46:25 |
I know my rights |
| 00:46:26 |
I think the first time |
| 00:46:27 |
I wasn't enjoying it all |
| 00:46:28 |
I was absolutely terrified |
| 00:46:30 |
But once I saw myself get |
| 00:46:32 |
I think that's probably |
| 00:46:34 |
when the addiction |
| 00:46:36 |
Okay, well you don't have |
| 00:46:38 |
I know I'm foolish and I |
| 00:46:42 |
But, you know |
| 00:46:43 |
there is a certain amount of |
| 00:46:49 |
You can't really understand |
| 00:46:52 |
appreciate it or |
| 00:46:53 |
the scope of it until |
| 00:46:55 |
you've flirted with death |
| 00:46:58 |
understood the other side |
| 00:47:01 |
Exploration is often |
| 00:47:04 |
a journey to understand |
| 00:47:06 |
and your place |
| 00:47:08 |
Heidi Howkins craves |
| 00:47:14 |
For her, risking death on |
| 00:47:18 |
is how she explores life |
| 00:47:23 |
Who could have guessed that |
| 00:47:24 |
this little girl would |
| 00:47:25 |
to be a high altitude |
| 00:47:29 |
There was one influence |
| 00:47:30 |
that might have given you |
| 00:47:35 |
She describes him as |
| 00:47:43 |
He passed along his passion |
| 00:47:45 |
for ultra-long distance |
| 00:47:47 |
But Howkins quickly |
| 00:47:49 |
She wanted something more |
| 00:47:51 |
For me, those are just |
| 00:47:54 |
They're not mental |
| 00:47:55 |
Yes, sure, you get to |
| 00:47:57 |
to continue running |
| 00:48:00 |
you've got to have |
| 00:48:03 |
But it's, there's no danger |
| 00:48:06 |
There's no risks, |
| 00:48:12 |
But risk and fear are at |
| 00:48:18 |
While an earlier generation |
| 00:48:20 |
would have been satisfied |
| 00:48:21 |
with conquering one |
| 00:48:25 |
Howkins hopes to conquer |
| 00:48:29 |
without the aid of |
| 00:48:33 |
It really doesn't matter |
| 00:48:34 |
that I'm female when |
| 00:48:36 |
What matters is that |
| 00:48:38 |
And that's a great feeling |
| 00:48:41 |
That's something that |
| 00:48:46 |
It'd be nice to share that |
| 00:48:51 |
It's just that there aren't |
| 00:48:55 |
My legs are saying, |
| 00:49:00 |
Howkins knows all too well |
| 00:49:02 |
that once she sets foot on |
| 00:49:04 |
she puts her life in peril |
| 00:49:08 |
While climbing Kanchenjunga |
| 00:49:12 |
she was struck by a massive |
| 00:49:16 |
Although buried |
| 00:49:18 |
she found the strength to |
| 00:49:25 |
In 1998, her expedition was |
| 00:49:31 |
The slabs of snow missed |
| 00:49:33 |
but she was helpless as |
| 00:49:35 |
members of her team were |
| 00:49:37 |
Two were killed |
| 00:49:41 |
Despite the danger |
| 00:49:42 |
Howkins returns year after |
| 00:49:46 |
You have to confront your |
| 00:49:48 |
like that every day on |
| 00:49:51 |
if not every hour, |
| 00:49:52 |
It becomes something |
| 00:49:55 |
of like your fingers |
| 00:49:57 |
You're certain that |
| 00:49:59 |
and you're fully aware |
| 00:50:06 |
You're catapulted into |
| 00:50:09 |
when you're facing that |
| 00:50:11 |
that terror, that mystery, |
| 00:50:16 |
Why do climbers like Howkins |
| 00:50:19 |
for extreme vertical places? |
| 00:50:21 |
Why do they eagerly seek |
| 00:50:26 |
Why do I do this if it's |
| 00:50:28 |
so uncomfortable and scary? |
| 00:50:31 |
Because I don't want life |
| 00:50:33 |
You know, I find greater |
| 00:50:36 |
when I go out and struggle |
| 00:50:40 |
On Baffin Island, 300 miles |
| 00:50:44 |
there is a wall of granite |
| 00:50:47 |
as high as the Empire State |
| 00:50:50 |
It's not the world's highest, |
| 00:50:54 |
But no one has climbed it |
| 00:50:56 |
For four world class |
| 00:50:58 |
that's an irresistible |
| 00:51:01 |
I think, to me personally |
| 00:51:03 |
true adventure requires |
| 00:51:07 |
It's gotta have this big |
| 00:51:10 |
It's probably the hardest |
| 00:51:12 |
climbing that I've done |
| 00:51:13 |
Maybe that's what |
| 00:51:16 |
pushing yourself so far |
| 00:51:17 |
that you can't really |
| 00:51:20 |
You have to keep going |
| 00:51:23 |
Basically, a trip like |
| 00:51:25 |
It's a journey of exploration |
| 00:51:26 |
into a beautiful wilderness |
| 00:51:30 |
I don't have a death wish, |
| 00:51:33 |
And these trips bring you |
| 00:51:35 |
than anything I can imagine |
| 00:51:39 |
Howkins's journey is becoming |
| 00:51:43 |
She is approaching |
| 00:51:49 |
Above 26,000 feet |
| 00:51:51 |
the air is so thin |
| 00:51:53 |
that the brain is deprived |
| 00:51:57 |
It becomes hard to think |
| 00:52:00 |
Every fiber in your body |
| 00:52:04 |
to sit down, to die, |
| 00:52:06 |
You've moved beyond your |
| 00:52:10 |
There has to be something |
| 00:52:12 |
that's pushing you |
| 00:52:15 |
especially to continue |
| 00:52:19 |
Howkins isn't the first |
| 00:52:21 |
to try climbing both Everest |
| 00:52:25 |
In 1995, |
| 00:52:26 |
Alison Hargreaves had |
| 00:52:30 |
and had reached the summit |
| 00:52:33 |
But on her descent |
| 00:52:34 |
she was caught in a storm |
| 00:52:41 |
Howkins herself is |
| 00:52:43 |
Illness and weather stop |
| 00:52:53 |
I can't describe how I |
| 00:52:56 |
without using four-letter |
| 00:52:58 |
I mean, I'm like, |
| 00:53:01 |
I'm sitting at 21,000 feet |
| 00:53:03 |
I slept for about one hour |
| 00:53:06 |
and the other 11 hours |
| 00:53:08 |
I hacked up all kinds of |
| 00:53:12 |
I've got bronchitis or |
| 00:53:16 |
She is forced to admit |
| 00:53:19 |
give up the summit, |
| 00:53:22 |
To deny that the summit |
| 00:53:23 |
isn't what I'm trying to do |
| 00:53:24 |
It's just that it's not as |
| 00:53:26 |
important as the way |
| 00:53:30 |
The journey that happens |
| 00:53:32 |
to the summit is more |
| 00:53:33 |
It sounds cliché, |
| 00:53:35 |
It's not whether you |
| 00:53:39 |
It's not what you do |
| 00:53:40 |
it's how you do it |
| 00:53:44 |
The best explorers are |
| 00:53:46 |
the next journey, |
| 00:53:49 |
But what are the personal |
| 00:53:52 |
I'm on the road a lot |
| 00:53:53 |
It's very difficult |
| 00:53:57 |
to put out roots in |
| 00:53:59 |
because I'm not here for |
| 00:54:03 |
to really get to know people |
| 00:54:05 |
I regret that I didn't |
| 00:54:07 |
with my children |
| 00:54:09 |
because I chose to go out |
| 00:54:12 |
The negative side is |
| 00:54:15 |
I love my family |
| 00:54:18 |
And I love land |
| 00:54:20 |
I think the most important |
| 00:54:22 |
I've learned about |
| 00:54:23 |
is how much I love land |
| 00:54:24 |
You know, I have absolutely |
| 00:54:27 |
Whatever one might |
| 00:54:28 |
as a sacrifice is not |
| 00:54:30 |
and that it really entails |
| 00:54:31 |
not seeking out security |
| 00:54:36 |
I think my biggest |
| 00:54:38 |
that I'm going to die |
| 00:54:40 |
because I've just been |
| 00:54:42 |
from these tropical |
| 00:54:44 |
That's my biggest |
| 00:54:52 |
The Llanos, |
| 00:54:55 |
For the early explorers |
| 00:54:58 |
who dared enter this |
| 00:55:01 |
no creature loomed larger |
| 00:55:02 |
than South America's giant |
| 00:55:07 |
Look out, Jimmy! |
| 00:55:13 |
Explorers spun tales of |
| 00:55:16 |
intent on human flesh |
| 00:55:19 |
Jim is black in the face, |
| 00:55:29 |
Exploration now is very |
| 00:55:32 |
Early explorers would go |
| 00:55:37 |
conquering people, |
| 00:55:41 |
the things that they were |
| 00:55:44 |
Exploration now has a much |
| 00:55:47 |
and taste to it |
| 00:55:53 |
A barefoot explorer, |
| 00:55:54 |
Jesus Rivas is hunting |
| 00:55:57 |
not for sport, |
| 00:55:58 |
but to understand this |
| 00:56:03 |
Rivas explores a dangerous |
| 00:56:06 |
for the anaconda rules this |
| 00:56:11 |
It's meal of choice is |
| 00:56:14 |
a giant rodent that can |
| 00:56:45 |
The snake kills with power, |
| 00:56:48 |
It wraps its coils so |
| 00:56:52 |
that the animal cannot |
| 00:56:54 |
so tightly that its blood |
| 00:57:07 |
It will take the snake six |
| 00:57:14 |
The anaconda is strong |
| 00:57:16 |
enough to overwhelm and |
| 00:57:22 |
Rivas, however, is obsessed |
| 00:57:24 |
as close as he can to these |
| 00:57:27 |
There's no telling how many |
| 00:57:31 |
I got on my head |
| 00:57:32 |
and after six, eight hours |
| 00:57:34 |
in the swamp and nothing |
| 00:57:36 |
But if you're stubborn |
| 00:57:39 |
it and you try and try |
| 00:57:41 |
and eventually you |
| 00:57:49 |
The time comes when you |
| 00:57:52 |
and your foot bounces back |
| 00:57:54 |
and there's this big animal |
| 00:57:59 |
Hurry, hurry |
| 00:58:01 |
Are you losing your grip? |
| 00:58:03 |
In a second, I will |
| 00:58:11 |
Oh, it's a big mama |
| 00:58:13 |
Come here and get |
| 00:58:17 |
It is a wonderful animal |
| 00:58:18 |
It is an animal that, |
| 00:58:20 |
has to inspire admiration |
| 00:58:21 |
and awe more than |
| 00:58:24 |
Godzilla!? We are having |
| 00:58:30 |
Rivas and his wife, |
| 00:58:33 |
have captured and studied |
| 00:58:37 |
Their exploration |
| 00:58:38 |
funded in part by the |
| 00:58:41 |
is a first |
| 00:58:42 |
People ask me why it has |
| 00:58:45 |
And the reason is that |
| 00:58:47 |
I don't think anybody |
| 00:58:51 |
You can't find them, they |
| 00:58:53 |
we can't subdue them |
| 00:58:54 |
they are a very hard |
| 00:58:56 |
and that is why they |
| 00:58:58 |
Wait, wait, wait here |
| 00:59:01 |
To crack the code of |
| 00:59:03 |
Rivas searches |
| 00:59:05 |
massive coils of mating |
| 00:59:08 |
He plants radio transmitters |
| 00:59:10 |
to track potential mothers |
| 00:59:15 |
Ever since I was a kid, |
| 00:59:18 |
I had this urge of going |
| 00:59:20 |
into the forest, |
| 00:59:23 |
into whatever was |
| 00:59:28 |
Oh, you want to kiss me, |
| 00:59:30 |
I'm not your lover |
| 00:59:32 |
My mother, when I was a kid, |
| 00:59:33 |
called, had this word |
| 00:59:35 |
It was "pata caliente" |
| 00:59:38 |
because she couldn't stop |
| 00:59:42 |
and looking for |
| 00:59:46 |
Okay, I'm gonna pull |
| 00:59:48 |
to see what's going on |
| 00:59:50 |
Rivas and Owens have struck |
| 00:59:52 |
a breeding ball |
| 00:59:54 |
This is their Everest, |
| 00:59:58 |
To reproduce, as many as |
| 01:00:02 |
will wrap themselves |
| 01:00:06 |
Rivas and Owens have |
| 01:00:08 |
unravel the secrets of this |
| 01:00:12 |
The first time I laid hands |
| 01:00:17 |
it was a large female next |
| 01:00:18 |
it was a massive animal |
| 01:00:20 |
When I put my hands around |
| 01:00:24 |
my fingers could feel |
| 01:00:27 |
It was unbelievable |
| 01:00:28 |
It was the thing that really |
| 01:00:32 |
Nice female |
| 01:00:33 |
It's beautiful |
| 01:00:35 |
Look at those colors |
| 01:00:37 |
Out there, somewhere |
| 01:00:43 |
Rivas believes there are |
| 01:00:46 |
beasts of monstrous |
| 01:00:49 |
He dreams of discovering |
| 01:00:53 |
I've thought a lot about |
| 01:00:56 |
if I found this animal |
| 01:00:58 |
that is too big for me |
| 01:01:02 |
but is too big for me to |
| 01:01:05 |
I don't know what I'll do |
| 01:01:07 |
It will be some tough fight |
| 01:01:10 |
I don't know |
| 01:01:13 |
They're all my family |
| 01:01:17 |
Rivas is following |
| 01:01:19 |
of a noble tradition of |
| 01:01:24 |
...people like |
| 01:01:25 |
who set sail to |
| 01:01:28 |
and saw birds in a |
| 01:01:31 |
He returned to England |
| 01:01:33 |
with the theory of |
| 01:01:37 |
...or Jane Goodall |
| 01:01:38 |
who lived for decades in |
| 01:01:41 |
and with a patient gaze |
| 01:01:44 |
and the mind of |
| 01:01:49 |
She has revolutionized our |
| 01:01:54 |
She witnessed chimps doing |
| 01:01:56 |
no one had seen before |
| 01:02:02 |
Her explorations have |
| 01:02:05 |
how closely connected |
| 01:02:10 |
Since Goodall began her |
| 01:02:13 |
the world's population |
| 01:02:17 |
Blink and wild habitat |
| 01:02:25 |
Explorers, like |
| 01:02:28 |
must act as emergency room |
| 01:02:30 |
and move quickly to |
| 01:02:35 |
I would give anything to |
| 01:02:37 |
and see what the planet |
| 01:02:40 |
when it was more in balance |
| 01:02:42 |
before there were so |
| 01:02:45 |
Something's wrong with |
| 01:02:48 |
It's an ecosystem in peril |
| 01:02:49 |
It's dying |
| 01:02:51 |
And the alligator is |
| 01:02:52 |
a crucial component |
| 01:02:57 |
In the Everglades, |
| 01:02:58 |
the 'gators breed less |
| 01:03:00 |
their growth is stunted |
| 01:03:02 |
To find out why |
| 01:03:03 |
he's exploring the belly |
| 01:03:08 |
You have to know |
| 01:03:09 |
what's important in |
| 01:03:11 |
before you can get a handle |
| 01:03:13 |
you know, |
| 01:03:13 |
what's really happening with |
| 01:03:17 |
To investigate their |
| 01:03:19 |
Brady must first find |
| 01:03:21 |
and catch one of these swamp |
| 01:03:25 |
Scary situations are just |
| 01:03:28 |
just the nature of |
| 01:03:30 |
and what I do and |
| 01:03:32 |
If you're gonna work |
| 01:03:34 |
that can eat you or bite |
| 01:03:36 |
I mean that's just |
| 01:03:37 |
there's no way to get away |
| 01:03:40 |
It's just a part of |
| 01:03:43 |
Right there! |
| 01:03:47 |
Okay, try to keep |
| 01:03:48 |
I'm gonna try to move up |
| 01:03:50 |
Oh yeah, I got him, |
| 01:03:57 |
See that? |
| 01:04:00 |
Okay, now are you ready |
| 01:04:02 |
Now, when I tell you to move |
| 01:04:20 |
Okay! It's always a little |
| 01:04:25 |
to tape the jaws up |
| 01:04:28 |
This alligator's not |
| 01:04:32 |
I've always been fascinated |
| 01:04:34 |
even as a small child |
| 01:04:35 |
But I grew up in the |
| 01:04:38 |
There weren't many |
| 01:04:41 |
I went to graduate school |
| 01:04:43 |
where there were a lot of |
| 01:04:44 |
And I saw these large |
| 01:04:46 |
living in close contact |
| 01:04:47 |
His explorations are |
| 01:04:50 |
this close contact is toxic |
| 01:04:54 |
Alligators in the Everglades |
| 01:04:57 |
A seven-foot animal 100 |
| 01:04:59 |
on Lake Okeechobee might |
| 01:05:03 |
A seven-foot alligator |
| 01:05:06 |
this alligator? might be |
| 01:05:09 |
Maybe it's mercury |
| 01:05:10 |
maybe it's quality of |
| 01:05:12 |
That's what we're looking |
| 01:05:13 |
Maybe it's pollution |
| 01:05:15 |
Changes in hydrology have |
| 01:05:17 |
what the alligator is |
| 01:05:18 |
It's a complicated picture |
| 01:05:20 |
hopefully we'll shed |
| 01:05:21 |
with this stomach content |
| 01:05:23 |
We're going to put |
| 01:05:25 |
the mouth of the alligator |
| 01:05:27 |
fill it with water and |
| 01:05:28 |
then May Lynn's going to |
| 01:05:30 |
the Heimlich maneuver just |
| 01:05:36 |
Hit it hard. |
| 01:05:39 |
I'm gonna pull the hose |
| 01:05:40 |
One, two, three, go! |
| 01:05:44 |
I didn't feel anything |
| 01:05:53 |
Look at this |
| 01:05:54 |
There's a seven-foot |
| 01:05:57 |
and here's the contents |
| 01:05:59 |
One snail with the tissue |
| 01:06:04 |
And here is two, three |
| 01:06:09 |
Before we started this |
| 01:06:11 |
people said, "Oh, alligators |
| 01:06:14 |
you know, pull down deer." |
| 01:06:16 |
We're finding they eat a |
| 01:06:18 |
believe it or not, |
| 01:06:21 |
That's how these alligators |
| 01:06:23 |
out here in the Everglades |
| 01:06:24 |
It's a tough place to live |
| 01:06:26 |
If I was an alligator |
| 01:06:27 |
I wouldn't want to live in |
| 01:06:34 |
Paul Sereno is famous |
| 01:06:36 |
one of the most famous bone |
| 01:06:40 |
Just 41 years old |
| 01:06:42 |
he's already made more |
| 01:06:44 |
than most paleontologists |
| 01:06:51 |
Time and again |
| 01:06:52 |
Sereno has headed out into |
| 01:06:55 |
and come back with |
| 01:06:57 |
that no one has seen before |
| 01:07:01 |
For Sereno, 1,000 years |
| 01:07:06 |
His finds allow us |
| 01:07:07 |
to imagine history on |
| 01:07:10 |
history that is more than |
| 01:07:16 |
How many chances |
| 01:07:17 |
do you have to make a mark |
| 01:07:18 |
to change the way we look |
| 01:07:22 |
the way the world was |
| 01:07:28 |
With one expedition |
| 01:07:29 |
we really have the chance |
| 01:07:30 |
And the only way that |
| 01:07:33 |
really, by performing beyond |
| 01:07:38 |
This time Sereno is |
| 01:07:39 |
on an expedition deep into |
| 01:07:43 |
It's a harsh landscape |
| 01:07:44 |
Sand storms, relentless |
| 01:07:48 |
will make the next four |
| 01:07:53 |
Paleontology often finds |
| 01:07:55 |
because they are places |
| 01:08:00 |
places difficult to live in |
| 01:08:02 |
places often unexplored |
| 01:08:05 |
And the more unexplored |
| 01:08:07 |
the better chance you have |
| 01:08:09 |
that nobody's ever seen |
| 01:08:13 |
Just getting to |
| 01:08:14 |
is a grueling cross-country |
| 01:08:23 |
The journey is not |
| 01:08:24 |
it's potentially lethal |
| 01:08:26 |
A civil war in this area |
| 01:08:29 |
Travelers were killed on |
| 01:08:33 |
I have told you that |
| 01:08:34 |
we might require an armed |
| 01:08:37 |
I didn't know the details |
| 01:08:38 |
I didn't know what happened |
| 01:08:39 |
That was in the future then |
| 01:08:41 |
We have items that people |
| 01:08:42 |
items that they have |
| 01:08:45 |
It's a personal risk |
| 01:08:47 |
There's no question |
| 01:08:51 |
If something happens |
| 01:08:52 |
or if people feel that |
| 01:08:54 |
whatever their obligations are |
| 01:08:55 |
whatever their personal |
| 01:08:57 |
that they've reached that |
| 01:09:00 |
I don't blame anybody for |
| 01:09:02 |
I will help you leave, you |
| 01:09:07 |
It's the classic explorer's |
| 01:09:09 |
How much are you willing to |
| 01:09:13 |
Are you willing to risk |
| 01:09:16 |
Although the team will |
| 01:09:18 |
no one abandons |
| 01:09:20 |
no one wants to pass up |
| 01:09:22 |
the chance of making |
| 01:09:27 |
After five days and 14 flat |
| 01:09:30 |
they finally reach their |
| 01:09:35 |
Okay, show me the money |
| 01:09:36 |
Where're the bones? |
| 01:09:37 |
Although the world Sereno |
| 01:09:38 |
explores vanished millions |
| 01:09:41 |
it still lives in |
| 01:09:44 |
You've got to look at |
| 01:09:46 |
that doesn't look like a |
| 01:09:48 |
what it was like as a lake |
| 01:09:52 |
What this little fragment |
| 01:09:54 |
here is telling you is that |
| 01:09:56 |
There were trees |
| 01:09:57 |
This was an area |
| 01:09:58 |
where there was a chance |
| 01:10:01 |
a dinosaur or a crocodile or |
| 01:10:04 |
could have gotten buried |
| 01:10:13 |
I think I inspire in part |
| 01:10:16 |
I wouldn't ask anybody |
| 01:10:17 |
that I wouldn't be doing |
| 01:10:18 |
I can take the heat |
| 01:10:20 |
so I'll work right through |
| 01:10:22 |
at 120 degrees out |
| 01:10:23 |
the bone actually reaching |
| 01:10:25 |
really, really hot |
| 01:10:29 |
I really find that exploring |
| 01:10:31 |
one of the most fulfilling |
| 01:10:34 |
because it forces you to |
| 01:10:36 |
And at first, imagination |
| 01:10:40 |
After all, we're observers |
| 01:10:42 |
But, in fact, imagination |
| 01:10:44 |
I think is the essence |
| 01:10:50 |
Dig by dig, explorers like |
| 01:10:53 |
pure imagination into |
| 01:10:57 |
The team has been working |
| 01:11:01 |
in heat often over |
| 01:11:04 |
And beneath tons of |
| 01:11:08 |
We have a couple of |
| 01:11:11 |
That's a conclusion we've |
| 01:11:13 |
What we discovered |
| 01:11:14 |
when we first started |
| 01:11:17 |
is the hip region |
| 01:11:19 |
and back bone of a very |
| 01:11:22 |
Here's the vertebrae here |
| 01:11:27 |
Sereno thinks the animals |
| 01:11:28 |
were the victims of |
| 01:11:31 |
The surging water piled |
| 01:11:32 |
their multi-ton bodies |
| 01:11:35 |
and the river sediment |
| 01:11:39 |
Although the sauropods are |
| 01:11:41 |
a significant find, |
| 01:11:44 |
He sets out deeper into |
| 01:11:48 |
in search of more bones |
| 01:11:50 |
Go this way? |
| 01:11:51 |
Okay, go this way. |
| 01:11:53 |
As hard-working and |
| 01:11:55 |
it wasn't always the case |
| 01:11:59 |
As a child, he broke school |
| 01:12:02 |
and even tried to derail |
| 01:12:07 |
The one thing that kept |
| 01:12:11 |
He's been fascinated with |
| 01:12:18 |
At the new site, |
| 01:12:19 |
the team can't contain |
| 01:12:21 |
There are bones everywhere |
| 01:12:26 |
We've got an aranosaurus |
| 01:12:28 |
We got therasaur |
| 01:12:29 |
You've got a sauropod, |
| 01:12:30 |
Five minutes |
| 01:12:33 |
They can leave their pick |
| 01:12:35 |
Fossils are scattered around |
| 01:12:37 |
on the surface of the desert |
| 01:12:40 |
No one has been here |
| 01:12:44 |
Wow! Look at those ribs! |
| 01:12:48 |
Bone by bone |
| 01:12:49 |
they uncover a predator |
| 01:12:51 |
some kind of high-spined |
| 01:12:57 |
Yeah, this is a piece of |
| 01:12:59 |
And then Sereno and |
| 01:13:01 |
make another stunning |
| 01:13:04 |
Wow, this is great, Dave |
| 01:13:06 |
That's a big ass claw! |
| 01:13:11 |
It's a foot-long thumb claw |
| 01:13:12 |
just laying there |
| 01:13:14 |
Anybody would have stopped |
| 01:13:16 |
but no one was there |
| 01:13:18 |
That's a particularly |
| 01:13:21 |
sort of a chilling feeling |
| 01:13:23 |
that reveals that there |
| 01:13:25 |
many places on the surface |
| 01:13:27 |
that have not been |
| 01:13:29 |
And it's just the beginning |
| 01:13:32 |
Bones of the animal |
| 01:13:33 |
have been preserved |
| 01:13:35 |
Sereno thinks |
| 01:13:36 |
they have discovered |
| 01:13:42 |
Not until they haul over |
| 01:13:45 |
back to the lab will they |
| 01:13:50 |
The expedition is over |
| 01:13:51 |
but the journey of discovery |
| 01:13:58 |
Over the next year |
| 01:13:59 |
in this basement laboratory |
| 01:14:01 |
at the University |
| 01:14:02 |
Sereno's team will |
| 01:14:03 |
painstakingly reconstruct |
| 01:14:06 |
I had a vision of something |
| 01:14:10 |
I would like, I think |
| 01:14:12 |
to see this animal down |
| 01:14:17 |
as if it were almost fishing |
| 01:14:20 |
you know, with the claws |
| 01:14:23 |
It's just like you say, |
| 01:14:25 |
interacting with something |
| 01:14:26 |
it's looking, it's ready |
| 01:14:30 |
We are literally |
| 01:14:33 |
that once existed |
| 01:14:36 |
When we set foot in Africa, |
| 01:14:38 |
there wasn't one skeleton |
| 01:14:39 |
or skull that was known |
| 01:14:42 |
from the whole Cretaceous |
| 01:14:43 |
That's the last half of |
| 01:14:46 |
We now can stand among six |
| 01:14:52 |
Wow! That is really big |
| 01:14:56 |
For the first time |
| 01:15:00 |
the spinosaur stands |
| 01:15:03 |
It gives the public a sense |
| 01:15:07 |
a time without humans, |
| 01:15:09 |
something that's foreign, |
| 01:15:11 |
a time when there were |
| 01:15:13 |
where we didn't influence |
| 01:15:16 |
and control the world like |
| 01:15:18 |
That's critical, I think |
| 01:15:19 |
for understanding and also |
| 01:15:26 |
The beast is 11 feet tall |
| 01:15:28 |
And from the tip of its tail |
| 01:15:32 |
it measures more than |
| 01:15:38 |
I think there is a point |
| 01:15:40 |
in an expedition when you |
| 01:15:44 |
"We've done it!" |
| 01:15:46 |
Unconsciously, |
| 01:15:47 |
you realize there's |
| 01:15:49 |
a tension that drove you |
| 01:15:51 |
and energizing a team to be |
| 01:15:54 |
But there is a thrilling |
| 01:15:57 |
"We've done it again," |
| 01:15:59 |
and you can walk out |
| 01:16:00 |
we have made a difference |
| 01:16:02 |
In the face of |
| 01:16:05 |
how can we say that |
| 01:16:08 |
that it has all been done? |
| 01:16:10 |
There are places |
| 01:16:11 |
that we still haven't seen |
| 01:16:12 |
There are ocean depths |
| 01:16:15 |
There are species yet |
| 01:16:17 |
And there's always something |
| 01:16:22 |
We can never know everything |
| 01:16:23 |
To be an explorer today is |
| 01:16:24 |
to face the greatest era |
| 01:16:27 |
It's just beginning |
| 01:16:29 |
We're just beginning |
| 01:16:31 |
to see how many more |
| 01:16:33 |
I think the ultimate goal |
| 01:16:34 |
to ever fall into some |
| 01:16:38 |
and think that we've made |
| 01:16:41 |
there are to be made and |
| 01:16:43 |
our whole life, continue |
| 01:16:46 |
informed by this spirit of |
| 01:16:53 |
On the cusp of |
| 01:16:55 |
we can pause and look back |
| 01:17:01 |
Exploration has remade how |
| 01:17:07 |
But true explorers will |
| 01:17:10 |
with what they see now |
| 01:17:12 |
They will continue to rush |
| 01:17:15 |
...pushing the limits of |
| 01:17:18 |
whether they are diving |
| 01:17:22 |
uncovering artifacts |
| 01:17:26 |
or saving the habitats |
| 01:17:33 |
Our limits will become the |
| 01:17:37 |
One of these children might |
| 01:17:41 |
Another might explore and |
| 01:17:42 |
solve the riddle of human |
| 01:17:45 |
The only guarantee is that |
| 01:17:49 |
there will be a daring few |
| 01:17:52 |
to be restless, |
| 01:17:55 |
risk it all to explore |
