National Geographic Secrets of the Titanic
|
00:00:04 |
It began here in ireiand at the |
00:00:12 |
Three thousand men would labor here |
00:00:16 |
They were building a monster |
00:00:18 |
the largest ship the world |
00:00:24 |
In the spring of 1909 |
00:00:26 |
a mountain of steel began to |
00:00:35 |
The ship would weigh 66,000 tons |
00:00:43 |
each of her colossal steam engines |
00:01:09 |
The huge scale of these things was |
00:01:13 |
It was a scene out of |
00:01:15 |
20 draft horses were needed to haul |
00:01:18 |
through the streets of Belfast. |
00:01:27 |
Some few observers found |
00:01:30 |
and wrote of her nightmare scale. |
00:01:33 |
But their forebodings fell short of |
00:01:37 |
for the fate of this ship still |
00:01:40 |
and her name is a synonym for tragedy. |
00:02:23 |
In 1910 the huge ship taking shape |
00:02:28 |
in world accustomed to miracles. |
00:02:30 |
Every day it seemed something bigger |
00:02:36 |
Never had so many people been so |
00:02:39 |
never had they taken such delight |
00:02:43 |
so this was called, "The Gildde Age." |
00:02:57 |
This was a time when horses |
00:03:01 |
But things were rapidly changing |
00:03:06 |
everything from rubber bands |
00:03:08 |
from lightbuibs |
00:03:14 |
Progress and prosperity |
00:03:18 |
almost anything seemed possible |
00:03:37 |
May 31st, 1911, |
00:03:40 |
the Roual Mail Ship Titanic, |
00:03:45 |
It was the largest moving object |
00:03:55 |
The Titanic was designed for |
00:03:59 |
on the North Atlantic. |
00:04:00 |
It was not only the biggest ocean liner |
00:04:02 |
it was by far the most luxurious. |
00:04:10 |
Aboard Titanic it was hard to |
00:04:14 |
Advertising the delights it offered |
00:04:19 |
"a floating palace." |
00:04:28 |
So confident were Titanic's builders |
00:04:31 |
lasted just 8 hours. |
00:04:33 |
Almost as an afterthought |
00:04:40 |
On April 10th, 1912, |
00:04:50 |
With their maids |
00:04:53 |
their mountains of baggage the rich |
00:04:58 |
In an age that worshipped wealth |
00:05:03 |
were an awesome assembly. |
00:05:07 |
Titanic was like a time capsule laden |
00:05:23 |
In 1912 these films were shown in |
00:05:28 |
for any glimpse of Titanic |
00:05:30 |
in fact, this is actually Titanic's |
00:05:35 |
But the excitement and spectacle |
00:05:38 |
and many people couldn't |
00:05:52 |
Titanic sailed from |
00:05:55 |
she was expected to reach New York |
00:05:58 |
with 2,228 people aboard her. |
00:06:08 |
There are a few authentic pictures |
00:06:11 |
on her first and last voyage. |
00:06:16 |
A vacationing priest |
00:06:19 |
caught these poignant snapshots |
00:06:23 |
Most of them on a voyage to eternity. |
00:06:37 |
The next day Titanic made her last stop |
00:06:40 |
pausing off the coast at |
00:06:45 |
Here tenders brought out the |
00:06:48 |
mostly Irish immigrants headed for |
00:06:54 |
and here the lucky Father Brown |
00:06:57 |
taking these pictures on his way. |
00:07:07 |
Father Brown caught Captain Smith |
00:07:13 |
poised on the brink of destiny. |
00:07:18 |
Then Titanic sailed into the |
00:07:23 |
she would not be photographed again |
00:07:28 |
vanished in all but human memory. |
00:07:39 |
The event of Titanic's last hours |
00:07:44 |
The tragedy |
00:07:48 |
still seize the imagination. |
00:07:57 |
A British film, made in 1929 |
00:07:59 |
was one of the first of |
00:08:03 |
Full ahead. |
00:08:05 |
Full ahead, sir. |
00:08:37 |
Despite radioed warnings, Titanic |
00:08:41 |
She carried only enough lifeboats |
00:08:45 |
and not even that many were saved. |
00:08:57 |
In 1986 a new chapter in the |
00:09:02 |
The men and machines involved did |
00:09:13 |
From the Woods Hole |
00:09:16 |
came the research submarine Alvin |
00:09:21 |
a geologist and undersea explorer. |
00:09:27 |
For decades Ballard |
00:09:30 |
to explore the Titanic wreck. |
00:09:32 |
Now, if all goes well |
00:09:44 |
On July 9th, Ballard's expedition |
00:09:47 |
and drawing on proven |
00:09:50 |
puts to sea from Woods Hole. |
00:09:58 |
One seven five. |
00:09:59 |
One seven five. |
00:10:04 |
The research vessel, Atlantis II |
00:10:08 |
about 1,000 miles due east. |
00:10:13 |
A rare alchemy of talent |
00:10:16 |
has led Ballard to this adventure. |
00:10:19 |
Many led Ballard to this adventure. |
00:10:21 |
Many have called it foolish and |
00:10:23 |
it's been a hard sell. |
00:10:26 |
No one person, no one organization |
00:10:31 |
There was pieces of it |
00:10:34 |
the ship part, the submarine part. |
00:10:36 |
It's very much like Cinderella |
00:10:39 |
So I had to go around and get the |
00:10:42 |
and the dress from somebody |
00:10:45 |
and then I knew everything |
00:10:48 |
I'd turn back into a big pumpkin |
00:10:52 |
to get it done before |
00:10:57 |
The year before |
00:11:00 |
with Ballard as co-leader |
00:11:07 |
A 150 square mile area was searched |
00:11:13 |
towed along the bottom |
00:11:22 |
But Titanic and not lie where |
00:11:26 |
TV pictures revealed only a |
00:11:29 |
sometimes enlivened by a |
00:11:34 |
Days of futile search dragged on. |
00:11:39 |
It is 1 a.m., September 1st, 1985. |
00:11:44 |
The search has been going on |
00:11:52 |
#1:Wreckage. Bingo. Yeah! |
00:12:01 |
#2:Somebody ought to go get Bob. |
00:12:04 |
#3:Bob's gone love this. |
00:12:06 |
#4:This is it! Look at that thing. |
00:12:12 |
All: Oh, alright! Yahoo! |
00:12:15 |
#1:What is it? |
00:12:17 |
#2:I don't know but it's manmade. |
00:12:20 |
#3:There's more stuff coming. |
00:12:22 |
#4:lt's the boiler! |
00:12:27 |
#1: Yes, yes, that's fantastic! |
00:12:31 |
#1:I'll be goddam. |
00:12:52 |
The sucker exists! Gooddam! |
00:13:00 |
#2:Has Cathy got the champagne? |
00:13:03 |
There was an immediate outpouring |
00:13:06 |
a bunch of kids yelling and |
00:13:10 |
very unprofessional. |
00:13:12 |
And then the whole force of |
00:13:19 |
where this tragedy had |
00:13:23 |
it was very... everyone just cracked. |
00:13:26 |
Emotionally everyone just went down |
00:13:30 |
And we had a simple |
00:13:35 |
We felt better and |
00:13:39 |
I was deeply affected by it. |
00:13:45 |
When we came back I wouldn't |
00:13:50 |
I just wouldn't talk about |
00:13:53 |
I just went and hid. |
00:13:56 |
But Ballard's |
00:13:58 |
recaptured the thrill of discovery. |
00:14:01 |
Reviewing pictures taken by |
00:14:04 |
Ballard was eager to get a |
00:14:09 |
Ballard was confident that the |
00:14:13 |
and the U.S. Navy agreed |
00:14:18 |
They say the name of the ship is on |
00:14:21 |
Oh, it is? |
00:14:22 |
On the top, yeah. |
00:14:23 |
It should be visible. |
00:14:25 |
We'll have to go and take a look. |
00:14:31 |
A tiny TV camera serves as the |
00:14:36 |
a robot submarine developed for the |
00:14:44 |
Jason is ideal for exploring wrecks; |
00:14:47 |
getting TV pictures in places |
00:14:51 |
for manned submarines. |
00:15:01 |
Preparing for the Titanic expedition |
00:15:05 |
go into intensive training. |
00:15:08 |
Jason is powered by 4 electric motors. |
00:15:11 |
He can venture as far as 200 feet |
00:15:25 |
Jason is much like a dog on a |
00:15:28 |
moving on commands from his master. |
00:15:33 |
Here in the lab it's easy to navigate |
00:15:37 |
in pitch darkness |
00:15:41 |
Often Martin's only viewpoint |
00:16:01 |
Now some 11months after Ballard |
00:16:05 |
he is returning aboard Atlantis II. |
00:16:14 |
It's clear by now |
00:16:15 |
that no one knew Titanic's precise |
00:16:19 |
This original confusion explains why |
00:16:23 |
There are no landmarks |
00:16:25 |
the coast of Nova Scotia |
00:16:33 |
The sea tolerates |
00:16:37 |
only the knowledge of what |
00:16:40 |
gives this place identity. |
00:16:46 |
When you're out at sea |
00:16:50 |
It has no dimensions. |
00:16:51 |
You tend to wander around in the |
00:16:56 |
any where at any on time. |
00:16:58 |
Then when you find the Titanic |
00:17:01 |
You know exactly where you are and |
00:17:07 |
right where you are and that's eerie. |
00:17:11 |
You want to see lifeboats or people |
00:17:16 |
take drowned right around you. |
00:17:20 |
Yeah, you hear them, you feel it. |
00:17:24 |
Very much so. |
00:17:35 |
The grey down of April 15th,1912 |
00:17:39 |
revealed a scattered |
00:17:42 |
Hundreds of bodies floated |
00:17:50 |
The boats contained just |
00:17:58 |
Aboard the liner Carpathia |
00:18:03 |
as the survivors were rescued. |
00:18:12 |
Her compliment of passengers |
00:18:19 |
Everything was quiet calm and orderly. |
00:18:23 |
It was too soon to explain and |
00:18:29 |
Tragically rumors and confusion |
00:18:34 |
have been saved by other ships. |
00:18:39 |
Slowiy, as fragmented and |
00:18:44 |
the world began to realize |
00:18:54 |
In London, silent crowds gathered |
00:19:00 |
Here many of Titanic's passengers |
00:19:03 |
and here a precious few were |
00:19:18 |
In Liverpool, homeport of Titanic |
00:19:22 |
and grief-stricken families |
00:19:25 |
and reeling in shock when it came. |
00:19:53 |
In New York wild rumors circulated |
00:19:57 |
one paper reported Titanic |
00:20:04 |
Anxious and incredulous crowds |
00:20:08 |
and offices of White Star. |
00:20:11 |
Suspense and uncertainty grew |
00:20:22 |
Finally, on the evening of April 18th, |
00:20:36 |
Then as night fell there followed |
00:20:39 |
brought home the full impact |
00:20:46 |
In the glare of photographers |
00:20:49 |
lined Carpathia's rails |
00:20:51 |
but as thousands waited Carpathia |
00:21:01 |
Seeing finally was believing |
00:21:06 |
all that remained of the greatest |
00:21:19 |
By the next day survivors |
00:21:24 |
Frustrated newsreel cameramen were |
00:21:28 |
young stewards who clowned |
00:21:31 |
of the world mourned. |
00:21:39 |
There remained the task of bringing |
00:21:42 |
only some 300 were found out |
00:21:50 |
In fear and superstition |
00:21:52 |
Many ships avoided these waters for |
00:22:00 |
Brought ashore at Halifax some |
00:22:04 |
For others the maiden voyage of |
00:22:08 |
just a few miles from |
00:22:17 |
Today these graves still are tended |
00:22:21 |
shipping line which took over |
00:22:32 |
The disaster is memorialized |
00:22:35 |
changed the course of history. |
00:22:38 |
But what was the meaning of it all? |
00:22:40 |
It caused only an instant's |
00:22:44 |
But, somehow, Titanic made people |
00:22:52 |
Every 5 years the valiant dwindling |
00:22:57 |
is invited to attend a convention |
00:23:02 |
Thank you very much. |
00:23:05 |
You look pretty good. |
00:23:07 |
Thank you. |
00:23:11 |
There are only about 24 known |
00:23:21 |
But the number of people |
00:23:24 |
and this fascination reached |
00:23:27 |
the wreck of Titanic was found. |
00:23:33 |
July 13th, 1986. |
00:23:36 |
The first attempt |
00:23:39 |
planned for this morning. |
00:23:43 |
Bob Ballard and 2 companions will |
00:23:46 |
in the research submarine, Alvin. |
00:23:49 |
In his enthusiasm Bob Ballard has |
00:23:54 |
This morning he has |
00:24:07 |
The crew compartment of Alvin |
00:24:10 |
7-foot, titanium sphere jammed with |
00:24:20 |
Alvin is a tried and trusted design. |
00:24:23 |
It has mapped underwea mountains |
00:24:27 |
and now is poised over the most |
00:24:47 |
Once launched Alvin is independent |
00:24:51 |
The crew can communicate |
00:24:53 |
but in the deep they are |
00:24:56 |
they might as well be on the moon. |
00:25:12 |
To conserve electrical power Alvin |
00:25:16 |
only as fast as gravity allows. |
00:25:19 |
The slow plunge will take 21/2 hours |
00:25:22 |
a time of tedium and growing suspense. |
00:25:34 |
Alvin, this is A-two, over. |
00:25:40 |
Go ahead. |
00:25:42 |
Roger. Ralph |
00:25:44 |
and the bow section should be a |
00:25:49 |
bearing two three zero degrees, over |
00:25:57 |
Ballard reports that Alvin's |
00:26:00 |
its sonar system has failed. |
00:26:03 |
He must rely on |
00:26:06 |
and he cannot stay down much longer. |
00:26:09 |
Alvin, this is A-two. |
00:26:11 |
According to tracking you just |
00:26:16 |
Suggest you come to course 280 |
00:26:26 |
I can't believe they can't see it. |
00:26:28 |
I can't believe they cannot see it. |
00:26:30 |
They can only see 30 or 30 feet. |
00:26:34 |
It's... of water. |
00:26:37 |
Atlantis II, Atlantis II |
00:26:39 |
We are at the Titanic, over. |
00:26:43 |
Roger, Alvin, we understand |
00:26:49 |
Roger, we're sitting at the base |
00:26:53 |
or the midsection. |
00:26:56 |
We are deciding what to do next |
00:27:02 |
No sooner is Titanic found than |
00:27:07 |
It takes another 21/2 hours for |
00:27:15 |
We had problems with the submarine |
00:27:18 |
and immediately head up. |
00:27:21 |
So I saw it for 10 seconds |
00:27:25 |
So, well have to go back and |
00:27:29 |
What happens next? |
00:27:31 |
Well, they're gonna be up all night. |
00:27:33 |
They've got a sick puppy and they |
00:27:37 |
and it's gonna take them all night. |
00:27:40 |
Alvin is quickly repaired but |
00:27:45 |
Everyone has been reminded |
00:27:48 |
bad weather, or a combination of |
00:28:06 |
This time everything goes according to plean |
00:29:03 |
Titanic, no longer lost, |
00:29:07 |
There are people aboard the great |
00:29:10 |
74 dark and silent years. |
00:29:41 |
Now, like astronauts newly arrived |
00:29:45 |
Alvin's crew is learning |
00:29:52 |
A disappointment; Titanic's decks |
00:29:56 |
have been consumed by |
00:29:59 |
What speared to be planks turns |
00:30:12 |
A revelation; standing all alone |
00:30:17 |
where Titanic's wheel was mounted. |
00:30:19 |
It gleams as if brand new. |
00:30:51 |
What we thought was organic growth |
00:30:57 |
The ship looks like it's |
00:31:02 |
and it's rusting down its entire side. |
00:31:05 |
All over it's draped in rust. |
00:31:08 |
It's formed a river and little veins |
00:31:13 |
and out onto the sediment. |
00:31:39 |
All right, |
00:31:42 |
We are losing our light energy |
00:31:54 |
On the return to the surface a near disaster |
00:31:57 |
the robot submarine Jason, |
00:31:59 |
is dislodged from its garage |
00:32:05 |
Only quick word by divers saves |
00:32:18 |
Well, that's one way to come home |
00:32:20 |
That's right. |
00:32:25 |
Repairs will go on all night as |
00:32:29 |
and prepares for tomorrow's dive. |
00:32:32 |
We come in on the debris field, |
00:32:35 |
Titanic is a frightening place |
00:32:38 |
Everywhere there are wires, |
00:32:42 |
Coming in along the mud line toward |
00:32:47 |
But the robot, Jason |
00:32:51 |
and venture inside the wreck |
00:32:54 |
Alvin's crew is skeptical about robots |
00:33:02 |
But, Ballard ignores today's |
00:33:05 |
Jason deep into Titanic's interior |
00:33:09 |
The funnels are all gone. |
00:33:13 |
We've never even seen one |
00:33:16 |
The idea is to bring Alvin down |
00:33:19 |
and land at certain places. |
00:33:21 |
Naturally we'd like to enter the |
00:33:24 |
down the staircase and there's a |
00:33:27 |
That staircase goes down many |
00:33:31 |
so it would be a question of |
00:33:33 |
But certainly at least 2 to 3 decks in |
00:33:40 |
On succeeding dives special |
00:33:43 |
the darkness and reveal |
00:33:46 |
of the wreck; |
00:33:50 |
traveling aft, passing over the cargo |
00:34:05 |
the bridge area |
00:34:16 |
the hole where the first |
00:34:19 |
big enough to admit a locomotive. |
00:34:46 |
Now on the third dive Alvin |
00:34:50 |
of Titanic's grand staircase. |
00:34:53 |
Make sure that that lip won't |
00:34:56 |
Don't get too close. |
00:35:01 |
Jason is launched with |
00:35:07 |
Go forward. Tethering out. |
00:35:11 |
I'll be taking shots periodically. |
00:35:16 |
Further out. |
00:35:18 |
That lip is right in front of me. |
00:35:20 |
Yeah okay. |
00:35:21 |
If you can just head out over the edge |
00:35:29 |
Like a frightened puppy |
00:35:33 |
into his garage and go home. |
00:35:47 |
Gaining control and confidence |
00:35:52 |
into the grand staircase. |
00:36:08 |
Seventy for years have taken |
00:36:11 |
this is what Jason's camera sees |
00:36:25 |
Seem-ingly there's nothing |
00:36:28 |
but, then, pillars define a room. |
00:36:40 |
One of these light fixtures still |
00:36:43 |
suspended both in space and time. |
00:37:00 |
The elaborate ornamental clock is gone |
00:37:03 |
leaving only its outline on the wall. |
00:37:19 |
Jason bumps into something |
00:37:23 |
Alarmed, Ballard and |
00:37:29 |
Keep knocking that rust off. |
00:37:30 |
Yeah |
00:37:44 |
Now, 2 miles down |
00:37:48 |
For man and machine |
00:38:06 |
In further tests |
00:38:07 |
Jason skims over the wreck like an |
00:38:11 |
He can move more safely and |
00:38:13 |
get in close to capture small details. |
00:38:33 |
Something door for use... |
00:38:35 |
This door for bridge... |
00:38:36 |
This door for use of crew only. |
00:38:44 |
Napier Brothers Company Engineers, |
00:39:07 |
Some parts of the ship seem almost new |
00:39:10 |
paint still clings to |
00:39:14 |
handles and hinges still turn, |
00:39:18 |
and the awesome steel anchors |
00:39:21 |
still hang from Titanic's bow. |
00:39:31 |
Soon Baliard's work for the Navy |
00:39:34 |
so sophisticated everything can be |
00:39:40 |
On some jobs manned submarines |
00:39:44 |
The success of Jason on Titanic |
00:39:52 |
Bring it around A little more, |
00:40:09 |
Okay, if we want to drop |
00:40:12 |
Okay. |
00:40:34 |
Success. |
00:40:36 |
God, that was not easy. |
00:40:40 |
In one spectacular dive |
00:40:45 |
have accomplished all |
00:40:51 |
We had a chandalier right there! |
00:40:52 |
We were taking pictures, of it. |
00:40:56 |
We went dancing in the ballroom. |
00:41:05 |
Now for 9 days |
00:41:16 |
Deployed each night, |
00:41:17 |
an unmanned instrument package |
00:41:21 |
photos of the wreck site. |
00:41:31 |
I want to go through regions, |
00:41:33 |
There's only a couple targets left. |
00:41:35 |
Ballard and his colleague |
00:41:38 |
begin to create a detailed map |
00:41:42 |
That's it |
00:41:44 |
It reveals new information |
00:41:48 |
accepted accounts of the disaster. |
00:41:51 |
That's right down here, you see |
00:41:54 |
So south of the... |
00:41:58 |
Most strikingly the wreck lies |
00:42:02 |
1,800 feet apart. |
00:42:05 |
This supports some |
00:42:09 |
in 2 as it went down. |
00:42:12 |
Between the 2 sections of the |
00:42:16 |
and scattered throughout the wreckage |
00:42:55 |
a bottle of champagne still corked |
00:42:59 |
and a cup, sitting on a 57 ton boiler |
00:43:03 |
where it gently came |
00:43:10 |
Ballard brought nothing up from |
00:43:13 |
interfere with the wreck. |
00:43:17 |
But that was before Alvin came upon |
00:43:46 |
The handle turns |
00:43:49 |
At any rate, |
00:43:51 |
by the crew before Titanic went down. |
00:43:57 |
As the wreck is explored |
00:44:01 |
and in some cases revised |
00:44:06 |
It is 11:40 p.m., April 14th, 1912. |
00:44:13 |
From the crow's nest |
00:44:16 |
by lookout, Fredrick Fleet. |
00:44:20 |
Fleet immediately rings on alarm bell |
00:44:24 |
where the First Officer |
00:44:28 |
"Hard a starboard," |
00:44:37 |
Titanic grazes the ice, |
00:44:39 |
possibly causing only |
00:44:42 |
but enough to tell Captain |
00:44:50 |
Captain Smith personally walks back |
00:44:55 |
where, soon after midnight |
00:44:59 |
Radio is its infancy and the newly |
00:45:05 |
Is a novelty to operator |
00:45:12 |
Orders are given that women and |
00:45:16 |
Near the boats |
00:45:19 |
gather here in the gymnasium. |
00:45:23 |
One is multi-millionaire |
00:45:27 |
on an extended honeymoon with |
00:45:32 |
Astor's wife boards a lifeboat here, |
00:45:36 |
But an officer |
00:45:39 |
he meekly chooses to stand aside, |
00:45:44 |
Few yet realize that |
00:45:48 |
there are only enough boats for |
00:45:57 |
Distress rockets are fired from |
00:46:10 |
To the north there is a ship, |
00:46:15 |
Titanic's rockets are |
00:46:17 |
Stanley Lord, but he does nothing |
00:46:21 |
and will spend the rest of his life |
00:46:28 |
Many lifeboats are still being |
00:46:32 |
Few understand that Titanic |
00:46:42 |
The lifeboat davits are still |
00:46:46 |
where Second Officer |
00:46:50 |
Lietauer sends half a dozen |
00:46:53 |
and help fill the boats |
00:46:57 |
The men were never seen again |
00:47:06 |
Here a twisted davit once |
00:47:10 |
and here stood an aging |
00:47:13 |
Mr. And Mrs. Isadore Strauss. |
00:47:17 |
Offered a place on the boats |
00:47:20 |
then Mrs. Strauss refuse to leave him, |
00:47:25 |
and so, they perished together. |
00:47:32 |
In a single first class cabin |
00:47:34 |
there was a wealthy woman |
00:47:38 |
She was a tough and earthy character, |
00:47:42 |
She boarded a lifeboat |
00:47:46 |
and was known from then on as |
00:47:53 |
And now, at last, 1,500 people |
00:47:58 |
soon they were going go die. |
00:48:02 |
But on the boat deck near the entrance |
00:48:04 |
to the grand staircase |
00:48:10 |
No one could agree later what |
00:48:13 |
and all the musicians drowned. |
00:48:15 |
But Titanic's band, |
00:48:19 |
became immortal heroes of |
00:48:31 |
Few honored Captain Smith |
00:48:35 |
as he sailed boldly into history. |
00:48:38 |
He went down with his ship |
00:48:43 |
Some said he told the crew |
00:48:46 |
others, "it's every man for himself." |
00:49:18 |
When the Titanic expedition ended |
00:49:21 |
Bob Ballard left behind |
00:49:25 |
Titanic is their monument |
00:49:31 |
It's memorial to this period of time |
00:49:34 |
to that mistake of arrogance. |
00:49:38 |
It's a whole bunch of things |
00:49:42 |
and now, |
00:49:45 |
it's a very peaceful place |
00:49:50 |
It's sitting upright on the bottom |