National Geographic The New Chimpanzees

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00:00:02 Chimpanzees.
00:00:06 So like us,
00:00:14 As we move through the looking glass
00:00:20 Chimpanzees,
00:00:24 unite us with the rest of nature.
00:00:28 Eerily, they recall our
00:00:36 Their social life reflects ours, too.
00:00:40 With paramilitary patrols
00:00:45 political struggles for power
00:00:55 The tender affection they show
00:01:00 their gestures and expressions
00:01:14 Their invention of
00:01:17 what sets humanity apart
00:01:22 And now we discover that
00:01:26 but entire cultures which they pass on
00:01:31 Even medicine seems within their grasp
00:01:36 And when stalked by death,
00:01:45 With a shiver of recognition,
00:01:48 we glimpse the mind of the chimp
00:02:41 Come with us on a voyage of discovery,
00:02:44 a journey into our collective past.
00:02:49 We retrace our steps
00:02:53 the ancient homeland our species
00:03:00 We left behind, then,
00:03:02 our closest relation the one being
00:03:09 For there is a mind in the forest,
00:03:16 And it lights the eyes of the chimp.
00:03:22 Chimpanzees share more than 97%
00:03:26 And it shows.
00:03:30 The invention and use of tools
00:03:32 was supposed to set us apart
00:03:36 But this chimpanzee is "fishing"
00:03:39 with a wand specially selected
00:03:45 Chimps make and use many tools
00:03:48 skills passed on from mother
00:03:51 of their cultural heritage.
00:03:59 "Ant-fishing" requires real expertise.
00:04:03 Safari ants are a rich food source,
00:04:09 With one fell swoop, they're down.
00:04:20 At eight years of age,
00:04:31 But someday she will master
00:04:35 not just by trial and error
00:04:39 but by watching her mother at work.
00:04:43 For the past 35 years,
00:04:45 scientists have been watching
00:04:50 She was an infant herself
00:04:54 who named her Fifi.
00:04:57 That human was Jane Goodall.
00:05:00 Jane came to know Fifi,
00:05:02 her mother Flo
00:05:07 Goodall was the first human
00:05:12 What she discovered revolutionized our
00:05:21 All across Africa,
00:05:27 A second species of chimpanzee
00:05:32 Called bonobos, they're famous
00:05:36 and the way they substitute sex
00:05:40 unlike the more
00:05:42 by Goodall and Christophe Boesch.
00:05:45 Boesch has unveiled hunting strategies
00:05:47 and elaborate tool use among rainforest
00:05:50 Chimps leading him to suggest
00:05:54 before our forbears left the forest.
00:05:59 And Richard Wrangham believes
00:06:03 practicing a primitive kind
00:06:12 The new research takes us ever
00:06:16 giving us a new perspective
00:06:23 Chimpanzees and humans sprang
00:06:27 Our paths diverged only
00:06:30 with our human forbears moving
00:06:34 leaving the forest to the chimpanzees.
00:06:37 But shared characteristics are written
00:06:42 Chimps, too, are capable of
00:06:46 Various "nations" of chimps cling
00:06:54 Chimpanzees once thrived throughout
00:06:58 while bonobos were restricted
00:07:02 Today, both species survive
00:07:06 and are studied at a handful of sites.
00:07:09 Gombe, on the shore of Lake Tanganyika
00:07:13 was where Jane Goodall began her
00:07:18 Fifi is the only chimp still alive
00:07:22 with six surviving offspring.
00:07:26 Freud, her eldest,
00:07:30 while her younger son, Frodo,
00:07:32 is the largest chimp at Gombe and
00:07:39 Freud now leads the tightly
00:07:42 form the core of the group.
00:07:45 Male chimps stay in the group
00:07:47 and cooperate when there
00:07:57 Every week or so,
00:07:58 the males form
00:08:01 and test the borders
00:08:05 In single file and total silence,
00:08:08 they follow their leader
00:08:12 Hair standing on end, they listen
00:08:21 Each community of male chimps
00:08:25 and the females in residence.
00:08:30 A stranger turns and flees.
00:08:33 Though groups of males rarely engage
00:08:36 an individual caught
00:08:43 In the 1970's, Jane Goodall described
00:08:47 Her study group split in two,
00:08:50 and over the course of four years,
00:08:52 the males of one group
00:08:55 and brutally killed every adult
00:09:00 chilling evidence that warfare
00:09:03 from our primate forbears.
00:09:11 Gombe's steep slopes the stage
00:09:15 from open grassland to riverene forest,
00:09:19 from the top of the Great Rift
00:09:30 Today, a new generation climbs
00:09:52 Charlotte Uhlenbroek
00:09:55 the long range calls of chimps.
00:09:58 She follows one male all day,
00:10:00 recording the precise time and
00:10:06 Her Tanzanian associate, Issa Salala,
00:10:12 At the end of the day,
00:10:15 to see whether they've witnessed
00:10:19 and to try and decipher its meaning.
00:10:34 The pant hoots are certainly
00:10:37 Um, what, what I'm trying
00:10:41 how specific are the meanings
00:10:45 I mean, um, does a particular pant-hoot
00:10:51 Does it say, Come here boys?
00:10:52 Does it say I'll meet you up
00:10:55 Or are they directed at family members
00:11:00 Or are they just, generally, Anyone
00:11:16 We haven't got our ears tuned in.
00:11:18 I mean, it's like different
00:11:20 it's difficult to hear a slightly
00:11:25 So, certainly, we're not hearing all
00:11:31 Sometimes, there's still just a
00:11:36 very hard push to pull them apart;
00:11:38 I'm sure they,
00:11:44 Sometimes words won't suffice.
00:11:52 Males perform displays dramatic
00:11:56 performances designed to establish
00:12:04 Fearless, Frodo sometimes
00:12:08 to enhance his displays.
00:12:14 Even Charlotte has fallen prey.
00:12:17 He'll give me a whack.
00:12:19 He'll just, just kind of add
00:12:22 by incorporating me,
00:12:25 He, if he wants to hurt somebody,
00:12:34 Females and their young are dominated
00:12:40 But when the fruit crop is ample,
00:12:49 A mother's care is the primary
00:12:54 Orphans find life hard.
00:12:57 Mel was orphaned
00:13:01 Only the generosity of
00:13:04 for six more years.
00:13:14 Still, he seems to miss
00:13:17 would have known within his mother's
00:13:22 seems to understand.
00:13:39 A temporary respite
00:13:49 Beyond the bond between mother
00:13:52 political relationships
00:13:56 Even while relaxing,
00:14:00 Grooming is, quite literally,
00:14:07 Alliances become apparent
00:14:14 Dominant animals and
00:14:18 Food is a precious commodity.
00:14:21 They often compress fruit
00:14:25 something like a tobacco chaw,
00:14:32 But the calls of colobus monkeys
00:14:36 not so easily satisfied.
00:14:40 When a monkey troop is spotted nearby,
00:14:42 the most avid hunter recruits other
00:14:58 Red colobus monkeys nervously watch
00:15:04 Craig Stanford studies the relationship
00:15:09 He hopes to shed light on the origins
00:15:13 We know that, at some point early
00:15:16 meat became an important part
00:15:18 We don't understand exactly
00:15:20 was it scavenging meat or hunting meat
00:15:22 Well, we know that the earliest stage
00:15:25 in a habitat just like this.
00:15:27 East African woodland that's got
00:15:30 onto which our ancestors eventually
00:15:33 So, to be able to study hunting here
00:15:35 is the best way
00:15:38 onto the earliest origins
00:15:41 four or more million years ago.
00:15:45 Frodo is the best of the Gombe hunters
00:15:48 He's 17 years old and yet he's killed
00:15:52 in the last three years.
00:15:54 It's really quite an incredible animal
00:15:59 That was Frodo.
00:16:02 All the hunters, including Frodo,
00:16:07 By joining forces, the chimps hope
00:16:11 in an isolated treetop,
00:16:13 with no route of escape except
00:16:19 Although we see elements
00:16:22 what we thing we're seeing mainly
00:16:25 selfish behavior by male hunters,
00:16:27 done within a communal setting.
00:16:29 It's a little bit like a baseball game
00:16:33 in which individual players are
00:16:37 the end result is going
00:16:39 The more hunters there are,
00:16:41 the greater the odds
00:16:43 each individual hunter
00:16:47 As the chimps climb up,
00:16:49 the colobus retreat to
00:16:52 too slender to bear a chimp's weight.
00:16:59 The male colobus stand their
00:17:02 to four times their size.
00:17:05 They will even take the offensive
00:17:21 Holding his tail out of
00:17:24 this male buys precious time for
00:17:47 Excited by the cries of hunter
00:17:52 Eighty feet above the ground,
00:17:54 Frodo displays his daring technique.
00:18:01 But this time, he misses.
00:18:08 With chimps climbing everywhere,
00:18:10 one monkey leaps
00:18:16 Even a rear attack by
00:18:30 The young hunter displays
00:18:33 but his triumph is short liver.
00:18:36 Freud simply confiscates the carcass.
00:18:42 Freud settles down to share
00:18:49 Meat is a valuable currency
00:18:56 Females come begging for a taste.
00:19:06 The orphan, Mel, searches for scraps
00:19:11 but he's soon sent packing.
00:19:14 Frodo, frustrated and hungry,
00:19:17 tries to muscle his way
00:19:25 But Freud will have none of
00:19:29 it leaving Frodo to rage.
00:19:38 His friends rush in to placate him
00:19:47 With up to 11 males hunting together,
00:19:50 multiple kills are common at Gombe.
00:19:53 As many as seven monkeys
00:20:00 Chimps like a little salad
00:20:03 They often eat leaves
00:20:06 sometimes eating kinds
00:20:11 On average, the Gombe chimps consume
00:20:15 in their range each year.
00:20:21 A taste for meat begins early.
00:20:28 The free for all approach to
00:20:32 and relatively open woodland.
00:20:34 Catching monkeys high in the treetops
00:20:45 Christophe Boesch studies chimps
00:20:50 prime African rainforest.
00:20:55 Most chimps live in green
00:21:00 The forest canopy an interwoven web
00:21:03 floats over a hundred feet above its
00:21:18 Following his chimps,
00:21:20 he's discovered that they're capable of
00:21:25 I mean, the chimps of the Tai forest
00:21:30 The canopy layer is continuous,
00:21:34 the red colobus, they are about
00:21:37 what means that when colobus sit
00:21:41 the chimps can't go there,
00:21:43 if he go there,
00:21:44 So, there is a big problem,
00:21:47 they have to use,
00:21:48 solve it and the only way to
00:21:52 So that a chimp will drive
00:21:57 so that the colobus are constantly
00:22:00 and the driver is really just
00:22:03 he's not trying to capture them,
00:22:06 you see that he's just walking
00:22:09 This gives them the constant direction
00:22:12 where the chimps on the ground can
00:22:15 if they see that the group splits
00:22:18 you would have blockers,
00:22:20 individuals that come up in specific
00:22:25 sort of keep them
00:22:29 And so that, gives them the possibility
00:22:33 So that, by having a driver behind,
00:22:36 some blockers on the side,
00:22:38 they just need somebody actually
00:22:41 ahead of the movement, and to
00:22:46 Only the most experienced hunters play
00:22:49 They have to race ahead then climb
00:22:54 into the crowns of the tallest trees
00:22:59 And when they are
00:23:01 because you can have suddenly
00:23:05 All the chimps know
00:23:09 The chimps have made a capture call,
00:23:10 everybody knows 'meat'
00:23:14 it's so difficult to acquire
00:23:19 adult males have worked together
00:23:22 so it's something very special
00:23:26 and there is a huge excitement
00:23:32 It's really a, a team work and it
00:23:37 and the team doesn't see each other,
00:23:40 So, they are always anticipating
00:23:46 and often they don't see if
00:23:48 and it works only
00:23:53 This kind of work, on the long run,
00:23:57 according to the work
00:24:00 You see, alpha male is not
00:24:04 and he doesn't get meat.
00:24:06 You have now an alpha male
00:24:09 that is young and he's not
00:24:12 and he can really be there displaying
00:24:15 for minutes and not get
00:24:25 This division of the spoils based
00:24:29 reveals a different division of power.
00:24:33 Females, who are allies of the hunters
00:24:35 also gain access to the carcass
00:24:39 bringing their infants closer to the
00:24:48 If this complex division of labor
00:24:53 so does the chimp's love of play.
00:25:50 An infant chimp may seem secure
00:25:54 but this is not always true.
00:25:57 A male has stolen a baby chimp
00:26:01 who follows in desperate pursuit.
00:26:05 In the Mahale Mountains,
00:26:08 researchers have recorded
00:26:12 but seven times and
00:26:19 The alpha male is now in possession
00:26:23 He actually beats back the mother
00:26:34 Both mother and baby are members
00:26:37 and the infant was presumably sired
00:26:42 Males have been known to
00:26:46 but this kidnapper could very well be
00:26:53 The infant is killed by
00:27:01 Group members share in the macabre
00:27:09 Infanticide and cannibalism
00:27:13 dark reflections of our common legacy.
00:27:20 But the mirror of our primal past
00:27:24 Aggressive impulses may be rooted
00:27:29 but so is our capacity
00:27:36 It is in Africa's dark heart
00:27:38 the Congo basin that we find a gentler
00:27:51 Takayoshi Kano has led
00:27:54 Zaire, for the past 22 years.
00:27:58 He comes here in search of the second,
00:28:00 little known species of chimpanzee.
00:28:06 Sugarcane is a sweet lure used
00:28:16 Dr. Kano, and his
00:28:20 have discovered that bonobos
00:28:23 from the chimps studied
00:28:28 At first glance they are different.
00:28:30 Although they've been called
00:28:33 they're not smaller,
00:28:43 Hunted elsewhere in Zaire,
00:28:45 they're safe here but wary still.
00:28:53 The sugarcane buffet
00:28:59 At ease on two legs,
00:29:02 they simply rise up and walk
00:29:05 so their hands are free
00:29:10 Eerily, their long,
00:29:11 shapely limbs and upright gait recall
00:29:17 And their natural two-legged gait
00:29:19 is only the first surprise they have
00:29:28 An impressively stern female enters
00:29:31 and snaps a young sapling.
00:29:35 Once she picks herself up,
00:29:37 she does something entirely surprising
00:29:42 She displays!
00:29:44 And the males give her sway.
00:29:50 For this is the confident stride
00:29:54 its alpha female,
00:30:06 Females play a very different role
00:30:08 in bonobo society than they
00:30:12 The reins of power are shared equally
00:30:17 by a strongly bonded group of high
00:30:25 The son of a dominant female can take
00:30:29 High-ranking females cooperate
00:30:33 and support their sons
00:30:40 Though tough with other adults,
00:30:42 bonobo mothers almost never discipline
00:30:46 when they steal the food right our
00:30:56 Haku, an 11 year old adolescent male,
00:31:00 has lost the loving attention
00:31:03 As an orphan,
00:31:04 he has been forced out,
00:31:12 He's old enough now to begin
00:31:15 without a mother's help,
00:31:19 Males stay with their mothers
00:31:22 and rely upon their backing.
00:31:27 With no mother to back him up,
00:31:29 Haku must be wary of Ten,
00:31:39 Ten was just about Haku's age
00:31:43 Lately, Haku has begun trying
00:31:50 But Ten had an advantage.
00:31:53 His mother was
00:31:56 and he rose to power
00:32:01 He will not tolerate any display
00:32:07 Haku has spirit but to no avail.
00:32:17 Ten's annoyance with this upstart
00:32:19 is soothed by one of the other high
00:32:26 Instead of fighting,
00:32:31 in this genuine "make love,
00:32:36 Bonobos have largely divorced sex
00:32:40 Sex is used by all bonobos,
00:32:46 to form bonds and mitigate tension.
00:32:50 So Haku is not likely
00:32:54 But without family backing,
00:32:56 his bid for status is probably doomed.
00:32:59 Adolescent females must face
00:33:03 They leave the group of their birth,
00:33:05 and visit neighboring groups in search
00:33:07 of a new home for the rest
00:33:10 This female, called Shin,
00:33:12 has chosen Dr. Kano's group,
00:33:14 but she must first pass muster
00:33:22 Female bonobos also use sex to forge
00:33:35 The males, including Ten,
00:33:39 But Shin must still win the approval
00:33:44 Finally, Shin is embraced
00:33:48 who will act as her sponsor
00:33:57 Shin settles down to enjoy
00:34:00 of her new community.
00:34:04 With equality between the sexes and
00:34:08 the social lives of bonobos
00:34:11 from that of
00:34:17 While chimps may wage war.
00:34:19 The gentle lives of bonobos show
00:34:22 although part of our primate
00:34:28 Their social lives are fascinating
00:34:31 yet it is the mystery and
00:34:35 minds that intrigues us most.
00:34:56 How deep is the mind of the chimp?
00:35:03 Christophe and Hedwige Boesch
00:35:07 through an extraordinary kind
00:35:10 There was this great day,
00:35:12 it was beginning of December
00:35:15 I was following chimps
00:35:19 I didn't know where I was anymore,
00:35:21 they were drumming, screaming,
00:35:26 And, suddenly,
00:35:28 and I was hiding under some vegetation
00:35:32 and there was a clearing
00:35:36 big branch sticking out
00:35:39 and I heard some banging so I
00:35:43 and I hear the chimps coming,
00:35:48 I could fee their warmth,
00:35:51 they all started climbing up these
00:35:57 and banging on something
00:36:00 they were cracking nuts.
00:36:03 The sight is unforgettable something
00:36:08 the image of these great animals
00:36:16 To crack nuts,
00:36:17 the chimps seem to have grasped
00:36:22 The anvil is a tree root; the hammer,
00:36:24 a wooden club,
00:36:27 Although it may seem effortless,
00:36:30 it takes a decade of practice before
00:36:36 When you look at these images
00:36:41 it looks terribly easy and people
00:36:47 I made an experiment:
00:36:49 I asked a primatologist
00:36:53 I gave him some nuts and a nice place
00:36:57 yeah, crack some nuts now.
00:36:59 You will see how easy it really is.
00:37:04 It took him 25 minutes
00:37:09 He took him 40 minutes
00:37:13 And you can imagine,
00:37:14 if you really have to fight 40 minutes
00:37:22 I remember the very first time
00:37:26 who was looking at her five year old
00:37:31 and she was fighting with a very,
00:37:33 very strange formed club and she was
00:37:39 and changing the grip of the hammer
00:37:43 And she was starting to whimper,
00:37:47 And then the mother came,
00:37:48 the infant immediately stepped
00:37:51 and the mother took the hammer
00:37:56 she turned the hammer
00:37:59 this turning the hammer,
00:38:02 so it was even slower than I did,
00:38:07 that's the way you should hold
00:38:10 and she cracked for some nuts for her
00:38:12 and then left and
00:38:16 with exactly the same grip
00:38:18 She still had some trouble to crack
00:38:22 changed the place of the hammer,
00:38:23 but kept all the time exactly the
00:38:27 So, that's really correcting an error
00:38:30 in an infant
00:38:33 form we would consider
00:38:36 and that just was kind of a surprise
00:38:42 for the animal doing that.
00:38:46 A young chimp's tutor is its mother,
00:38:49 who teaches it most of the skills it
00:38:58 The Boesch's research has shown
00:39:02 and dedicated tool users,
00:39:04 which may shed some light
00:39:07 of tool use among our own ancestors.
00:39:11 Already here we have a slight sexual
00:39:14 in that they crack more then males.
00:39:17 Another technique to crack nuts up
00:39:22 by females and they have to anticipate
00:39:27 in the tree and then they have to
00:39:30 hold the nuts in a fruit in the hand,
00:39:33 hold the baby and still crack somehow
00:39:38 And then we have a nut species Panda
00:39:42 you need stone tools to open it.
00:39:45 Stones are a rarity in the forest,
00:39:47 again, this technique is
00:39:51 It could make you think
00:39:54 in our ancestors was also
00:39:59 and the first tool users and tool
00:40:15 Females also transport learned skills
00:40:19 when they move from group to group
00:40:22 But, sadly, as chimp populations
00:40:27 of cultural exchange
00:40:32 Only recently have researchers
00:40:35 realized that some of the differences
00:40:37 between their study groups were
00:40:40 and passing along of learned traditions.
00:40:43 In the Kibale Forest of Uganda,
00:40:45 Richard Wrangham has found that
00:40:48 which enables some chimps
00:40:53 So, here we got a safari ant nest
00:40:56 and in five years
00:41:00 that the chimps here
00:41:03 but in Tai and in Gombe
00:41:07 A wand onto the nest
00:41:14 biting, no neat test,
00:41:17 you've got to be pretty quick and
00:41:21 Now, having just tasted them,
00:41:23 I can understand
00:41:26 but, on the whole,
00:41:29 Every chimp group has
00:41:33 Only at some locations
00:41:36 to capture ants or termites.
00:41:40 At Tai, they use bone picks
00:41:43 just as our earliest ancestors did.
00:41:51 They will also use a wodge
00:41:55 to help squeeze out every trace
00:42:00 While at Gombe, as well as at Tai,
00:42:02 chewed leaves make a sponge to quench
00:42:10 We have only begun to realize the depth
00:42:15 by the various "nations" of chimps.
00:42:19 One puzzling cultural practice is the
00:42:25 They ball them up in their mouths,
00:42:29 Well, here I've got one of the leaves
00:42:35 This particular one is the one
00:42:40 at dawn,
00:42:47 Well, one possibility is
00:42:50 This is so new that we don't even know
00:42:53 We think it's part of a tape worm
00:42:57 when the chimpanzees
00:42:59 they swallow the leaves
00:43:06 Scientists are now searching
00:43:08 for drugs among the plants
00:43:12 We have long tested human drugs
00:43:15 someday we may test drugs discovered
00:43:22 Chimpanzee cultures also
00:43:27 Besides their calls,
00:43:28 they use a symbolic language
00:43:31 Some gestures we hold in common a
00:43:40 Others we seem to recognize
00:43:44 and raise their arms in a salute
00:43:53 Other gestures, such a leaf grooming,
00:43:55 we are only beginning to decipher.
00:43:59 When a chimp wants to be groomed,
00:44:00 they pick a leaf and just,
00:44:04 sometimes bring a mouth to it
00:44:08 What does this mean?
00:44:09 Well, in functional terms,
00:44:11 but it's a symbol.
00:44:14 What it means to them is
00:44:18 or sometimes it means I'm interested
00:44:23 If these gestures are truly cultural,
00:44:26 we should be able to see them evolve
00:44:30 Christopher Boesch believes he has.
00:44:34 Leaf-clipping is a behavior
00:44:39 makes a specific sound
00:44:41 and in Tai they do it
00:44:46 The interesting thing is that,
00:44:48 chimps in Tai started for
00:44:53 when they were making a resting period
00:44:57 they would change position,
00:44:58 would do some leaf clipping,
00:45:01 A new context of use.
00:45:05 the individuals have started
00:45:09 in this new context were younger
00:45:15 There is much we could learn
00:45:17 but we are running our of time.
00:45:19 Poaching for meat and
00:45:22 are driving them towards extinction.
00:45:25 Today, Jane Goodall is fighting
00:45:31 We're finding that across Africa
00:45:32 where different researchers are
00:45:36 there are different traditions,
00:45:40 and the tragedy here is that the
00:45:45 not only, eh, is it sad
00:45:48 but their whole cultures are going, too
00:45:50 and that's the area where
00:45:55 The group studied by Christophe Boesch
00:45:59 The cause is a mystery.
00:46:01 Only rarely does he find any evidence
00:46:07 It's only in one of
00:46:11 And she was found by the
00:46:16 with her last baby dead and the oldest
00:46:24 The losses are tragic for the species,
00:46:31 I have lost, in the last six years,
00:46:35 There were 80,
00:46:38 So, it's a dramatic reduction and,
00:46:43 but for us it's depressing, yeah, sure
00:46:52 Predation and disease
00:46:55 but death at the hand of man
00:46:59 We have some clear proof that poachers
00:47:05 And I have the feeling that the toll
00:47:10 and it's this part which is the causes
00:47:16 if that is true,
00:47:17 it's very worrying not only
00:47:20 but for all the chimps in this park.
00:47:23 Each death is felt dearly.
00:47:26 Yet it is when chimps are forced
00:47:30 that we seem to catch a glimmer
00:47:35 What is striking is
00:47:40 I mean, they really feel the
00:47:45 and that they need help.
00:47:49 In one case, I observed a fresh
00:47:56 So, you have an individual that looks
00:47:58 actually very similar to a wounded one
00:48:02 and it was very surprising
00:48:06 totally differently,
00:48:07 as if they knew this individual
00:48:12 this individual is dead.
00:48:14 And all the adult males stayed around
00:48:18 groomed it a lot what they would
00:48:23 and, in a kind of a way,
00:48:26 asked for the other group members
00:48:29 And the only young that was authorized
00:48:32 to come to the body was
00:48:36 So, yeah, it makes you think
00:48:41 what they feel
00:48:48 We can only guess what this female,
00:48:50 called Castor,
00:48:55 Her infant is mortally ill.
00:49:01 Since her baby is too feeble
00:49:03 she resorts to carrying it
00:49:06 in search of the food she needs
00:49:20 Still the baby clings to life.
00:49:24 How do we really realize
00:49:27 How would we realize if we didn't have
00:49:31 So, I think, in a way,
00:49:37 that something, special is happening
00:49:39 that they would like
00:49:43 but that they can't and
00:49:48 Finally, the emaciated
00:50:05 Then with a gesture so human it's
00:50:09 she seems to bid her baby farewell
00:50:35 If chimps share with us the emotions
00:50:39 perhaps they share others, as well.
00:50:43 Jane Goodall wonders.
00:50:46 Do chimpanzees feel perhaps
00:50:49 similar to that which must have lead
00:50:51 to the first religions of
00:50:56 of rain, worship of rushing water
00:51:00 always going, yet always here?
00:51:59 Face to face with
00:52:04 Our mutual family history
00:52:09 brutal and shocking.
00:52:11 As humans, though, we are distinct,
00:52:13 and must choose how our own nature
00:52:17 But it's clear that, for good or ill,
00:52:22 just another of its promising
00:52:30 Through the study of the chimps,
00:52:33 which once strove to set us apart
00:52:36 has now brought us back within its fold
00:52:40 discovering this mind in the forest.
00:52:45 What grabs you is when
00:52:49 there that has a human like mind
00:52:53 that has extraordinary
00:52:56 and has got this beginnings
00:53:02 It's when we see into the mind of the
00:53:08 What it means in a deep way
00:53:10 is that as long as these
00:53:14 humans are in touch
00:53:17 and we know we're not completely alone