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National Geographic Spitting Mad Wild Camel of the Andes
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In remote corners of South America |
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the elegant camel-like guanaco. |
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You've got to be taught to survive here, |
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especially if you're a male guanaco. |
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In the southern Andes Mountains, |
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fierce blizzards and crippling cold |
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Then there are killer cats. |
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This is the home of the mountain lion |
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It's strong and powerful predator. |
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If the puma does kill you, |
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a long list of animals |
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from little gray foxes |
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And you can't even trust your own kind. |
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If the cold or the cats don't kill you, |
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rivals for your territory will |
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But without a territory, |
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So a male guanaco's life |
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Supremacy is the objective, |
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females the prize. |
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So if you're a male guanaco, |
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You also have to be spitting mad. |
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Born of volcanic fire, |
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the famous granite towers of Paine |
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are the crowning glory of the world's |
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This is Southern Chile's Torres del |
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only a thousand miles from |
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And just over the mountains |
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a birthplace of storms. |
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So this land is battered by some |
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To survive here, |
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one that is adaptable, |
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well-organized, alert, |
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And they certainly are well adapted |
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having thick, soft coats |
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Wild ancestors of the |
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their fleece was much admired |
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providing warmth and wealth. |
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But a warm coat is not enough. |
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A male guanaco |
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and to by successful, |
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So he must communicate |
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A raised tail and lowered ears |
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And the elaborate language |
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The ear flagging, the spitting, |
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means a battle for territory |
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The war dance confirms |
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And the final exchange of insults |
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With battle lines drawn, |
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they try to intimidate each other |
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If that doesn't work, |
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These fierce fights are dangerous |
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and could lead to broken bones |
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But in the world of the guanaco, |
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The rival must be driven |
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The males are fighting |
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a lush area with ample food and water. |
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And by winning this territory, |
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the victor is able to attract females |
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an absolute necessity |
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His aggressive defense |
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can feed without hassle |
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Guanacos graze carefully, |
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cloven hooves minimize damage |
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These is safety in numbers, too |
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- many pairs of eyes and ears |
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and in this landscape, |
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The male deeps a sharp lookout |
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- especially pumas, |
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Pumas are a serious threat to survival |
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for thirsty guanacos. |
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They are powerful predators, |
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capable of pulling down |
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But a fully grown guanaco |
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If they're seen, |
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pumas won't waste energy |
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And guanacos sound the alarm |
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These powerful cats spend most of |
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in preparation |
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...and she'll need plenty of rest. |
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For spring is the busy season |
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a time of movement |
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And she hunts an inspiring wilderness, |
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the Torres del Paine National Park, |
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One of the world's largest birds, |
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the condor's ten-foot wing span |
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in this mighty landscape, |
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as they cruise the wild skies |
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Spring is the time |
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So still-born calves or after-births |
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Young guanacos called chulengos |
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And because there is safety in numbers, |
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Over about two weeks, |
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So when one mother does it, |
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It is no wonder that spring is |
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in these wild mountains, |
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and the young guanacos are eager |
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The most precocious chulengos |
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are walking and nursing |
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And they must all become mobile |
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will carry them-and quickly |
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- for the danger of puma attack |
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the cats watching from some lofty crag |
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But even big cats don't have it easy. |
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Guanaco family groups gather |
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is less cover for pumas on the prowl. |
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And even chulengos are |
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Fast or not, they are in mortal danger, |
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Even where there is little cover, |
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stalking their intended victims |
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Many chulengos die in their first year, |
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but now is the most dangerous time |
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especially if they leave |
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of their mother's side. |
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Life is a constant battle |
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and the guanaco's sharp eyes. |
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In this case, the eyes win. |
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Guanaco numbers can be seriously |
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But to truly understand the way |
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guanacos live and die |
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And to get it, |
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Dr. Bill Franklin and his helpers |
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and with so many years experience |
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he knows this mother is |
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This angry female has made it clear |
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that her chulengo |
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a part of Bill's scientific data. |
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But Bill also notices something else |
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Not only is she very aggressive, |
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she is also rather fat. |
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So he leaves her to |
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but instructs one of his students to |
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It soon becomes obvious that this. |
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Particular guanaco |
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She is about to give birth again, |
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though she already has a chulengo |
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Only once in 20 years |
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But now he has another opportunity |
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to study this extraordinary event again. |
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The first born chulengo |
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by this staggering addition |
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During the coming months, |
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scientists will closely |
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as they face the dual threats |
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But for the study to have meaning, |
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single chulengos must be |
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The fleet-footed youngsters |
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But sometimes, |
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When they're just a few hours old, |
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and can be handled |
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to both mother and chulengo. |
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Wild though they are, |
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guanacos see scientists |
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and are at ease in their presence. |
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For two decades, |
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dozens of students |
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one of the most interesting animals |
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and he is the world's leading authority |
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Tagging the chulengos |
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to be observed and recorded. |
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And while its mother |
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her chulengo is weighed and examined. |
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Much can be learned, |
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may be a reflection |
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in which it lives. |
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The chulengos are fitted with |
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so their life-and-death struggles |
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In this way, |
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Bill has discovered that guanacos |
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but only if they survive |
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The chulengos will be closely guarded |
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But despite this protection, |
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up to 80 percent of the year's |
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Separated from its mother, |
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so Bill is anxious to |
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In fact, chulengos will readily become |
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when they're very young. |
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And only when they see and smell |
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will the bond be retied. |
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And Bill watches to ensure this |
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To see the two together again |
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and mother and chulengo |
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Once all are together again, |
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the dedicated scientific |
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each collared chulengo's struggles |
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Summer and winter, |
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Bill's students take to the hilltops |
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of the chulengos. |
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The receiver distinguishes |
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and also register |
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So a scientist is able to tell |
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If a mortality signal is received, |
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the body must be found |
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This chulengo was killed by a puma, |
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for the big cats cover their kills |
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The puma will return to eat its meal |
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The cats hunt mostly at night, |
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so evening is the time to wake up. |
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And with pumas on the prowl, |
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night is the guanacos' time |
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Do they have a strategy |
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Night's aren't entirely friendly |
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A mother with cubs may be ambushed |
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by a male puma |
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so she delays leading her cubs |
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until the light is fading, |
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and will be careful |
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As night falls, |
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guanacos climb to the tops |
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and the strategy makes sense: |
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There's less cover up here, |
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pumas will have difficulty approaching |
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The mothers will ensure |
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and the male will keep watch |
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Staying alive at night |
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for guanacos need moonlight to see, |
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while pumas have sharp vision, |
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But they still take the precaution |
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This is a tough task, |
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may outweigh her |
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But she must struggle on, |
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for thick cover |
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for her cubs to feed. |
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The family shares the food amicably, |
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with the youngsters getting first bite. |
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And once they fill their bellies, |
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the cubs can indulge |
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No doubt this play |
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helps develop muscles |
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but they also seem to be |
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Their mother must recover the carcass, |
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for it will feed them |
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At the first hint of dawn, |
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the female leads her cubs |
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barking instructions |
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It's important they are back |
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and the sun is rising fast. |
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Once the pumas are back at their dens, |
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the guanacos come back downhill |
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to the food-rich meadows |
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Joining them is a wealth of wildlife |
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that floods into the park |
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Many wildfowl breed here, |
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and the chest-patting ruddy duck. |
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There is food for all, |
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And though summer is a time for plenty, |
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the park lies in the wildest extremity |
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And the weather cannot |
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Guanacos must take good care |
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So dust bathing is a daily ritual. |
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Keeping them in tip-top condition |
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between life and death. |
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For even in summer, |
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icy winds and snow |
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Winds of 100 miles an hour |
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And driven by these raging winds, |
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freezing snow showers |
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When the weather has |
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the undertakers of the air |
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Most chulengos are born around midday. |
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For those that are born late |
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during hostile summer storms. |
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And once hypothermia sets in, |
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There is nothing |
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The condors will hang on the wind |
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But its mother is hesitant |
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Perhaps she's intimidated |
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Only when the condors |
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does she muster enough courage |
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Her defense is in vain. |
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Gray foxes scavenge dead meat, too, |
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and their hunger |
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Though some of the meat |
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it is vital to store |
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in harder times. |
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So these caches of meat |
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In the dead of winter, |
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they'll return for |
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if they can find it. |
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Summer can be an easy time for foxes. |
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And like most predators, |
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their cubs are raised |
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not just dead chulengos and |
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but eggs, birds, |
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Foxes can raise up to |
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And though puma-killed guanacos |
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are an important source of food, |
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So it's best to keep out of sight. |
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Killing isn't always |
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Eating a guanaco on |
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is thirsty work. |
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So she had to abandon the carcass |
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The killer cat |
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The crested caracara |
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that looks to the puma for leftovers, |
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and it already has the chulengo |
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With the foxes frightened off |
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it too can benefit |
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Nothing is wasted |
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As with all birds of prey, |
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the caracara's hooked beak |
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enable it to rip |
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The caracara also has a family to feed, |
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so scraps are taken back to its nest. |
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Two chicks are the norm, |
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but conditions are so harsh |
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that food is difficult to find. |
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So in most nests, |
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Life is tough in the mountains. |
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And the short summer |
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in the lives of local animals. |
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Guanacos are no exception. |
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It's breeding time, |
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a male guanaco's most |
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The females in his family group |
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and the territory-holding male |
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He must not only sniff |
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that are ready to mate |
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he must also ensure |
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With aggressively lowered head, |
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he dashes around, |
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marking his territory |
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scattered around the real |
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Each pellet contains his scent |
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and announces ownership |
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Only he is allowed |
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so if another male has |
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dung on one of his piles, |
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it is a serious insult. |
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This intruding male must be |
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before it can get access |
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But, as he's determined to stay, |
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the manure really hits the fan. |
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These battles for females |
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the combatants galloping for miles |
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With the landlord away at war... |
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...other males may try to mate |
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And while the cat's away... |
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But it's important |
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during the same few days. |
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And every male wants a |
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But some young guys |
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When the territory owner returns, |
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the young guy could be beaten to death, |
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but only if he gets caught. |
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The landlord means business, |
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so the cheating youngster |
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The outcome of such a battle |
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If a puma spots his injury, |
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he could make an easy meal. |
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If the young guy is |
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he needs a place to hide. |
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And fortunately for him, |
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guanaco society provides |
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...a sort of bachelor's club |
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where dispossessed males can gather. |
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And if he finds one of these areas |
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he will be allowed to join |
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without having to fight for his place. |
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He is still not safe from puma attack. |
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But many pairs of eyes |
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while his wounds heal. |
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The other members are males |
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or young males evicted |
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And apart from eating, |
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the most important activity is play. |
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It is here that young males |
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and ritual of combat. |
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They engage in playful |
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to win status in the hierarchy. |
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But as they get older, |
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for serious fights. |
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Most members will go through |
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of cheerful neck chewing |
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before fights become serious. |
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And by then, |
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the mature males |
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and try to win a territory |
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But they may have to wander the hills |
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alone and homeless for months on end. |
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And other big changes |
| 00:35:52 |
Nights are growing colder. |
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Autumn mists fill the valleys. |
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Life is getting harder. |
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Tougher conditions mean family groups |
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join together to wander |
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...much to the annoyance |
| 00:36:26 |
whose backyards they invade. |
| 00:36:44 |
With autumn's glorious colors |
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the herds move around even more, |
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forcing the pumas to track them during the day |
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so they can hunt hem |
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Like the guanacos, |
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as much as 60 square miles |
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but often larger for a male. |
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Guanaco real estate |
| 00:37:22 |
So the national park feeds |
| 00:37:25 |
and they in turn |
| 00:37:30 |
But all this is about to change. |
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Real hardship is about to strike. |
| 00:37:37 |
Winter is sweeping down |
| 00:37:40 |
Death travels with the wind. |
| 00:37:59 |
Blizzards and deep snow |
| 00:38:03 |
Most of the birds have fled. |
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Almost everything else |
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Guanacos, foxes, pumas |
| 00:38:13 |
And in their search, |
| 00:38:14 |
the guanacos' hooves |
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making it easy |
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In the guanaco's mass exodus |
| 00:38:36 |
the migrating family groups |
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and the pumas must stay close, |
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Survival hangs in the balance |
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But the guanacos |
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are forced to migrate |
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so the pumas have the advantage. |
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And, if they are skillful, |
| 00:38:57 |
they can maneuver |
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To add to their problems, |
| 00:39:18 |
the guanacos have to |
| 00:39:20 |
where conditions |
| 00:39:24 |
But this is one |
| 00:39:28 |
it is here that fierce mountain winds |
| 00:39:29 |
below some of the snow |
| 00:39:32 |
making it easier |
| 00:39:36 |
But starvation is always a threat. |
| 00:39:45 |
If severe weather persists, |
| 00:39:47 |
It can take a heavy toll, |
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to the benefit of the little gray foxes. |
| 00:39:54 |
If they have already exhausted |
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they are relegated to |
| 00:40:02 |
But they don't ignore |
| 00:40:06 |
it's quite the opposite. |
| 00:40:08 |
The foxes actually trail the cats, |
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Waiting for them to provide |
| 00:40:15 |
And they may be lucky. |
| 00:40:23 |
Condors also monitor the guanaco herds. |
| 00:40:27 |
For this is an easy time for scavengers |
| 00:40:29 |
as well as killer cats. |
| 00:40:32 |
Weakened by hunger, |
| 00:40:36 |
And the puma |
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and dragged it down |
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She has partially covered it with snow, |
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but with the threat of thieves |
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she must cover the carcass |
| 00:41:04 |
Huge front paws |
| 00:41:08 |
but an even better deterrent |
| 00:41:11 |
is her presence, |
| 00:41:16 |
The cats can be seen easily |
| 00:41:19 |
so the hungry cubs will have to wait |
| 00:41:21 |
until nightfall to enjoy their meal. |
| 00:41:23 |
For they're still at risk |
| 00:41:25 |
That could be hiding nearby. |
| 00:41:28 |
So once the female has covered the carcass, |
| 00:41:30 |
They will all gather nearby |
| 00:41:34 |
But deep snow |
| 00:41:36 |
even with the benefit |
| 00:41:54 |
With meat stored in the freezer, |
| 00:41:56 |
the puma family's immediate future |
| 00:42:00 |
the guanacos' future, too. |
| 00:42:02 |
For winter's last full moon |
| 00:42:42 |
As the sun releases winter's icy |
| 00:42:46 |
the guanacos hurry back |
| 00:42:55 |
The males reestablish their ownership |
| 00:42:59 |
and once again |
| 00:43:03 |
to their lust meadows. |
| 00:43:05 |
And with spring at hand, |
| 00:43:24 |
The year has come full circle. |
| 00:43:27 |
Large flocks of upland geese |
| 00:43:29 |
and their fluffy chicks |
| 00:43:32 |
And within a few weeks, |
| 00:43:34 |
females will drop the |
| 00:43:37 |
into a glorious carpet of flowers. |
| 00:44:09 |
Burgeoning vegetation |
| 00:44:13 |
but last year's chulengos eat more |
| 00:44:17 |
and each family group |
| 00:44:31 |
Over-population can lead to hardship |
| 00:44:35 |
but guanacos have a solution |
| 00:44:39 |
The adult males drive off all of |
| 00:44:44 |
This is a dramatic |
| 00:44:47 |
And they're reluctant to leave home, |
| 00:44:49 |
signaling appeasement |
| 00:44:51 |
with a forward-curved tail. |
| 00:45:07 |
But even if the male gets the message, |
| 00:45:09 |
he must press home the attack. |
| 00:45:11 |
The future of his whole family group |
| 00:45:13 |
depends on his ruthless aggression. |
| 00:45:55 |
In a desperate attempt to stay |
| 00:45:57 |
the yearling circles back around. |
| 00:46:00 |
But the more he tries to stay, |
| 00:46:01 |
the more determined the male becomes. |
| 00:46:04 |
And this could have |
| 00:46:40 |
An injured yearling |
| 00:46:43 |
If he's unable to find his way |
| 00:46:45 |
to the security of a male group, |
| 00:46:47 |
its fate is all but sealed. |
| 00:46:54 |
The puma cubs are now nearly grown now, |
| 00:46:57 |
and have formidable appetites. |
| 00:46:59 |
So their mother must |
| 00:47:11 |
There is little chance for |
| 00:47:14 |
For the cubs are bolder now, |
| 00:47:16 |
Investigating their territory |
| 00:47:19 |
and no longer waiting for nightfall to eat. |
| 00:47:36 |
The cub's mother tries to |
| 00:47:40 |
but one hungry youngster |
| 00:47:44 |
Future generations of guanacos |
| 00:47:46 |
when these cubs |
| 00:48:14 |
With the big cats at a safe distance, |
| 00:48:16 |
condors and caracaras |
| 00:48:20 |
of the guanacos' |
| 00:48:28 |
In fact, the guanacos life and death |
| 00:48:31 |
Is the essential pivot |
| 00:48:36 |
For their competitive social system |
| 00:48:38 |
has evolved because it makes maximum |
| 00:48:40 |
use of the land with minimal damage. |
| 00:48:46 |
Guanacos are now protected in Chile |
| 00:48:50 |
But in many ways, |
| 00:48:56 |
With so many lone males |
| 00:48:58 |
waiting for a chance |
| 00:49:01 |
it's almost certain that |
| 00:49:04 |
will get to breed. |
| 00:49:06 |
Their future and that of all guanacos |
| 00:49:10 |
depends on the survival of the fittest. |
| 00:49:17 |
Their battles are a crucial part |
| 00:49:21 |
in the southern Andes. |
| 00:49:23 |
So the fights for territory |
| 00:49:27 |
however dangerous and exhausting. |
| 00:50:12 |
For the land to sustain life, |
| 00:50:18 |
And it is essential |
| 00:50:22 |
For even in this windy, |
| 00:50:25 |
their vitality helps all guanacos |
| 00:50:28 |
to thrive and prosper. |
