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National Geographic Pearl Harbor Legacy of Attack
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They were 18, or 19, or 20 years old |
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sailors in a tropical paradise. |
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They didn't know that |
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another group of young men |
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while they slept. |
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Their paths would cross |
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on a Sunday morning in December. |
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And in one terrifying instant, |
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The legacy of what happened |
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still haunts us today. |
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In the fiirst images |
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an underwater cemetery |
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In the search for a top secret |
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that was sunk about |
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The submarine's heading north |
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and in the quest to learn |
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And most of all, it still lives on |
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who were there when everything changed. |
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Just a young kid when this happened, |
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I lost a lot of my friends. |
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"I reached down to try and help him |
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"But I hope it never happens again. |
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Nobody will ever know |
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except somebody |
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They never had a chance. |
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They didn't know what was coming. |
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They never woke up." |
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This is the story of a day |
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when the history of the world |
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at a sleepy little port in Hawaii |
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Pearl Harbor, Hawaii |
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in the fiirst summer |
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Sixty years ago, on this island, |
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perhaps the most one sided battle |
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It plunged the United States into war |
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and, in the space of |
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took the lives of 2400 Americans. |
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Ever since that day, Pearl Harbor |
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Many of the men |
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have returned at least once, |
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and to pay their respects to friends |
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"We remember December 7th, 1941, |
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when so many gave their last devotion |
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"Well, it was kinda hard, |
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because I couldn't do anything |
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I was only 5ft 3, weighed 125lb. |
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My battle station was the number 2 |
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and I couldn't even pick up |
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"How can this ever happen? |
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One of the strongest navies |
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and we're sitting here |
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We got caught, period." |
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It was one of the best assignments |
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A sailor joining the Pacifiic Fleet |
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lots of sunshine, and plenty of things |
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In the Atlantic theater, |
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Europe had been at war |
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Hitler's soldiers occupied Paris. |
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London was being blitzed |
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For sailors stationed in the Pacifiic, |
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yet most Americans new next to nothing |
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who were thought to be |
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quaint little people ruled by |
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In reality, Japan was |
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that had signed a pact |
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Japanese troops brutally occupied |
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and were poised to move against |
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But the United States Pacifiic Fleet |
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and early in 1941, |
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the Japanese military decided |
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Why would Japan want to go to war |
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What Japan wanted was the oilfiields |
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What they wanted was the tin |
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They wanted the Philippines |
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Nobody thought that they would ever |
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That's how you achieve surprise in war. |
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You attack where nobody expects it. |
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It was the brainchild of a 57 year old |
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named Isoroku Yamamato. |
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Yamamato decided to strike |
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at anchor in the cramped, |
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Yamamato, he'd studied |
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he'd gone to Harvard, |
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And he said at one point, |
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I don't care if we march troops |
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We're not gonna conquer |
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He planned the attack |
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if we're gonna have any chance |
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we've gotta destroy |
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and that'll give us six months to |
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and we can build up a defensive barrier |
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that will be very diffiicult |
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And at some point |
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Keep your gains. |
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In the spring of 1941, |
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although only a handful of |
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A talented pilot named Minoru Genda |
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how to inflict maximum damage |
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especially its battleships and carriers |
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Genda decided that a combination |
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and torpedos modifiied |
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would have the best chance of success. |
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Late that summer and into the fall, |
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Japanese pilots trained |
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They rehearsed the low altitude |
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they would need over the harbor. |
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They practiced strafiing runs |
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By fall, Yamamoto's plan had evolved |
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that would require six carriers, |
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and, almost as an afterthought |
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Those fiive midget submarines |
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played a curious and little known part |
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and an expedition is getting underway |
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One of the tiny subs almost cost Japan |
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And that's the one undersea explorer |
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For the man who found |
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this search represents |
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It's one of the smallest ships |
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and, no one really knows where it sank |
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Joining him will be a man who was |
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six decades ago Kichiji Dewa. |
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The midget they'll be looking for |
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well before the attack started, |
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and should have alerted |
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Gentleman, I'd like to introduce |
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Good morning, good morning. |
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Will Lehner and Russ Reetz were there |
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For Ballard, the expedition |
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to clear up |
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Well I think most people think that |
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the fiirst shot was fiired by the Japanese |
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and descended on our sleeping fleet |
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but in fact the fiirst shot |
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and it was fiired by a U.S. Destroyer. |
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And not only was it the fiirst shots |
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it should have alerted us to that |
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I fiind it incredibly ironic that |
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of this Japanese submarine |
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did not alert us |
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Ballard's tight schedule only allows |
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sponsored by National Geographic |
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but the search area isn't too large, |
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and he does have the right equipment. |
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Now, all he needs is a little luck |
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November 26th, 1941. |
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The Japanese armada slipped out of port |
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Six carriers were grouped |
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surrounded by a protective ring of |
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some 30 ships in all. |
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Because the success of the mission |
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taking the Americans totally |
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their route would take them well north |
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If another ship spotted them, |
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and possibly called off. |
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Strict radio silence was maintained |
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as the attack force moved into |
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Five Japanese submarines were already |
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Each mother sub, as it was called, |
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lashed to its afterdeck |
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Together, they made up the most |
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of the strike force. |
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The Japanese wanted to put everything |
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and they had midget submarines and so |
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Now there were people |
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that objected strongly to that. |
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'Don't bring submarines into |
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in the fiirst place, |
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and in the second place they're not |
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and in the third place |
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that's going to tip off the Americans |
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And it's going to put the Americans |
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all across Pearl Harbor |
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So don't use them.' |
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But they did use them. |
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Each midget sub would carry |
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ten hand picked, |
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who were prepared to die |
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On the night before the attack |
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wait on the bottom |
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then fiire their two torpedos |
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If circumstances permitted, |
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they would try to leave the harbor |
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But no one really expected |
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They were young, |
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they were courageous, |
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they were ready to go out |
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And it wasn't a suicide mission. |
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Nobody said that quite that way |
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a suicide mission and these guys |
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There was no sense of |
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Everyone felt that |
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by taking part in a military action |
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though I felt that |
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Day one of the search |
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about two miles outside the narrow |
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It was here somewhere |
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was patrolling in the early hours |
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I was thinking we were |
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but Russ said we were |
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It's the history that tells you |
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and so you have to steep yourself |
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and you have to read |
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because a lot of history's conflicting. |
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One book will say one thing, |
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and so you have to fiind out well |
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and where is the uncertainty? |
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Here the uncertainty was |
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where were they exactly |
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Coming in from another direction |
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Well you know after the war, |
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this became a dumping site |
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they dumped something |
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so basically what you have down here |
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We don't know what the currents |
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we don't know what the visibility |
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We don't know how the ships |
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So today is a big learning curve. |
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Day one of our expedition. |
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Ballard decides the work will go faster |
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a remotely operated vehicle |
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It's an imaging RO V. |
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we can cover a lot of ground quick |
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So it's just a good way to go. |
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Little Herc is tethered behind |
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a bulkier imaging system |
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and the two vehicles |
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In the control room, the team gets |
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What's this coming up? |
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No. A piece of pipe. |
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This is really exciting every little |
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Well it looks like these are |
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there's a whole bunch of 'em. |
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As the fiirst few days of the search |
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they've seen a lot of debris |
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Saturday night |
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Sailors on shore leave fiilled the bars |
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The usual Saturday night crowd |
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At Hickam fiield, the airplanes |
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And, in the harbor, the warships of the |
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California, Oklahoma, Maryland |
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Arizona, Nevada. |
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The last day of peace |
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was coming to an end. |
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December 7th 1941 |
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Ten miles away from the mouth |
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the fiive mother submarines prepared |
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The Japanese crews could see |
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and make out strains of jazz |
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Each of the submariners |
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Sadamu Kamida was a quiet |
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"Forgive this negligent son for not |
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We are soon to be dispatched |
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Should anything happen to me, |
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should I fail to write, |
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for it means I am well and discharging |
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Goodbye." |
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The night before they left, |
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his crewman Kamida, |
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normally enlisted men couldn't enter. |
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We ate a farewell dinner. |
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Later there was a small party |
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Dewa watched his friends |
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and spoke to Yokoyama one last time |
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I said something like, |
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I didn't say anything special, |
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just words of parting said |
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Even though the fact that they wouldn't |
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we didn't talk about it. |
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The midget carried by Dewa's submarine |
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was the fiirst to leave released |
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By 3 a.m., all the midgets were |
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except the one skippered |
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He was having trouble |
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Without it, he'd have to |
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and risk being spotted by |
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You're sneaking into a harbor and |
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and let the Americans know that |
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And so you must be extremely nervous. |
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You've got to be just |
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And thenthe fiirst missed opportunity |
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At 3:42 a.m., an offiicer |
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spotted a periscope in the water, |
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Condor alerted the ward |
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patrolling the approaches |
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"I remember about 3, |
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we, skipper called general quarters |
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I don't remember the exact time |
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And we thought what kind of skipper |
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and now we've got general quarters |
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gonna start drilling us |
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remember, |
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that skipper was gonna be a tough one |
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but he was one of the best skippers |
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But the ward's new skipper |
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and went to look in the wrong place. |
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The one thing Japanese planners |
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Four hours before the attack |
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And nothing happened. |
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Sunday, December 7 around dawn. |
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Aboard the six aircraft carriers, |
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the pilots and planes of |
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Yamamato's plan called for |
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the fiirst to reach Honolulu |
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The second to follow within the hour. |
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It meant getting the right aircraft |
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each wave would take about |
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The fiirst to go were |
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armed with machine guns and cannon. |
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The dreaded Zeroes. |
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Then 49 Nakajima bombers "Kates" |
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each carrying a single |
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51 Aichi dive bombers were |
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And, fiinally, another 40 "Kates" |
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At about 6:20 am, the planes |
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At almost the same time |
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the U.S. Navy got its second report |
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At 6:30 a.m., |
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spotted another submarine periscope, |
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Once again the ward raced |
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and this time, the destroyer found |
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This submarine started to surface |
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right at the rail, |
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I thought, |
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Then the skipper took after |
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And of course we didn't know it |
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but later on hetold us that |
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but he said, this is my fiirst ship |
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And then all of a sudden number one |
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because their elevation wasn't great |
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And then number three gun fiired |
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at the waterline of the conning tower |
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It must have rang like a bell, |
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I mean it must have been |
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that went off right next to their head. |
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I mean, remember the skipper |
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and the shell hit the conning tower. |
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You would think he was, |
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Or did he? |
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Because they then began to dive, |
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And they then began to dive |
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and no sooner did they dive |
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And then they exploded and I didn't |
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but I'm told that it came up, rolled |
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After the depth chargers |
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I can't see any way |
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At 6.51 a.m., skipper William |
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radioed headquarters |
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that he had seen and fiired upon |
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He repeated the message |
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At headquarters, |
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worked its way |
| 00:27:58 |
For the second time that morning, |
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and for the second time |
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Day 10 of Ballard's search |
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and still no sign of |
| 00:28:23 |
We were patrolling along in here. |
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The submarine was coming this way, |
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Why was this one on the surface? |
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Maybe he's not sure but maybe |
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they are looking |
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So far, Ballard has covered |
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in an area called the flats |
| 00:28:58 |
So far they've seen a lot of debris, |
| 00:29:08 |
Each time they pick up |
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it turns out to be something else. |
| 00:29:16 |
A crumpled seaplane, used by |
| 00:29:25 |
a Grumman Hellcat fighter. |
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Then part of a similar type of |
| 00:29:32 |
captured later in the war, |
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And, fiinally, |
| 00:29:45 |
"You think so? Yeah, |
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It's a tracked vehicle. |
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Another day's search is |
| 00:30:02 |
Well we've exhausted all our targets. |
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there's nothing left to look at. |
| 00:30:07 |
Alright, well, the only thing left is |
| 00:30:10 |
and that the sub does so |
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let's call it a wrap and pull it up, |
| 00:30:14 |
Out of the pool. |
| 00:30:24 |
Well, it's not out on the flats |
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so the only place left is |
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So tomorrow we'll come out |
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next to the channel |
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which we couldn't do with |
| 00:30:43 |
They've used up most of |
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with nothing to show for it. |
| 00:30:48 |
For Bob Ballard and his team, |
| 00:30:57 |
December 7th, 1941 |
| 00:31:02 |
A mobile radar station |
| 00:31:05 |
picked up the signal of |
| 00:31:08 |
approaching the island from the north. |
| 00:31:14 |
They were less than 140 miles away, |
| 00:31:22 |
A telephone call went immediately |
| 00:31:25 |
40 miles to the southeast. |
| 00:31:30 |
The call was routed to |
| 00:31:33 |
who passed it on to a Lieutenant Tyler |
| 00:31:40 |
Tyler told the radar operators |
| 00:31:45 |
In his mind, it was just |
| 00:31:48 |
due in from the mainland. |
| 00:31:54 |
For the third time that day, |
| 00:31:58 |
and for the third time, |
| 00:32:03 |
It was 7:15 am. |
| 00:32:08 |
At 7:40 a.m., the fiirst wave of |
| 00:32:12 |
guided by the signal from |
| 00:32:18 |
The bombers and torpedo planes |
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5,000 feet above them, |
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The fiirst wave began to break up |
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one to fly inland towards |
| 00:32:41 |
the other to move down |
| 00:32:50 |
They were the only planes in the sky. |
| 00:32:54 |
There was no sign whatsoever |
| 00:32:55 |
that the Americans knew |
| 00:33:05 |
At 7:50 a.m., the fiirst wave |
| 00:33:12 |
Among their fiirst targets |
| 00:33:14 |
Hickam airfiield |
| 00:33:42 |
Clarence Minor was an airman |
| 00:33:47 |
After all that noise on the tin roof |
| 00:33:52 |
And looked up and I saw this airplane |
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and I said 'oh shit! ' |
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And then all hell all over the place |
| 00:34:05 |
Bombs dropping and machine guns fiiring, |
| 00:34:09 |
those things are so darned low |
| 00:34:17 |
Ralph Lindenmyer was also |
| 00:34:20 |
7:55 in the morning, |
| 00:34:24 |
And I looked up at the clock |
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and felt it and I said |
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And when I looked out the window, |
| 00:34:35 |
and I saw the meatball |
| 00:34:38 |
and i could look into the pilot's face |
| 00:34:47 |
Anchored on pier 1010 was |
| 00:34:50 |
where 19 year old Charles Christiensen |
| 00:34:56 |
And I thought oh |
| 00:34:59 |
I wonder what happened. |
| 00:35:00 |
And I opened the port hole up |
| 00:35:05 |
out there you know and oh boy was there |
| 00:35:09 |
I thought 'oh my goodness, |
| 00:35:11 |
something is really bad |
| 00:35:18 |
It took a while |
| 00:35:20 |
to comprehend what was happening. |
| 00:35:26 |
Bert Davis, |
| 00:35:29 |
thought it was some kind of |
| 00:35:33 |
That's where I was standing |
| 00:35:36 |
I was standing there shining my shoes, |
| 00:35:42 |
Came in and came right straight |
| 00:35:45 |
and I thought to myself |
| 00:35:48 |
holding maneuvers on a day like this? |
| 00:35:56 |
While the dive bombers |
| 00:35:58 |
the torpedo planes descended |
| 00:36:04 |
and took dead aim at battleship row. |
| 00:36:12 |
Aboard the Argonne, |
| 00:36:13 |
Charles Christiensen had a perfect |
| 00:36:17 |
He's coming in almost straight |
| 00:36:22 |
And he's low enough that he's |
| 00:36:27 |
which puts him maybe eye level |
| 00:36:30 |
And I can see the man's face. |
| 00:36:33 |
He's got his helmet on, |
| 00:36:35 |
and he's looking over the side. |
| 00:36:37 |
And when he straightened that |
| 00:36:40 |
he dropped that torpedo. |
| 00:36:42 |
And I thought |
| 00:36:45 |
And that torpedo just went as straight |
| 00:36:54 |
This photo, taken from a Japanese plane |
| 00:36:58 |
just after the attack began. |
| 00:37:01 |
The ripples emanating outward are |
| 00:37:11 |
George Smith was below deck |
| 00:37:15 |
when general quarters sounded. |
| 00:37:17 |
All of a sudden a guy |
| 00:37:19 |
and just says 'no shit, move it! ' |
| 00:37:22 |
And then we got a torpedo. |
| 00:37:24 |
I was really so scared I didn't know |
| 00:37:32 |
The Oklahoma started to capsize |
| 00:37:37 |
When they said abandon ship, |
| 00:37:38 |
the only way we could get out |
| 00:37:42 |
We went out there and the ship |
| 00:37:46 |
Maybe we jumped about 5 feet |
| 00:37:50 |
But when you turn around and see |
| 00:37:53 |
you swim for all you can swim |
| 00:37:57 |
Because we know we had to |
| 00:38:00 |
they were coming over next on us. |
| 00:38:05 |
It went over so fast |
| 00:38:08 |
I didn't know, but I was sure |
| 00:38:11 |
Because it, |
| 00:38:14 |
And there it was keel up. |
| 00:38:19 |
George Smith had just been released |
| 00:38:22 |
for going ashore without leave |
| 00:38:26 |
And when the ship got the torpedo. |
| 00:38:27 |
The brig was in the carpenter shop |
| 00:38:30 |
and when the torpedo hit, it broke |
| 00:38:36 |
pinned the guard against the wall, |
| 00:38:38 |
the bulkhead, and he couldn't release |
| 00:38:42 |
and they all drowned. |
| 00:38:45 |
On the far side of Ford Island, |
| 00:38:47 |
the old battleship Utah also got hit |
| 00:38:53 |
Clark Simmons worked on the Utah |
| 00:38:56 |
And as I looked out the port, |
| 00:39:01 |
And as she dropped her torpedo |
| 00:39:07 |
and then he straightened up, |
| 00:39:10 |
and another one right behind it |
| 00:39:19 |
And we knew it was just a matter of |
| 00:39:24 |
And actually it took eight minutes, |
| 00:39:26 |
and eight minutes to the ship, |
| 00:39:28 |
She had turned turtle |
| 00:39:33 |
As the lines began to part, |
| 00:39:35 |
came over the side and began |
| 00:39:40 |
and as we were swimming they were |
| 00:39:46 |
From this direction and when they came |
| 00:39:50 |
from that direction also. |
| 00:39:58 |
I saw fellows yelling and screaming, |
| 00:40:01 |
some of fellows was in the water |
| 00:40:05 |
It was just, it was so chaotic, |
| 00:40:12 |
But the biggest blow was yet to come. |
| 00:40:18 |
Lying inboard of the repair ship vestal |
| 00:40:26 |
High overhead a Kate released |
| 00:40:30 |
that drifted down towards |
| 00:40:41 |
It was ten minutes after eight. |
| 00:40:56 |
A motion picture camera |
| 00:41:15 |
In that instant, |
| 00:41:28 |
Stu Hedly was on the West Virginia, |
| 00:41:32 |
One gigantic explosion. |
| 00:41:34 |
Now when we fiired the 16 inch, |
| 00:41:39 |
it sounds like thunder |
| 00:41:42 |
But this didn't sound like no thunder. |
| 00:41:45 |
This was one gigantic explosion. |
| 00:41:48 |
The stern of our ship |
| 00:41:52 |
but at the same time |
| 00:41:55 |
we were starting to list. |
| 00:41:57 |
But we saw about 32 men flying |
| 00:42:05 |
Oil from the fully fueled Arizona |
| 00:42:13 |
The heat was so intense even sailors |
| 00:42:18 |
So Clausen and I stripped |
| 00:42:21 |
and jumped in and swam underwater. |
| 00:42:23 |
Now we're not underwater swimmers. |
| 00:42:25 |
But we swam underwater that day |
| 00:42:27 |
because that was the hottest breath |
| 00:42:32 |
because that was the oil |
| 00:42:40 |
The bomb had penetrated |
| 00:42:43 |
and ignited more than |
| 00:42:49 |
Those who were still alive |
| 00:42:54 |
They were in this oil |
| 00:42:57 |
They were trying to swim out of it. |
| 00:42:59 |
They'd come up and trying |
| 00:43:01 |
Their eyes, the white of their eyes |
| 00:43:06 |
I, I can just see it today. |
| 00:43:08 |
The skin on their face |
| 00:43:11 |
And on top of that all of this oil, |
| 00:43:23 |
Bert Davis went out in a whaleboat |
| 00:43:27 |
Oh God it was horrible. |
| 00:43:30 |
This one fellow started to reach up to |
| 00:43:35 |
on the boat from the outside |
| 00:43:38 |
And I took him by the arm |
| 00:43:41 |
the skin came, all came off. |
| 00:43:49 |
He was dead by the time |
| 00:44:00 |
Thirty fiive minutes |
| 00:44:03 |
the fiirst wave flew away, |
| 00:44:05 |
leaving behind more than a thousand |
| 00:44:09 |
many of them teenagers, |
| 00:44:12 |
when Arizona exploded and sank |
| 00:44:30 |
Six decades after the attack |
| 00:44:33 |
the Arizona still lies where she sank |
| 00:44:37 |
Most of their bodies |
| 00:44:45 |
Her superstructure was removed |
| 00:44:49 |
Only the mount of her number |
| 00:44:56 |
The Arizona was built nearly |
| 00:44:59 |
and she's spent more than |
| 00:45:06 |
The national park service, |
| 00:45:10 |
which is responsible for maintaining |
| 00:45:14 |
periodically checks on her condition |
| 00:45:25 |
her passageways and hatches |
| 00:45:30 |
her 14 inch guns. |
| 00:45:39 |
The interior of the ship |
| 00:45:42 |
so it's never been investigated |
| 00:45:53 |
With the help of a tiny RO V |
| 00:45:57 |
workers will get their fiirst glimpse |
| 00:46:00 |
deep inside the ship |
| 00:46:12 |
The initial survey reveals that |
| 00:46:19 |
And that may portend |
| 00:46:22 |
because of something happening |
| 00:46:30 |
The Arizona has been leaking |
| 00:46:34 |
ever since she sank |
| 00:46:37 |
the remaining fuel tanks of the ship's |
| 00:46:42 |
Current estimates are that there is |
| 00:46:46 |
possibly in the bunkers |
| 00:46:48 |
And so with current technology |
| 00:00:05 |
and the internal portions of the ship. |
| 00:00:07 |
And so that is what we're trying to do |
| 00:00:09 |
there a way |
| 00:00:16 |
Today, the oil has begun to leak |
| 00:00:21 |
To understand the extent of |
| 00:00:24 |
the park service is conducting |
| 00:00:31 |
Dan Lenihan is a park service diver |
| 00:00:36 |
If it's all released at once, |
| 00:00:44 |
For the park service, the challenge |
| 00:00:48 |
An oil spill in the middle |
| 00:00:58 |
There's no excuse |
| 00:01:01 |
There's no excuse for not knowing |
| 00:01:04 |
that is would go to the point that |
| 00:01:07 |
we would have a travesty like that |
| 00:01:11 |
We need to get ahead of it |
| 00:01:19 |
The problem is complicated by |
| 00:01:23 |
and by the oil's symbolic meaning. |
| 00:01:26 |
Many visitors and survivors to |
| 00:01:29 |
consider the oil to either be the tears |
| 00:01:32 |
we'll also be dealing with |
| 00:01:34 |
that people have about |
| 00:01:39 |
It'll be a balance between what |
| 00:01:43 |
and protecting the tomb, |
| 00:01:55 |
Joining the park service |
| 00:01:58 |
underwater photographer |
| 00:02:01 |
Even though parts of the Arizona |
| 00:02:04 |
and the rest is slowly corroding |
| 00:02:12 |
These huge naval rifles. |
| 00:02:14 |
They could fiire something that weighed |
| 00:02:16 |
something almost the weight of |
| 00:02:20 |
The Arizona, in fact every battleship, |
| 00:02:34 |
We gotta fiind out number 31. |
| 00:02:38 |
Hidden in the oily murk of |
| 00:02:41 |
gun turret number one was forgotten |
| 00:02:46 |
Now Doubilet is trying to document |
| 00:02:49 |
for National Geographic Magazine. |
| 00:02:52 |
Almost every problem that |
| 00:02:56 |
One foot fall, a fiin stroke, |
| 00:03:02 |
and the clouds would billow out of |
| 00:03:05 |
and the visibility would drop instantly |
| 00:03:07 |
from a my wonderful 7 feet or 5 feet |
| 00:03:19 |
The guns are as long as a bus, |
| 00:03:22 |
and bringing enough light down here to |
| 00:03:29 |
Doubilet needs a crew of six people, |
| 00:03:36 |
His moody images recall |
| 00:03:44 |
I think I got the shot. |
| 00:03:46 |
The shot of the three main guns |
| 00:03:50 |
And they come out of the gloom |
| 00:03:54 |
and I'm looking up at them with |
| 00:03:58 |
It's very gloomy, it's very dark |
| 00:04:00 |
And Dan Lenihan from the Park Service |
| 00:04:05 |
the central barrel of the guns |
| 00:04:08 |
it's a very gloomy, |
| 00:04:22 |
To its survivors, the Arizona is |
| 00:04:28 |
This national park is probably |
| 00:04:31 |
that has the intense emotional reaction |
| 00:04:36 |
And the survivors have taught me that. |
| 00:04:38 |
I mean the survivors have really |
| 00:04:42 |
And I'm probably the strongest |
| 00:04:46 |
after having worked here |
| 00:04:49 |
I think this place can really teach |
| 00:04:51 |
what the price of war is |
| 00:05:00 |
Inside the memorial |
| 00:05:01 |
a wall lists the 1177 service men |
| 00:05:09 |
Every returning survivor knew someone |
| 00:05:23 |
They never had a chance. |
| 00:05:24 |
They didn't know what was coming. |
| 00:05:26 |
Nobody knew about it. |
| 00:05:35 |
Aloha, aloha. |
| 00:05:38 |
I was going to ask you for a hug |
| 00:05:41 |
Big, big hug. |
| 00:05:45 |
I thought maybe that you wouldn't |
| 00:05:49 |
I do, I do. |
| 00:05:51 |
Carl Carson was a |
| 00:05:55 |
the day she went down. |
| 00:05:57 |
He decided to come back to |
| 00:05:58 |
when doctors told him |
| 00:06:04 |
"I lost a lot of good dear friends |
| 00:06:08 |
It's just awful hard to |
| 00:06:12 |
And I almost lost my own life. |
| 00:06:15 |
I hope I can make it |
| 00:06:29 |
Carl has never talked very much about |
| 00:06:39 |
Now, at last, it's time. |
| 00:06:43 |
"This is where I came out of, |
| 00:06:47 |
Came back on this. |
| 00:06:49 |
There used to be ladders up and down |
| 00:06:51 |
and I came up the turret |
| 00:06:54 |
I was out on deck doing |
| 00:06:58 |
all of a sudden this plane come along |
| 00:07:03 |
because planes were landing at |
| 00:07:07 |
And all of a sudden the chips |
| 00:07:09 |
and the plane it was strafiing me. |
| 00:07:13 |
And uh somebody hollered it's |
| 00:07:22 |
The bomb went off, I learned later, |
| 00:07:24 |
it was back about turret number 4 |
| 00:07:26 |
about where I've been working |
| 00:07:31 |
And evidently it knocked me out, |
| 00:07:34 |
ruptured both my lungs |
| 00:07:38 |
And all the lights went out. |
| 00:07:40 |
I don't know how long I laid there. |
| 00:07:42 |
But when I woke up it was no panic |
| 00:07:45 |
But there was smoke |
| 00:07:48 |
I ran into a friend of mine that he |
| 00:07:55 |
And I looked at him in horror. |
| 00:07:58 |
And the skin on his face and his arms |
| 00:08:01 |
and everything was just hanging off |
| 00:08:07 |
And I took hold of his arm. |
| 00:08:16 |
And there, there was just nothing |
| 00:08:20 |
And that has bothered me all my life. |
| 00:08:31 |
Well they gave the word |
| 00:08:34 |
and we just practically stepped off |
| 00:08:38 |
and I guess I must have passed out. |
| 00:08:42 |
And went down in the water and |
| 00:08:47 |
that it would have been |
| 00:08:49 |
And I saw this bright light |
| 00:08:55 |
And so I got back up to the surface |
| 00:08:59 |
And I had water in my, oil in my teeth, |
| 00:09:05 |
Tasted horrible. |
| 00:09:09 |
And the oil was a fiire all around. |
| 00:09:16 |
A man saw me down there |
| 00:09:19 |
wasn't but two feet from me |
| 00:09:22 |
and he reached down and pulled me up |
| 00:09:24 |
And that man saved my life. |
| 00:09:38 |
Bob Ballard has spent |
| 00:09:40 |
searching the flats |
| 00:09:42 |
without fiinding any sign |
| 00:09:47 |
This is a mile, |
| 00:09:50 |
we are going to drop you down here |
| 00:09:56 |
Now he's turning his attention |
| 00:09:59 |
running roughly parallel to the shore |
| 00:10:04 |
In an expedition like this |
| 00:10:05 |
you have to put your mind in the mind |
| 00:10:10 |
because his actions are gonna |
| 00:10:15 |
What he does at that moment |
| 00:10:19 |
how big a search area |
| 00:10:22 |
Clearly if he was killed outright |
| 00:10:24 |
then you didn't have to |
| 00:10:26 |
because he's dead and he's going |
| 00:10:30 |
But if he's still alive, he's going to |
| 00:10:34 |
and you have to then say, |
| 00:10:35 |
well if I were that person, |
| 00:10:38 |
And there were two options he had. |
| 00:10:40 |
One was to continue forward |
| 00:10:43 |
or the other was to turn and run |
| 00:10:47 |
If the midget made a run for |
| 00:10:51 |
there's no hope of fiinding it |
| 00:10:58 |
But if it had continued |
| 00:11:00 |
Ballard's team might stand a chance |
| 00:11:03 |
with the help of their own |
| 00:11:13 |
"Head north turn left." |
| 00:11:25 |
The one disadvantage of |
| 00:11:28 |
is that Ballard's team won't |
| 00:11:30 |
what the sub pilot is seeing |
| 00:11:32 |
They'll have to rely on |
| 00:11:35 |
and look at a videotape later. |
| 00:11:41 |
We've landed the sub. |
| 00:11:43 |
It's going to land about 200m of water, |
| 00:11:48 |
As you can see the airport's right there |
| 00:11:51 |
and it's going to run into a wall, |
| 00:11:52 |
and then it's going to head west |
| 00:11:56 |
because if the submarine |
| 00:11:59 |
it's going to fall down to the base. |
| 00:12:00 |
So we're going to spend the day |
| 00:12:03 |
that leads right up the channel |
| 00:12:10 |
To me deepworkers look like |
| 00:12:14 |
They've got a human inside of them |
| 00:12:15 |
but they have this big, |
| 00:12:18 |
But what they do is they permit |
| 00:12:22 |
They can spin on their axis. |
| 00:12:24 |
And they can go into very dangerous |
| 00:12:48 |
In the control room, all anyone |
| 00:13:02 |
They just reported fiinding |
| 00:13:06 |
and this submarine was |
| 00:13:09 |
So, starting to look like, |
| 00:13:22 |
Then the sub pilot spots a torpedo. |
| 00:13:25 |
We're right where |
| 00:13:29 |
and it is getting interesting. |
| 00:13:30 |
He's picked up a torpedo |
| 00:13:35 |
where we'd expect the submarine |
| 00:13:42 |
Ballard feels they are getting close |
| 00:13:45 |
until they retrieve deepworker |
| 00:14:01 |
December 7th, 8:35 a.m. |
| 00:14:06 |
twenty minute lull in the action. |
| 00:14:11 |
At airfiields all over the island, |
| 00:14:13 |
crews scrambled to clear the runways |
| 00:14:21 |
Anti aircraft guns were made ready. |
| 00:14:27 |
Field hospitals were set up to |
| 00:14:30 |
many of them burn victims. |
| 00:14:37 |
The fiirst stories of individual acts |
| 00:14:43 |
One of them was about |
| 00:14:47 |
named Dorrie Miller. |
| 00:14:50 |
Miller had carried the wounded |
| 00:14:53 |
then taken up a machine gun and shot |
| 00:15:10 |
What made the story remarkable is that |
| 00:15:12 |
Dorrie Miller had never handled |
| 00:15:14 |
much less trained on one |
| 00:15:17 |
and like all African Americans |
| 00:15:21 |
restricted to the lowest ranking jobs. |
| 00:15:29 |
Fourteen men received America's |
| 00:15:33 |
the medal of honor |
| 00:15:34 |
for their heroism on that day |
| 00:15:42 |
He got the Navy cross instead. |
| 00:15:44 |
The only reason why he didn't get |
| 00:15:47 |
is because he was black |
| 00:15:49 |
You know the Navy being |
| 00:15:52 |
you only could be a servant |
| 00:15:58 |
He never gave any thought for |
| 00:16:01 |
he grabbed a machine gun and started |
| 00:16:06 |
What he did was courageous |
| 00:16:10 |
that man should have been given |
| 00:16:17 |
Two years after Pearl Harbor, |
| 00:16:19 |
Dorrie Miller died |
| 00:16:22 |
torpedoed by a Japanese submarine. |
| 00:16:36 |
Pearl Harbor 8:55 a.m. |
| 00:16:39 |
The seas were still boiling |
| 00:16:42 |
when the second wave of the Japanese |
| 00:16:51 |
This time, 167 aircraft split into |
| 00:16:57 |
One headed inland. |
| 00:17:01 |
The other hugged the eastern coast, |
| 00:17:10 |
But this time, |
| 00:17:44 |
The smoke in the harbor |
| 00:17:46 |
the Japanese pilots had trouble |
| 00:17:52 |
One of their targets was |
| 00:17:54 |
with a hole in her side, |
| 00:18:03 |
Dive bombers honed in |
| 00:18:06 |
If they could sink the battleship now, |
| 00:18:08 |
it might block the channel |
| 00:18:14 |
With all of these planes coming in |
| 00:18:20 |
the planes come in, |
| 00:18:22 |
It looked like bees |
| 00:18:24 |
There were so many of them in there |
| 00:18:27 |
that it was amazing that |
| 00:18:35 |
With bombs falling all around, |
| 00:18:37 |
Nevada's commander was able to run |
| 00:18:41 |
which kept her from sinking |
| 00:18:50 |
By ten o'clock it was over. |
| 00:18:53 |
He second wave of attackers |
| 00:18:56 |
leaving behind |
| 00:19:03 |
December 7th 1941 a date |
| 00:19:14 |
the United Sates of America was |
| 00:19:21 |
by naval and air forces of |
| 00:19:27 |
The United States was at peace |
| 00:19:32 |
On the mainland, Americans were |
| 00:19:35 |
they we're hearing from Pearl Harbor. |
| 00:19:37 |
Every American alive over 65 years of |
| 00:19:42 |
where they were and what they were |
| 00:19:46 |
It was unifying event. |
| 00:19:52 |
Nothing else could have done it |
| 00:19:54 |
"And Attacked by Japan on Sunday |
| 00:20:02 |
President Roosevelt addressed |
| 00:20:05 |
A state of war has existed |
| 00:20:10 |
between the United States |
| 00:20:17 |
And by December 11 th, |
| 00:20:19 |
the United States was at war |
| 00:20:22 |
plunging it into a conflict that would |
| 00:20:35 |
Back in Pearl Harbor, |
| 00:20:38 |
was notifying people back home |
| 00:20:42 |
The Navy told us that everybody sent |
| 00:20:46 |
letting them know |
| 00:20:49 |
Well I got one of the last postcards |
| 00:20:51 |
and I sent it home on December the 9th |
| 00:20:56 |
And my mother didn't get |
| 00:20:59 |
the fiirst week of February some time. |
| 00:21:02 |
I don't know why it took so long |
| 00:21:05 |
She didn't know |
| 00:21:08 |
When the mailman got the card |
| 00:21:11 |
he closed down the offiice |
| 00:21:15 |
He woke my mother and step father up |
| 00:21:19 |
and told them, your son's ok |
| 00:21:24 |
Ha, I still have that card. |
| 00:21:26 |
My mom she couldn't be, believe it. |
| 00:21:31 |
I get emotional when I think about it. |
| 00:21:34 |
How she says she, she felt. |
| 00:21:40 |
I just don't know |
| 00:21:51 |
Jack McCarron had been married to |
| 00:21:55 |
for seven weeks when the attack came. |
| 00:22:00 |
It wasn't until Christmas day that |
| 00:22:02 |
what had happened to her husband |
| 00:22:06 |
The Navy Department deeply regrets |
| 00:22:09 |
your husband John Harry McCarron, |
| 00:22:15 |
has been reported wounded in action |
| 00:22:21 |
and in the service of his country. |
| 00:22:24 |
This was received by me |
| 00:22:27 |
Christmas morning, |
| 00:22:36 |
Yuck You know I hate to say this |
| 00:22:44 |
that was the worst time |
| 00:22:48 |
was to have received this telegram. |
| 00:22:51 |
Because I had no idea |
| 00:22:53 |
whether or not my husband of 49 days |
| 00:23:02 |
Lying in a hospital on Oahu, |
| 00:23:05 |
Jack decided to spare his new wife |
| 00:23:12 |
I said tell Roberta to forget about me |
| 00:23:19 |
cause you know I had been burned |
| 00:23:30 |
I guess my face and my hair was only |
| 00:23:36 |
On top of which it being Christmas. |
| 00:23:40 |
I was 3000 miles away from my home. |
| 00:23:44 |
3,000 miles away from my husband. |
| 00:23:49 |
I guess I never did write to you for, |
| 00:23:58 |
The state of shock I was in |
| 00:24:02 |
Some time passed before |
| 00:24:08 |
and I was aboard ship |
| 00:24:13 |
And now I realize that if I was going |
| 00:24:26 |
My friends and shipmates took me over |
| 00:24:33 |
And they laid me alongside |
| 00:24:36 |
I looked over another ship mate laying |
| 00:24:42 |
and he was holding his intestines |
| 00:24:46 |
And he looked up at me |
| 00:24:50 |
and he said that it sure, |
| 00:24:54 |
And I said yeah it is. |
| 00:24:57 |
Well, lately I was diagnosed |
| 00:25:03 |
and I don't fiigure I have too many |
| 00:25:07 |
and I thought that perhaps I might be |
| 00:25:15 |
for my shipmates in telling my story |
| 00:25:21 |
and that's the one and only reason |
| 00:25:26 |
And I'm a kind of a private person. |
| 00:25:28 |
It's been hard to do. |
| 00:25:31 |
But I think it was time |
| 00:25:35 |
And I think it has been well worth it. |
| 00:25:38 |
I, I feel a lot better now. |
| 00:25:51 |
It's the fiinal day of the search, |
| 00:25:53 |
and Ballard has had his machines |
| 00:25:57 |
But he's not hopeful |
| 00:26:00 |
We're in the fiinal throes |
| 00:26:03 |
I mean today's the last day, we have |
| 00:26:08 |
but we're, you know |
| 00:26:11 |
because we've looked at |
| 00:26:13 |
and we haven't found |
| 00:26:15 |
We're now out in the very |
| 00:26:18 |
and that can go on forever |
| 00:26:20 |
So I'd be very surprised |
| 00:26:29 |
Deepworker returns |
| 00:26:32 |
and is hoisted out of the water |
| 00:26:56 |
With it is a videotape of the debris |
| 00:27:01 |
The news isn't encouraging. |
| 00:27:03 |
"We have a possibility |
| 00:27:13 |
A quick review of the videotape |
| 00:27:20 |
On closer examination, |
| 00:27:21 |
what had looked to the sub pilot |
| 00:27:24 |
turns out to be something else. |
| 00:27:27 |
"Looks like anti aircraft gun clips |
| 00:27:40 |
And the torpedo the pilot spotted |
| 00:27:44 |
so it can't be from |
| 00:27:48 |
You reach a moment when you know |
| 00:27:54 |
because you've given it the best shot |
| 00:27:57 |
you're going back |
| 00:28:00 |
seeing the same targets |
| 00:28:09 |
Well, we've found a bunch of junk |
| 00:28:13 |
We don't really have a defimitive set |
| 00:28:18 |
that says that the submarine broke up |
| 00:28:28 |
So... |
| 00:28:35 |
clearly the sub did not survive |
| 00:28:41 |
and did the ward play a role |
| 00:28:44 |
Certainly it did. |
| 00:28:46 |
But how did it fiinally meet its end? |
| 00:28:50 |
Gloriously in battle in Pearl Harbor? |
| 00:28:53 |
Was it sunk by someone else later on? |
| 00:28:56 |
What was it's fiinal moments? |
| 00:28:59 |
And for now we don't know |
| 00:29:11 |
The mystery of what happened to the |
| 00:29:16 |
Had it not been for |
| 00:29:18 |
on the morning |
| 00:29:26 |
In the early morning hours, |
| 00:29:27 |
a small submarine washed ashore |
| 00:29:34 |
It was the one piloted by |
| 00:29:37 |
the sub with the gyroscope problems. |
| 00:29:43 |
Sakamaki also washed ashore |
| 00:29:49 |
He was captured |
| 00:29:52 |
and thus became |
| 00:29:58 |
Of the ten submariners |
| 00:30:02 |
Sakamaki was the only one |
| 00:30:09 |
Historians have generally labeled |
| 00:30:13 |
since only one midget that we know of |
| 00:30:16 |
and was sunk during the attack |
| 00:30:22 |
But analysis of a photo taken from |
| 00:30:25 |
just as the battle began suggests |
| 00:30:31 |
It shows battleship row already under |
| 00:30:36 |
and in the water just beyond |
| 00:30:39 |
that appears to be a small submarine |
| 00:30:42 |
and the wake of a torpedo aimed |
| 00:30:52 |
While some historians |
| 00:30:54 |
that analysis could explain a message |
| 00:30:59 |
more than twelve hours |
| 00:31:03 |
It came from his friend, |
| 00:31:08 |
"Successful surprise attack" |
| 00:31:11 |
Then silence. |
| 00:31:22 |
Yokoyama's sub |
| 00:31:25 |
and neither did any of the others. |
| 00:31:34 |
For years Dewa has wondered |
| 00:31:37 |
and all the others |
| 00:31:40 |
All he knows is that somewhere, |
| 00:31:44 |
as they expected they would. |
| 00:31:54 |
Of course I hoped they would return, |
| 00:31:57 |
If I come back I'll come back |
| 00:32:01 |
and put the mother sub in danger so |
| 00:32:05 |
even if they had succeeded. |
| 00:32:11 |
Before he set out on his mission |
| 00:32:13 |
one of the submariers left behind |
| 00:32:20 |
AS THE CHERRY BLOSSOMS FALL |
| 00:32:22 |
AT THE HEIGHT OF THEIR GLORY |
| 00:32:24 |
SO, TOO, MUST I FALL |
| 00:32:27 |
THAT MEN MAY CALL ME |
| 00:32:28 |
A FLO WER OF YAMOTO, |
| 00:32:31 |
THOUGH MY BONES LIE SCATTERED |
| 00:32:33 |
IN THE BLEAK WILDERNESS |
| 00:32:35 |
OF STRANGE AND DISTANT LANDS. |
| 00:32:41 |
On the last day of his visit, |
| 00:32:46 |
to pay his respects to the Americans |
| 00:32:57 |
America and Japan must have had |
| 00:33:01 |
But after coming here and seeing |
| 00:33:05 |
I question why we had to go to war. |
| 00:33:07 |
Japan and the United States |
| 00:33:10 |
Pacifiic peace is world peace. |
| 00:33:13 |
This trip has made me feel that |
| 00:33:23 |
Jack McCarron and Carl Carson |
| 00:33:26 |
to remember their ship |
| 00:33:52 |
Underwater, the National Geographic |
| 00:33:58 |
these are the fiirst images |
| 00:34:01 |
Images from a another era, |
| 00:34:11 |
A bathroom, |
| 00:34:25 |
An offiicer's deskits papers |
| 00:34:35 |
a washbasin now fiilled with sand |
| 00:34:48 |
For Jack McCarron, the pictures of his |
| 00:34:56 |
"For over 40 years over 40 years |
| 00:35:01 |
if I was asked I couldn't talk |
| 00:35:07 |
I didn't think about it, |
| 00:35:11 |
I didn't have any memories, |
| 00:35:14 |
I really didn't |
| 00:35:18 |
I saw that barnacles on that doorknob, |
| 00:35:21 |
and the lights overhead, and I thought |
| 00:35:27 |
who was that offiicer down there, |
| 00:35:31 |
At one time that knob |
| 00:35:36 |
and he turned on that light to read. |
| 00:35:39 |
I don't remember the ship as that." |
| 00:35:56 |
The legacy lives on in a Navy ship |
| 00:36:15 |
For survivors, a journey on this ship is |
| 00:36:20 |
that have taken place over the decades |
| 00:36:28 |
and to participate in some things |
| 00:36:44 |
Wandering through the galley, |
| 00:36:46 |
Clark Simmons recalls his service |
| 00:36:52 |
There was only one duty open to you. |
| 00:36:56 |
And that was serving the offiicers. |
| 00:37:02 |
I've been very impressed by the |
| 00:37:09 |
abord the ward the young ladies. |
| 00:37:13 |
Some of the leading pay off |
| 00:37:19 |
I don't know the word should put it, |
| 00:37:23 |
the things that they have done |
| 00:37:32 |
For veterans like |
| 00:37:34 |
this is a chance to pass on |
| 00:37:37 |
to a new generation of sailors. |
| 00:37:41 |
'Oh, I look at them and I see me |
| 00:37:45 |
I was nineteen |
| 00:37:50 |
I can't even imagine it. |
| 00:37:52 |
I mean I can't imagine |
| 00:37:56 |
I can't imagine my world |
| 00:37:59 |
and my whole world to be on fiire. |
| 00:38:05 |
For three days after the attack |
| 00:38:13 |
The fiinal totals from |
| 00:38:20 |
More than 2400 deaths |
| 00:38:29 |
21 ships of the U.S. Pacifiic Fleet |
| 00:38:33 |
including all eight battleships. |
| 00:38:43 |
Over 300 airplanes had been |
| 00:38:51 |
Admiral Yamamato had accomplished |
| 00:38:54 |
except destroy the American |
| 00:39:00 |
And in the fiighting to come, that |
| 00:39:09 |
One of the best things that ever |
| 00:39:12 |
our carriers were not |
| 00:39:16 |
Yamamato sank battleships. |
| 00:39:18 |
The battleship was not the queen of |
| 00:39:23 |
From now on it's the aircraft carrier. |
| 00:39:26 |
And the attack on Pearl Harbor |
| 00:39:33 |
which comes fiirst of course, |
| 00:39:37 |
they didn't sink any aircraft carriers |
| 00:39:41 |
what was already a very bad mistake |
| 00:39:49 |
But perhaps the greatest |
| 00:39:51 |
how the defeat would |
| 00:39:55 |
Instead of a crippling blow, |
| 00:40:01 |
The next morning, |
| 00:40:05 |
and there was the ships, |
| 00:40:08 |
some of them still had the flag |
| 00:40:11 |
and at 8 o'clock guess what? |
| 00:40:13 |
These ships were sitting there |
| 00:40:16 |
its time to raise the flag |
| 00:40:20 |
everything is fiine. |
| 00:40:31 |
And then the Americans went to work |
| 00:40:37 |
Every ship that had been hit |
| 00:40:38 |
except the Arizona, Utah and Oklahoma |
| 00:40:42 |
repaired, and put back into service. |
| 00:40:48 |
Many would take part in |
| 00:40:51 |
Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima, Okinawa |
| 00:40:57 |
And so would the men |
| 00:41:01 |
I grew up in the Navy. |
| 00:41:04 |
When I came out of the Navy |
| 00:41:10 |
I actually grew up. |
| 00:41:12 |
I learned to be, you could say, |
| 00:41:19 |
When I walk with |
| 00:41:22 |
especially when I have my uniform on |
| 00:41:26 |
I represent the country and I will |
| 00:41:30 |
And I will always be proud to be |
| 00:41:39 |
Well Pearl Harbor to me is like |
| 00:41:42 |
I may be a certain age but it seemed |
| 00:41:51 |
Pearl Harbor survivors are special. |
| 00:41:54 |
They have a feeling for each other |
| 00:41:58 |
They have a comradeship that is not |
| 00:42:05 |
The only people that I've ever met |
| 00:42:07 |
that have that kind of comradeship |
| 00:42:12 |
These guys were in foxholes together, |
| 00:42:15 |
It's not a feeling of 'we showed them,' |
| 00:42:20 |
It's a feeling of we did it together, |
| 00:42:33 |
It's kind of a hallowed place. |
| 00:42:39 |
I'm amazed that it's this beautiful. |
| 00:42:43 |
And I understand that |
| 00:42:47 |
that come by to pay their respects |
| 00:42:50 |
To a lots of them I know a lot of them |
| 00:42:54 |
but to me they'll always be |
| 00:43:11 |
I don't think we'll ever be done |
| 00:43:13 |
I think Pearl Harbor is |
| 00:43:15 |
it's like Appamatox its like Lincoln's |
| 00:43:20 |
and the surrender to |
| 00:43:23 |
God help our country |
