National Geographic Lost Ships of the Mediterranean
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They lived by wind and wave, |
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Their people were lords of the sea. |
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Few built finer craft. |
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Few sailed faster... or farther. |
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But none of that could save this ship. |
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The sea would rise up and conceal |
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Summer 1997. |
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The US Navy's nuclear submarine, |
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the NR-1 is on a mission |
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The sub's advanced sonar detects |
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that appear to be shipwrecks. |
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Though pressed for time, |
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A rough set of coordinates |
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and a shadowy videotape |
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Later, the crew will send word |
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who is also one of the greatest |
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The man who discovered the Titanic, |
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and many other shipwrecks, |
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The sheer number of ceramic jars |
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but their meaning escapes |
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Well, not being an archeologist, |
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all I could tell was |
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but I didn't know anything |
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It lies at a forbidding |
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Is it worth investigating? |
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Ballard will seek the advice |
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Throughout the Mediterranean, |
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most shipwrecks have been discovered |
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But this one was found nearly |
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opposite what was once a thriving |
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On the southern coast of |
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Ashkelon's roots reach back |
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Crusaders and Muslims |
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Romans claimed it. |
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Babylonians destroyed it. |
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In the Bible, it was a stronghold |
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Its earliest known inhabitants |
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Since 1985, |
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of Harvard University |
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His knowledge of ancient pottery |
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In a tiny shard, |
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and pinpoint the culture |
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Oh, now this is great. |
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This is most probably |
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But things were not so clear |
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Well, when I first looked at it, |
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that it was so fuzzy, and couldn't |
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Because that, of course, was the key |
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But it seemed to me |
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and possibly even 9th, 8th, |
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These two-handled storage jars, |
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were first used throughout |
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around 4,000 years ago. |
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Distinctive styles evolved |
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a boon for archeologists |
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as 'signatures' of time and place. |
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But sometimes two amphoras |
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can be deceptively similar. |
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These might be |
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But Stager has a hunch |
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He tells Ballard that if this wreck |
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as he suspects, it is the first of its |
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It was a gamble but one that |
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in that I would have put down |
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More than money would be wagered. |
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In the summer of 1999, the |
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Ballard and Stager lead an expedition |
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to relocate and study |
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At stake is their conviction |
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of oceanography and archeology |
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You know, when we found the Titanic, |
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we knew they existed. |
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They really were not a discovery. |
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They were a relocation. |
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These are true discoveries. |
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These are chapters of human history |
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and I actually think |
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Still, this expedition begins |
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Okay, ladies and gents! |
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Make sure your life jackets are right |
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else I'll give you to Albert! |
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Safety training is mandatory |
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forty-nine scientists, engineers, |
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ship's mates and graduate students. |
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When you jump in what's the correct |
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Yeah, and your nose. Smashing. |
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Landlubber or seadog, |
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No one. |
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Larry! |
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Can't get it any tighter! |
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The Northern Horizon |
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a floating research facility. |
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Over 55 tons of equipment were |
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Several larger items have been |
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For nearly two decades, |
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Ballard has worked with an expert team |
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out of |
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Martin Bowen and Andy Bowen have been |
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Inside, Stager's archeology team |
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Hey, team, excuse me, I just got some |
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he just gave me the coordinates. |
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They're right on the ancient routes |
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that some have predicted between |
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His team includes four |
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as well as an expert on ancient ships, |
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Shelley Wachsmann of |
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These ships might have had |
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Wachsmann: They seem from all the |
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that the merchant ships were extremely |
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Yeah. |
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If this dates to around 700 BC |
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this is the first ship ever found |
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You have to remember that ships |
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I mean, there is nothing |
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that was not carried on a ship, |
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stone by stone, not in one shot! |
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And each one of these are |
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They went down in one moment, |
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and everything they were carrying on |
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went down together, |
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To reach the coordinates provided |
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This is the calm before the storm. |
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We are very relaxed now, |
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People are charging their batteries, |
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we just did the testing of the ship. |
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Everything's proceeding smoothly. |
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But once we get on site it'll kick in |
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And you will see people break up |
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and there will always be a team |
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Susan and Michael have the |
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because they work |
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and then from |
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they have to sleep |
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to go to sleep |
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But the reason they have to do |
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that is because at 12 midnight |
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and work the 12 midnight |
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And go to the van. |
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Exactly. |
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And that's where everything |
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Well it sounds like, |
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that the midnight to 4 a.m. shift |
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when a lot of things do happen. |
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On the Northern Horizon, 'navigation' |
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and computer-controlled propulsion. |
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But a few thousand years ago, |
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a sea captain had to rely on |
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The very heavens were his guide. |
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He probably spent a lifetime |
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observing the shifting angle |
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The special temper of each wind, |
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The powerful currents |
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All these may have been |
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Surely he watched for seabirds, |
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and for landmarks familiar |
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But the nearness of land |
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and he likely kept his ship |
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Well, generally the common wisdom |
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for safety, the ancient mariners |
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But when you think about it, |
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the last thing an ancient mariner |
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was a quickly approaching the shore. |
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Plus there was piracy. |
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Piracy wasn't the type |
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in the Caribbean where you're just |
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and suddenly another ship comes out. |
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Rather, they would watch from shore. |
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So you don't want to stay |
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and if somebody comes out to attack, |
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you want to have that leeway |
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It's Day Five and nearly midnight when |
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The coordinates provided by |
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Margin of error might be |
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Ballard's team deploys a deepwater |
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The hope is it will pinpoint |
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of large objects detected by the Navy. |
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Slip his line, slip his line! |
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As the sonar is towed, |
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to the 'Control Van', |
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Sonar screens are not |
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As the first watch hunkers down, |
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Okay, this course is going to |
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It already is increased. |
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The ship can't seem to stay on track, |
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Pull up the winch. |
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The generator is not going |
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They have to shut |
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This is the ship's? |
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Now. Yes, the ship's. |
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The ship has lost a generator. |
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Our speed over the ground is 5 knots. |
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Five knots? I'm shocked! |
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If there's a current like 4 knots, |
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That could be a real showstopper |
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Unless the winch is rewired to |
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the expedition is dead in the water. |
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Time to improvise. |
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There's no way we can feed |
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through the Scania circuit, right? |
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Because I have someone now |
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No estimated time on repairs. |
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Okay. Got the hand crank? |
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No... |
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Such are the risks of trying out |
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We're doing things we've |
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But that's why we're here. |
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We're always pushing the envelope. |
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The challenge is always the desire |
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to do things that have never |
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and the operator's side not wanting |
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4 a.m. Mission accomplished. |
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It's a miracle that's |
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Power has been re-routed- |
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That looks pretty good now. |
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Do you see something that you believe? |
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The sonar displays targets |
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It takes a trained eye to tell |
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There dead ahead. |
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Zero three seven |
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It's on the screen now. |
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Just startin' to appear. |
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There's something comin' in |
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There's something there. |
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There's something there |
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You're certainly within |
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It's about the right length; |
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It's roughly in the right place. |
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It smells right. |
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Within twelve hours, |
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that line up in a similar configuration |
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but offset by half a kilometer |
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Back to you, Larry. |
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I think we did it. |
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We did it. |
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Okay. The weather's nice. |
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I think we'll go to 'Phase Two'. |
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It's a conditional victory. |
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Until they actually |
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they won't know |
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There's plenty of work ahead. |
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Better get something to eat below. |
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As one shift gives way to the next, |
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Day 6. |
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The team prepares to launch |
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designed and built at Woods Hole - |
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and championed by a man |
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Robert Ballard can't remember a time |
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I mean my idol, as a kid- |
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He first dove in a submarine in 1969. |
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Later, he was part of the |
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that discovered hydrothermal vents |
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and surprising life |
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But he's always had |
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Diving in a small submarine |
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Pressure is a funny thing |
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'cause you look out the window |
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But it's there and the slightest |
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or anything would be |
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just pfft - you'd just vanish. |
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Ballard began to think that remote- |
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The idea led to a prototype |
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rigged with four motors, |
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a thirty-meter tether, |
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In 1986, on the Titanic, Jason Jr. |
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Maneuvered by Martin Bowen |
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the little robot descended |
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and danced beneath a chandelier. |
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That success launched a flurry |
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By the 1990s, Jason had become |
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just over two tons. |
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In a sense, he remains |
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forever refined and improved. |
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But even his standard features |
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Seven thrusters allow for |
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Titanium components can withstand |
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Get it here and move |
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Jason's video, film and electronic |
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by an experienced pilot. |
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Likewise his articulated arm, |
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You know, right about here, Andy. |
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By about my foot. |
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To fire up such a complex machine |
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Jason won't be ready to launch |
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It's a breathless moment |
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If a single component leaks, |
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it could short-circuit |
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Okay, pins released. |
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But tonight it's 'all systems go.' |
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Jason dives toward the most promising |
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And we're off. |
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Roger, make it slow. |
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You're 110 meters out to the target. |
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At the controls is pilot Will Sellers. |
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He adjusts Jason's buoyancy |
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Amazing! |
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Jason's own forward-facing sonar |
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A hundred and five meters. |
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Okay, it's off to the left. |
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Forty meters off to the left. |
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Is that it coming in? |
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That's it. |
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Let's see what we've got. |
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Lot of pits |
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That's just noise |
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There it is. |
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That's not geology. |
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There it is. |
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Whatever it is. |
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Off to the right slightly. |
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That's an anchor. |
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There's the chain. |
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Yup, there's the chain. |
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Follow that chain, Will, to the right. |
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Come right. That's the chain. |
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Metal chain, modern anchor. |
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This is no ancient ship. |
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So it's the other guy. |
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Yup. That's the Queen Victoria. |
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That was target AA, right? |
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Yeah so it means it's AC. |
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The brightest one is |
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Well, there you are. |
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Anyway it was a hit. |
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Okay, so we don't care about this guy. |
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We want to drive to AC as fast as |
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It'll take us a while, we'll go |
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We've got a ship, the wrong one. |
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But it means we know |
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Stager: My knees are weak. |
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From standing or the excitement? |
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And then the anchor |
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Those apparently don't start |
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So we might have a Victorian ship, |
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Who cares? |
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It's two hours transit to the next |
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a very long two hours. |
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Day 7. 5 a.m. Jason |
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The Control Van is flooded with |
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That must be it. That bright spot. |
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The bright spot, it's it. |
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That's it. |
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Magic. |
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Brightest thing on the screen. |
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That's gotta be the big one. |
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That's the mother lode. |
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The mother of all ships. |
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Eighty meters. |
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Remember that movie |
00:25:51 |
And it's coming towards you? |
00:25:55 |
'The alien is approaching our cabin, |
00:26:02 |
And closing... |
00:26:04 |
Eighteen meters... There she blows! |
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All right! |
00:26:19 |
Look at that! |
00:26:26 |
Fantastic! |
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There we are! |
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Oh, yeah. |
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Now we can see that |
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that's 8th Century. |
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It's now your problem, Larry. |
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It's a problem I like. |
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This is the first iron age ship that's |
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All right! |
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And it's the biggest one. |
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I mean, there's nothing bigger. |
00:26:59 |
Look at the corks. |
00:27:02 |
No, no. |
00:27:03 |
There's something in them. |
00:27:05 |
They can't sediment that way. |
00:27:07 |
But they can't sediment that way, |
00:27:12 |
I don't think so. |
00:27:14 |
You can't fill them that way. |
00:27:17 |
Look at those thing, still stacked. |
00:27:20 |
And cooking pots too. |
00:27:23 |
We didn't see those... Oh my. |
00:27:28 |
Those are absolutely |
00:27:38 |
I was nervous that |
00:27:41 |
and then when I saw those amphoras, |
00:27:44 |
I stopped looking at the ship |
00:27:46 |
and I'm looking at Larry, 'cause |
00:27:50 |
And then when you saw that big smile |
00:27:55 |
as far as I was concerned the cruise |
00:27:58 |
Look at that. |
00:28:01 |
It's the anchor. |
00:28:05 |
The stone anchor! |
00:28:08 |
More than a night to remember. |
00:28:13 |
I haven't been so happy about an |
00:28:18 |
maybe a lifetime. |
00:28:20 |
Look at that, you can see the ridges |
00:28:23 |
You know, when you have those kind of |
00:28:26 |
and this was mine. |
00:28:32 |
For me, something that was incredibly |
00:28:36 |
with, you know, maybe the last supper |
00:28:42 |
Yeah, I do think about people |
00:28:57 |
Like a messenger from the future, |
00:29:02 |
that set sail around the time Homer |
00:29:08 |
when the Greeks began to celebrate |
00:29:12 |
and a pair of twin brothers, |
00:29:15 |
founded a city called Rome. |
00:29:29 |
The archeologists need a detailed, |
00:29:32 |
but Jason's lights can't |
00:29:36 |
To map the site, the robot moves over |
00:29:41 |
and takes some 800 electronic |
00:29:50 |
On-board computers help merge |
00:29:53 |
into a black-and-white |
00:29:58 |
It speaks volumes about the world's |
00:30:05 |
Some 300 amphoras preserve the shape |
00:30:11 |
About 18 meters long, |
00:30:16 |
A stone anchor marks the bow, |
00:30:21 |
All this, plus the style |
00:30:24 |
suggests it may be |
00:30:27 |
broad in the beam, |
00:30:34 |
Such ships are known from Assyrian carvings, |
00:30:37 |
and from a detailed description |
00:30:49 |
Of the Phoenicians, little tangible |
00:30:54 |
They lived along the eastern shore |
00:30:57 |
from before 1200 BC |
00:31:01 |
But their real domain was the sea. |
00:31:06 |
The greatest maritime merchants |
00:31:09 |
they traded with Pharaohs, |
00:31:12 |
and left traces of colonies |
00:31:19 |
Their rich purple dye was much prized, |
00:31:25 |
It was the Phoenicians |
00:31:29 |
when Solomon built his temple |
00:31:34 |
Their skill at carving wood and ivory |
00:31:46 |
Sadly, only shreds of |
00:31:50 |
But their simple alphabet |
00:31:53 |
and would evolve into |
00:32:00 |
Still, it was as seafarers that the |
00:32:07 |
A Greek historian claims |
00:32:12 |
Others believe |
00:32:18 |
It's as if the Phoenicians |
00:32:23 |
Until now. |
00:32:27 |
Day 8. |
00:32:28 |
The team drops a rig called |
00:32:34 |
Later, it will raise precious cargo |
00:32:52 |
So, there are the pots right there. |
00:32:57 |
Today's goal is 'retrieval'. |
00:32:59 |
With hundreds of amphoras |
00:33:01 |
the two lone cooking pots |
00:33:07 |
It won't be easy. |
00:33:09 |
Pilot Matt Heintz is first |
00:33:13 |
nicknamed 'Deep Spank' by the team. |
00:33:22 |
You get it just like that, |
00:33:24 |
so the weight's sitting on that. |
00:33:26 |
Okay, we'll see if we can |
00:33:28 |
And avoid the handles. |
00:33:31 |
Yeah. |
00:33:32 |
They're not up to |
00:33:35 |
No one is quite sure |
00:33:45 |
First time that one's been moved |
00:33:47 |
Yeah? I think it's the food's ready. |
00:33:55 |
It's lost. Okay, we gotta recover |
00:34:08 |
For now, 'Deep Spank' disappoints. |
00:34:13 |
It was a new modification |
00:34:19 |
Engineering on the fly. |
00:34:23 |
It's back to an old die-hard. |
00:34:25 |
Scoops in underneath |
00:34:29 |
We call it the cowcatcher. It works. |
00:34:35 |
Within hours, |
00:34:37 |
with a priceless cooking pot |
00:34:43 |
Now this is archeology. |
00:34:56 |
That dog can hunt! |
00:35:02 |
It's a triumph of technology |
00:35:04 |
each time Jason deposits |
00:35:09 |
But it also means |
00:35:13 |
Careful records must be kept. |
00:35:17 |
Archeology is a destructive science. |
00:35:20 |
It's like tearing pages out of a book. |
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Once you've removed something, |
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if you haven't recorded it |
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Work continues until |
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Then begins a slow ascent that |
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There it is right here. |
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Bob, we made a mistake. |
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We shouldn't have put |
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since there are only two of them. |
00:36:11 |
Yeah. |
00:36:13 |
Is that the right place? |
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The center! |
00:36:20 |
Okay, undo yours. |
00:36:23 |
Take the slack off |
00:36:28 |
Don't tilt it. |
00:36:29 |
Just stop it when it starts to swing. |
00:36:34 |
Okay, don't pull hard guys. |
00:36:39 |
Oh those beautiful cooking pots. |
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Ha Ha. Oh they're so glorious. |
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Okay, watch the guys. |
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Make sure the objects don't |
00:36:54 |
Thank god they're here! |
00:37:00 |
I'll tell you, I was really happy |
00:37:05 |
The amphoras, we've got more of. |
00:37:08 |
What would they cook in that? |
00:37:10 |
What kind of meal. |
00:37:11 |
That's the one you'd |
00:37:13 |
It isn't as though you made |
00:37:16 |
Just throw it all in. |
00:37:18 |
Refrigerator soup. |
00:37:21 |
Whatever is at the end of the week |
00:37:26 |
Well, this is in beautiful shape. |
00:37:30 |
There's something special about |
00:37:33 |
that has been untouched by humans |
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I mean, to the time of Homer. |
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Wow. That's, that's pretty far back. |
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Here comes the pot, |
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Two years after |
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Stager finally enjoys |
00:37:58 |
Few little sea creatures |
00:38:07 |
Well, my great wish came true that |
00:38:12 |
and not something Byzantine. |
00:38:16 |
You know the other possibility |
00:38:20 |
oh, maybe 1100, 1200 years later. |
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In which case we have lots of wrecks |
00:38:30 |
But you rarely if ever find this |
00:38:35 |
Even if they're more or less complete |
00:38:38 |
and you have to put them together |
00:38:41 |
But out here, a whole shipload |
00:38:46 |
It's marvelous. |
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Bathed in a solution |
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the artifacts are now the concern |
00:38:57 |
his son James and assistant conservator |
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Sampled and sifted for future analysis, |
00:39:06 |
sediments might yield traces of a meal, |
00:39:17 |
I'm getting 7.2 millimeters. |
00:39:20 |
Preservation of this pot |
00:39:23 |
but its digital doppelganger |
00:39:28 |
It's equally possible the amphoras |
00:39:33 |
I think I'm almost at the bottom... |
00:39:35 |
Then Giangrande spots |
00:39:39 |
used for sealing amphoras of wine. |
00:39:43 |
It's as fine a discovery as any |
00:39:47 |
Not a bad millennium. |
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Terrific wine. |
00:39:53 |
The superb condition of the amphoras |
00:39:56 |
to a theory about the fate |
00:40:00 |
The ship is not busted up. |
00:40:03 |
There's very few amphoras |
00:40:06 |
So it wasn't like they were |
00:40:10 |
They were swamped. |
00:40:13 |
You know, when you get in trouble |
00:40:16 |
hoping you can outrun the storm |
00:40:20 |
but you can then have |
00:40:22 |
the stern and just swamp you. |
00:40:25 |
We call 'em rogue waves. |
00:40:26 |
I've been in two of them in my life. |
00:40:29 |
We took one head on- |
00:40:31 |
took off the ridge, took off |
00:40:33 |
So my first expedition, |
00:40:36 |
I almost went down in a storm! |
00:40:41 |
Understanding the wreck site |
00:40:43 |
has also consumed the |
00:40:48 |
So we've got the map crunched. |
00:40:51 |
Using data collected by a sensor |
00:40:55 |
has produced a three-dimensional map. |
00:40:58 |
It shows the wreck is sitting in an |
00:41:03 |
and helps explain something |
00:41:07 |
'Cause you know one of the thing |
00:41:09 |
the problem is the amphoras |
00:41:11 |
And you figure out, |
00:41:14 |
But what you've done is, |
00:41:18 |
When the ship was swamped, |
00:41:22 |
like a weight, and buried |
00:41:30 |
In time, wood-boring organisms |
00:41:37 |
The amphoras' unbaked clay stoppers |
00:41:41 |
As wine escaped, |
00:41:48 |
Over the centuries, deep-water currents |
00:41:52 |
excavating the wreck, |
00:42:02 |
So much revealed in so few days. |
00:42:06 |
The team has earned a bit of fun. |
00:42:20 |
Feet were still a little apart. |
00:42:23 |
I don't know, about an 8, |
00:42:37 |
Ballard: Time to get all the children |
00:42:46 |
Day 9. |
00:42:48 |
The team heads for the coordinates |
00:42:52 |
Three two seven... |
00:42:55 |
Three two seven |
00:43:00 |
The expedition leaders have been |
00:43:05 |
But there's no sign of fatigue |
00:43:17 |
Down 75 on the range. |
00:43:28 |
That's a 55-gallon drum. |
00:43:31 |
That was a decoy. |
00:43:33 |
They always drop drums |
00:43:36 |
Let's, uh, go back to 400, just do |
00:43:41 |
As Jason rotates, he picks up |
00:43:51 |
It's trash |
00:43:53 |
Straight ahead. |
00:43:57 |
Okay. There it is! |
00:44:04 |
All right! |
00:44:11 |
It's the same. |
00:44:12 |
The same! |
00:44:13 |
It's a fleet! |
00:44:14 |
It's another bunch of them. |
00:44:18 |
It's the same guys. |
00:44:21 |
They had a bad day. |
00:44:25 |
That wine company went bankrupt. |
00:44:29 |
It's exactly the same. 8th Century. |
00:44:33 |
Same guy caught the same storm, |
00:44:40 |
This one is more laid out, |
00:44:43 |
More scattered. |
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Bonus! |
00:44:55 |
Definitely! |
00:44:58 |
A survey reveals a ship early similar |
00:45:04 |
facing west, |
00:45:09 |
But here, more small personal items |
00:45:13 |
Ah, Now, there's a bowl. |
00:45:16 |
There's a dish or something. |
00:45:18 |
These could help confirm |
00:45:21 |
Zoom down, zoom. |
00:45:23 |
Keep going. Focus stop. |
00:45:28 |
Boy have we got some work to do! |
00:45:35 |
For the next few days, |
00:46:39 |
Oh, that's a beauty, a little cooking pot... |
00:46:45 |
This is terrific. |
00:46:46 |
I thought this thing was too big to be |
00:46:53 |
and it's for grinding different kinds |
00:46:57 |
and putting it in the stew. |
00:47:02 |
Great! |
00:47:10 |
It's swinging. Don't go overboard. |
00:47:19 |
Now we're getting slightly |
00:47:22 |
Yeah, this one looks like about |
00:47:27 |
I'm not an archeologist |
00:47:30 |
but maybe our students can be |
00:47:35 |
Are these the ones you want |
00:47:36 |
or should we put them back |
00:47:38 |
I think we like these! |
00:47:40 |
You've got people |
00:47:42 |
and people who wanna build stuff |
00:47:47 |
And of course the technologies |
00:47:50 |
lend themselves beautifully to this. |
00:47:59 |
Let me look at that. See this? |
00:48:01 |
Looks like a candlestick holder. |
00:48:03 |
Yeah, well, |
00:48:07 |
See, actually the way this |
00:48:12 |
This is most likely a little chalice |
00:48:18 |
incense to the protectors, |
00:48:23 |
They may well have held it this way, |
00:48:27 |
and others would be raising |
00:48:30 |
to Baal - Baal Hadad or Baal Zafon, |
00:48:37 |
Day 14. |
00:48:39 |
Jason's final load yields a distinctly |
00:48:48 |
So that's the clincher. |
00:48:50 |
We've been looking for something |
00:48:55 |
That cinches is for a Phoenician ship, |
00:48:59 |
a Phoenician crew, |
00:49:05 |
This wine decanter, with its fanciful |
00:49:11 |
It crowns the final act of a drama |
00:49:21 |
They may well have set sail |
00:49:25 |
two ships laden with fine wine |
00:49:31 |
Their destination? |
00:49:33 |
Perhaps the Egypt of the Pharaohs. |
00:49:35 |
Or their wine-thirsty compatriots in |
00:49:46 |
To bless their journey, they would |
00:49:50 |
invoking the gods and perfuming |
00:49:58 |
For a time, they may have felt |
00:50:03 |
A gentle sea guided |
00:50:27 |
Then suddenly it seemed |
00:50:32 |
And no prayer, |
00:51:10 |
For those who waited on the home |
00:51:18 |
No matter how hard they prayed, |
00:51:20 |
the ships would never reappear |
00:51:24 |
The fate of their loved ones |
00:51:34 |
Yet centuries later, |
00:51:36 |
two modern-day explorers have raised |
00:51:40 |
and added a new chapter |
00:51:47 |
As future expeditions are planned, |
00:51:49 |
the promise of deep-sea archeology |
00:51:55 |
For who knows how much history |
00:52:00 |
just waiting to be discovered? |