Workingman s Death

en
00:01:31 I, the best worker from shaft no. 9,
00:01:38 do solemnly swear
00:01:42 I will have extracted
00:01:56 I, the best worker from shaft no. 9,
00:02:01 do solemnly swear
00:02:05 I will have extracted
00:02:11 5 Portraits of Work in the 21st Century
00:02:52 HEROES
00:03:56 The difference between
00:03:58 Do you see this chunk?
00:04:03 I'm going to put it to the test now.
00:04:05 You see, it's rock.
00:04:09 This rust-colored lump is coal, see?
00:04:15 Coal.
00:04:18 And then you've also got
00:04:24 they're dark brown and look like coal,
00:04:30 I check each shovelful for coal
00:04:36 no matter how small it is.
00:04:39 There's definitely coal here.
00:04:43 If you dig deeper into this hole,
00:04:47 there's definitely coal, back there,
00:04:52 great big chunks.
00:05:25 Now everything's frozen
00:05:28 This time of year I can fill one sack a day.
00:05:32 But in the summertime
00:05:35 Honest, 2 to 3 sacks.
00:06:15 Alexei Stakhanov
00:06:28 August 31, 1935
00:06:30 A Historic Night
00:06:42 Donbass, Soviet Union
00:06:54 102 tons of coal in one shift.
00:07:08 Long live the Stakhanovite movement!
00:07:11 This land and age has grown great through work,
00:07:15 across the vast and open country...
00:07:20 the nation of Stakhanov heroes
00:07:24 and miners wage the fight for coal,
00:07:28 the nation of Stakhanov heroes
00:07:33 and miners wage the fight for coal.
00:07:36 In times of peace as well as war...
00:07:41 miners always love their country.
00:07:45 the nation of Stakhanov heroes
00:07:49 prepared to fight the enemy.
00:07:55 You can't compare us with Stakhanov,
00:08:05 We're not driven by enthusiasm.
00:08:07 We're not being pushed:
00:08:10 That was all just a show.
00:08:11 Yeah, just a show,
00:08:16 No, Stakhanovism wasn't a show,
00:08:18 it was a movement
00:08:21 No, Wolodja,
00:08:23 Sure, but we're motivated
00:08:26 Our enthusiasm comes from the
00:08:28 We work to survive.
00:08:29 If you don't work,
00:08:32 And that's that.
00:08:35 When Petrowitsch
00:08:37 "Hello, mine."
00:08:41 It's a kind of substitute prayer.
00:08:48 You come in and say,
00:08:50 go in further and say,
00:08:54 Or: "Tremble, mine!
00:08:56 "Here comes the drunken coal digger!"
00:09:05 We slaughtered the cow today.
00:09:56 This son of a bitch is driving me crazy.
00:10:02 Pickax?
00:10:12 Okay, buddy, here we go!
00:10:54 We used to work in government mines,
00:10:57 but they're all shut down now.
00:11:00 We had to find new jobs,
00:11:04 How we found this place?
00:11:10 The pits were already here.
00:11:14 We went in,
00:11:17 and that's how we started
00:11:21 It was as simple as that.
00:11:30 Not just sometimes,
00:11:33 It just has to cave in 10cm
00:11:36 There'd be no way
00:11:41 Is there still some in there?
00:11:46 Our grandfathers used to call
00:12:37 C'mon, slow down a little.
00:12:41 Just keep pushing and
00:14:08 My daughter told me her school
00:14:14 There's water
00:14:16 Everyone keeps their
00:14:19 Shit, all they do is take off their
00:14:24 Those fuckin' idiots.
00:14:32 The dumplings are good,
00:14:35 Ah, they were cooked in oil,
00:14:39 We should have
00:14:44 We should have worked faster.
00:14:49 Is your goat doing better?
00:14:51 Yes, she's better.
00:14:56 Tanja feeds her with a syringe.
00:15:02 One of mine died.
00:15:04 What, a kid?
00:15:06 What happened?
00:15:11 Borislawa fed and fed it,
00:15:14 We're doing it right. My wife says,
00:15:19 "I'm following the book.
00:15:22 "Let them be scrawny.
00:15:26 Who knows,
00:17:11 Don't get stuck.
00:17:32 Stop! Easy does it!
00:17:37 Wait till he's on his feet.
00:17:44 Here we go!
00:18:33 How our life together has been
00:18:36 It's been good, right?
00:18:41 Life itself is full of happiness.
00:18:43 Especially when we were
00:18:46 During vacations we'd drive all over,
00:18:50 Yes, we had a car
00:18:53 We always went some place.
00:18:56 Even now, we take outdoor trips with
00:19:02 And our celebrations are usually
00:19:08 But - we've lived together
00:19:10 and have never celebrated our anniversary.
00:19:14 In fact, we never really celebrated
00:19:16 I used to come here on my breaks,
00:19:21 I was in my third year and afterwards
00:19:30 He asked me,
00:19:33 We were celebrating New Year's
00:19:36 On January 2, he woke up
00:19:42 "You know what, we should get married.
00:19:49 I captured her.
00:22:10 Hi.
00:22:14 Who do we have here?
00:22:17 Why are you carrying her?
00:22:20 She's so little, our Knopochka!
00:22:24 Say: "How do you do?"
00:22:30 Is she doing alright now?
00:22:34 Yes, she's all better now.
00:22:52 Is there anything to eat?
00:22:55 Yes, I made pelmeni.
00:22:58 Yes, run me a bath.
00:23:02 Are you tired?
00:23:04 I'm exhausted.
00:23:07 Do you want to lie down?
00:23:12 I just want to sleep.
00:23:13 You've been lying on your back
00:23:16 I'm hungry.
00:23:18 Your dinner
00:23:20 Meanwhile you can run my bath.
00:23:23 In a second.
00:23:27 Of course our pit is illegal
00:23:31 But we see things differently.
00:23:33 The state doesn't give us
00:23:36 But we have to survive somehow.
00:23:40 Yes, and feed our families,
00:23:43 I'm not getting rich.
00:23:48 I'm doing this to survive,
00:25:03 At least you could work
00:25:07 I'm not complaining,
00:25:13 In any case I'm staying home tomorrow.
00:25:39 Do you like this job?
00:25:41 I think it's great.
00:25:45 To warm us up
00:25:52 Otherwise...
00:25:54 Sure we'd rather have
00:25:56 a job where we weren't
00:25:58 where we could wear clean clothes.
00:26:01 But we don't have that.
00:26:07 We should have gone to college.
00:26:09 And what good would
00:26:11 Knowledge is power.
00:26:14 No good.
00:26:16 and then none
00:26:19 Everything's closing,
00:26:23 That's the way it is.
00:26:59 As a girl, I wanted to become a dancer,
00:27:04 I loved to dance.
00:27:07 Now I dance with
00:27:10 That looks terrific.
00:27:13 You haul 1.5 to 2 tons a day and
00:27:19 What do you want to do tonight?
00:27:24 I can't wait to take a bath.
00:27:28 I don't know yet, I'm tired.
00:27:29 We could watch TV together.
00:27:32 It's too far for me,
00:27:38 On "The Word of Life"
00:27:40 "You commit a sin
00:27:43 "Stay home and pray
00:27:45 Yeah right, God will provide...
00:27:47 A loaf of bread will fall
00:29:17 Alexei Stakhanov
00:29:45 Now it's burning.
00:29:50 Okay, Slawa,
00:29:54 and may you enjoy
00:30:00 Let your things burn so you'll
00:30:09 Come, drink!
00:30:10 Here, Sergej, here.
00:30:14 Yes, congratulations and enjoy retired life!
00:31:09 GHOSTS
00:33:04 Kawah Ijen, INDONESIA
00:33:33 A friend of mine dreamt...
00:33:38 that a goat head
00:33:45 The goat head has to be taken up
00:34:09 If this sacrifice, which is to be made
00:34:16 an accident is sure to happen.
00:34:20 Once a woman fell into the volcano.
00:34:27 No one knows exactly how it happened.
00:34:30 What is certain is that
00:34:48 I can tell you exactly how it happened
00:34:53 He was working in Sari Enam.
00:34:56 While he was breaking off chunks of sulfur,
00:34:59 he suddenly slipped...
00:35:02 and fell into the boiling sulfur
00:35:44 What do you drink
00:35:46 It varies. Sometimes Johnnie Walker,
00:35:50 What's important is
00:35:54 and then you go into a bar
00:36:00 Sometimes your own body
00:36:05 Why do you have to get drunk first?
00:36:09 So that you are calm
00:36:13 I used to be able to take on 4 men.
00:36:16 Even 6 of them
00:36:21 I beat up the biggest one...
00:36:25 and the other ones ran away.
00:36:27 I do the same thing
00:36:34 I throw the one I beat up outside in the grass
00:36:39 Then I go home.
00:36:43 Is he dead then?
00:36:45 No, just unconscious -
00:36:49 Don't they come after you
00:36:52 Of course they come after you
00:36:57 Is that why you came here?
00:36:59 Yes, I fled straight here to
00:37:02 I heard there was sulfur work
00:37:10 I came here...
00:37:11 because it's better than getting
00:43:14 Are you one of Ijo's regular customers?
00:43:20 She's fantastic! She's so slender.
00:43:27 But what's the fat one's name?
00:43:32 Yes, Tagiri.
00:43:35 She's real fat.
00:43:41 I like the way she moves, though.
00:43:45 But moves aren't everything.
00:43:47 What counts is the satisfaction.
00:43:49 Oh yes, the satisfaction.
00:43:51 Yes exactly,
00:43:54 Yeah, instead of going to Tagiri,
00:43:59 I go down to Banyuwangi
00:44:06 There you pay 150 thousand,
00:44:10 A room costs
00:44:13 you have a little fun,
00:44:17 climb the mountain, go back down and
00:46:26 What else have they given you?
00:46:29 Cookies? Is that all, never a kiss?
00:46:32 What?
00:46:33 Yes, sure, once.
00:46:37 It happened to me once before too.
00:46:39 Three months ago I saw a woman
00:46:48 "You come from?"
00:46:50 And I asked her:
00:46:53 "What is name?"
00:46:55 What language is that?
00:46:59 Can you speak English?
00:47:02 Enough for a short conversation.
00:47:06 After we shook hands,
00:47:10 "I want to kiss you."
00:47:11 "Please." Then I kissed her
00:47:15 My nose was still dirty
00:47:19 But I was allowed to kiss her.
00:48:57 Show him a ten.
00:48:58 Ten? Do we want to buy it?
00:49:00 Yeah, for 10 it's OK.
00:49:03 Do you see the vapors
00:49:20 How many kilos are you carrying?
00:49:22 Really? That's a lot.
00:49:24 Yes, of course.
00:51:21 If we let our emotions get the better of us...
00:51:25 and let the teasing
00:51:28 we will quit our jobs
00:51:36 How much can you carry?
00:51:38 70kg, and you?
00:51:41 Me too.
00:51:44 But we manage those 70kg pretty well.
00:51:48 One shouldn't overdo things.
00:51:52 Forget what the others say about us.
00:51:57 And who knows,
00:52:06 We're climbing up the mountain,
00:52:10 climbing up, up, up,
00:53:00 Do you like to listen to
00:53:03 No.
00:53:07 Me either,
00:53:13 What's that?
00:53:16 Bon Jovi, Scorpions,
00:53:19 What kind of name is Bon Jovi?
00:53:24 That's the name of the band.
00:53:33 He's the singer,
00:53:42 And do you understand them?
00:53:44 Yes, I understand them. But I can't afford
00:53:55 The band is made up of four people:
00:54:00 Nicolas, Brian,
00:54:05 Adam, and Bon Jovi.
00:54:08 That many?
00:54:10 Yeah, like dangdut.
00:54:16 That means the group is called Bon Jovi?
00:54:20 Yes, they made the name of the
00:55:42 LIONS
00:57:09 Innards! Skin! Head!
00:57:12 Skin! Innards!
00:57:18 Innards! Skin! Head!
00:58:04 Mallam!
00:58:08 Hey, boy!
00:58:11 Mallam!
00:58:12 Be right there.
00:58:15 I come.
00:58:22 You got it lying down already?
00:58:25 You got it lying down?
00:58:30 Watch your foot!
00:58:34 That will be 40 naira.
00:58:51 Who does this one belong to?
00:58:56 I have the money.
00:59:01 You have to pay immediately.
01:00:15 Don't ask me, I can pay you.
01:00:17 Don't ask me, I can pay you.
01:00:20 I've always paid.
01:00:21 Sometimes you make problems.
00:00:36 My workday begins between
00:00:40 Usually I get up at 5
00:00:47 Killing goats
00:00:54 Before I slaughter a goat,
00:01:01 Normally we slaughter
00:01:06 Sometimes it's only 300.
00:01:12 Other days it's only 150.
00:01:15 But there are times when
00:01:19 and then we might have
00:01:22 And sometimes we even have
00:01:49 Now. You roast skin and I roast
00:01:53 This one he roasts heads.
00:01:55 He roasts skin too.
00:01:57 You roast skin?
00:01:57 And you? What do you roast?
00:02:00 I roast everything.
00:02:01 Everything? Humans too?
00:02:06 Any animal, I can roast it.
00:02:09 See, look. I roasted this.
00:02:12 Let me see.
00:02:13 Soak it and it'll turn white...
00:02:16 Nobody wants that.
00:02:20 Where are the customers? C'mon!
00:02:28 I don't tire, I don't tire,
00:02:32 We pray to God
00:02:33 governors and heads
00:02:36 to keep our borders open...
00:02:39 so that we can continue
00:02:42 This is the only way we
00:02:45 We kill it and roast it.
00:02:54 Roasting is very important.
00:02:57 The butcher's trade would be no good
00:03:00 Not everybody likes
00:03:01 Roasted meat is much more delicious
00:03:06 Listen up!
00:03:07 What do you want to say?
00:03:08 I'm roasting a goat for Mr. Chinedu.
00:03:11 He don't want to pay
00:03:14 And the government?
00:03:16 The government? I am the government!
00:03:19 Yeah. The government belongs to me!
00:03:21 How do you like this job?
00:03:23 This job wears me out.
00:03:26 It makes me happy,
00:03:28 And it's much more honorable
00:03:32 Stealing is a disgrace.
00:03:35 Yes, that's exactly right.
00:03:37 they cut off your head.
00:03:40 They slit your throat,
00:04:04 Clean water for sale!
00:04:18 I don't worry about tomorrow,
00:04:25 A-Boy is my name...
00:04:51 Where is the head butcher in this
00:04:55 I, the son of a lion, come to
00:04:59 May God protect you,
00:05:03 Of all the famous slaughterers
00:05:07 You are blessed with rich customers.
00:05:10 The poor
00:05:14 The government pays tribute to
00:05:18 Everyone in the River State
00:05:21 May almighty Allah bless you.
00:05:24 Of all the famous slaughterers
00:05:49 God bless all of you!
00:05:54 Of all slaughterers
00:05:56 You are the rich man whose abundance
00:07:47 Skin! Innards! Head!
00:07:50 Skin! Innards! Head!
00:07:53 Skin! Innards! Head!
00:07:57 Isn't 4,500 enough for you?!
00:07:58 Skin is expensive at the moment.
00:08:00 The neck skin is good,
00:08:04 That's ridiculous.
00:08:05 I'm telling you the neck is good,
00:08:11 Ask Mallam,
00:08:13 Okay, I'll give you another 100 naira,
00:08:19 100 naira, what do you say?
00:08:25 Tell him I'll pay 4,600.
00:08:31 Come here, feel the skin.
00:08:33 Skin! Innards! Head!
00:08:37 Make way!
00:10:34 Usually we work
00:10:38 Depending on the workload
00:10:48 I don't know if I'm the best
00:10:51 but I thank God for my skills.
00:10:54 Other people have other skills,
00:11:03 I believe this job makes me special.
00:11:12 You know why we mark the
00:11:15 We do this so
00:11:17 Lots of cow heads
00:11:22 Here you can see clearly.
00:11:27 The other head says the same thing:
00:11:29 Everyone here has his own marking.
00:11:33 If you use someone else's mark,
00:11:35 you're stigmatized as a thief and bring all
00:13:06 God will punish you!
00:13:23 In the name of God, the Beneficent,
00:13:25 Praise be to God,
00:13:29 Praise be to God,
00:13:33 Thee alone we worship;
00:13:36 Show us the straight path.
00:14:39 When the cow heads
00:14:41 we cut the horns.
00:14:44 we throw them on the fire.
00:14:49 When the hair is all singed,
00:14:51 we bring them down off the fire
00:14:54 Then we roast them a second time.
00:14:57 Now you have to check the heads,
00:14:59 when this side's done,
00:15:01 When the second side's done,
00:15:06 When that side is all done,
00:15:10 Then you wash 'em up good.
00:15:14 Then after they wash 'em,
00:15:19 Where they take 'em -
00:15:29 Then the owners come back
00:15:32 They pay us 100 naira
00:15:37 Depending on the workday...
00:15:39 each of us earns
00:15:42 And after work I earn some money
00:15:50 That's how it is.
00:16:16 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
00:16:21 11, 12, 13 dollars...
00:16:27 Don't have it.
00:16:30 Don't tell me! Give me, give me!
00:16:34 Alhaja, come!
00:16:38 You know
00:16:41 I'll tell you!
00:17:25 Go back and get your own!
00:17:29 No, these are the last two.
00:17:32 Hey man, sit down
00:17:35 This is mine! Let go!
00:17:41 Why are you pulling?
00:17:45 Go get a new piece!
00:18:23 Make way! Make way!
00:18:28 Make way!
00:18:31 Make way!
00:18:59 He who was born
00:19:01 will pass through
00:19:07 Especially if he began
00:19:10 that has yet to learn
00:19:16 We are born into suffering...
00:19:19 because in this country
00:19:25 So everyone here
00:19:29 And if God in His infinite mercy should...
00:19:32 bestow us with success,
00:19:36 so be it.
00:19:39 Skin! Innards! Head!
00:19:56 BROTHERS
00:20:44 My village is a beautiful garden
00:20:51 but being separated from you
00:20:54 As my wayfaring friend
00:20:58 he turned his face
00:21:03 so he could take leave of life
00:21:14 Many travelers have come,
00:21:18 but you were never
00:21:23 O my beloved,
00:21:27 in this place full of scrap metal
00:21:30 I yearn for you so dearly.
00:21:33 I beseeched the
00:21:37 to stop sending ships
00:21:43 I come from far away,
00:21:49 A garden without flowers
00:21:55 Here I am a stateless person,
00:22:01 with empty hands.
00:22:06 You have hurt me,
00:22:31 Most of the workers here
00:22:37 The Pashtuns are a poor people.
00:22:39 That's why they are here.
00:22:43 As for me,
00:22:46 but only because
00:22:49 I wouldn't be able to find
00:22:56 I came here when I was 16.
00:22:59 I worked for two years and
00:23:02 Then I went home.
00:23:04 I came back in 1991...
00:23:06 and now it's already 2004.
00:23:08 In all these years
00:23:11 everything is exactly
00:23:13 The pay has never
00:23:15 Neither back then,
00:23:17 Work, work, work.
00:23:19 For my entire adult life
00:23:45 We're like brothers to each other.
00:23:48 And we have to trust each other.
00:23:50 After all, we're all we've got.
00:23:53 If one of our fellow workers
00:23:56 we all get together
00:24:01 and whether we can
00:24:06 There is never
00:24:10 Fighting would only sap our energy,
00:24:13 which is something we can't afford.
00:24:16 Of course this is a shitty job,
00:24:19 but even so,
00:27:23 God gave us this task,
00:27:25 we're glad
00:27:29 This job is death itself.
00:27:31 One false step
00:27:35 Or a hunk of steel falls
00:27:37 Or the residual oil
00:27:40 Death is always with us.
00:27:42 We have to defeat our fear or we
00:27:46 But what choice does one have?
00:27:50 We stay here a whole year.
00:27:52 Then maybe we get to go home
00:27:55 Then we have to come back.
00:27:58 The time spent at home
00:28:01 We tell our families
00:28:04 That we enjoy
00:28:06 But you only get work here
00:28:18 Have the workers
00:28:25 Jalabe! Jalabe, you too!
00:29:26 Do you want tea?
00:29:27 No, thanks.
00:29:32 This cap
00:29:35 Let me see,
00:29:37 Friend.
00:29:39 It says:
00:29:45 So how are we going to cut
00:29:48 Straight,
00:29:51 It doesn't matter.
00:30:36 Why don't you cut a bigger hole?
00:30:39 You barely fit through.
00:30:46 Greetings, my friends.
00:30:49 How much for a photo?
00:30:52 Isn't that expensive?
00:30:54 That's the normal price.
00:30:59 We pay in advance,
00:31:01 Of course.
00:31:02 and 10 tomorrow
00:31:24 Take off your cap.
00:31:29 Excellent.
00:32:42 What is good and what is bad...
00:32:45 is for Allah to know.
00:32:49 We do our work
00:32:52 If we are injured,
00:32:55 or we don't mind,
00:32:59 We fear neither injuries
00:33:05 We are born to die.
00:33:19 Hurry up!
00:33:22 You've been down there
00:40:22 Here live the foreman Nani Mrachman
00:40:26 No trespassing without their
00:40:32 "When I think of you,
00:40:35 "You're far away from me.
00:40:37 "You are a traveler, like myself.
00:40:42 "Now our paths go separate ways,
00:40:45 "but my heart is with you."
00:40:50 Omar Khan says:
00:43:49 FUTURE
00:44:43 Hard work is like a load
00:44:47 challenging us to shoulder it.
00:44:49 Some loads are light,
00:44:59 If a man wants to succeed
00:45:01 that is, to achieve
00:45:04 he must bring his ideas...
00:45:06 into correspondence with the laws of...
00:45:08 the objective external world.
00:45:11 Otherwise he will fail
00:45:24 The masses have
00:45:28 They can organize themselves
00:45:32 where they can give full play
00:45:35 They can concentrate on production
00:45:40 more and more undertakings for
00:45:50 The world is yours,
00:45:53 but in the last analysis,
00:45:56 You young people,
00:45:58 are in the bloom of life,
00:46:01 at eight or nine
00:46:04 Our hope is placed on you.
00:46:07 The world belongs to you.
00:46:09 China's future belongs to you.
00:46:13 Mao Tse-tung
00:47:30 You can't compare
00:47:32 Technology has
00:47:35 Today you don't need
00:47:40 Today, strength alone
00:47:42 you need know-how, too.
00:47:44 I don't believe we should just
00:47:56 Yes, but one still
00:47:58 Of course we still have to work.
00:48:00 But intelligently and
00:48:02 and at the same time
00:48:05 The work must be done
00:48:09 Yes, no way around that.
00:48:17 Today we are confronted with
00:48:21 because these days technology counts more
00:48:27 and we are always modernizing
00:48:32 I still hope
00:48:34 will be preserved as
00:48:36 After all, they represent
00:48:39 The first row of blast furnaces was
00:48:46 Half a century
00:48:50 They bear
00:48:52 This makes it possible
00:48:56 whether or not it
00:49:12 China has shifted from a
00:49:21 and the present situation
00:49:27 We are the older generation of
00:49:30 and of course we want
00:49:32 to follow in our footsteps.
00:49:34 We are willing to sacrifice ourselves
00:49:39 in the name of the steel industry.
00:49:43 But times have changed
00:49:46 We cannot decide
00:49:51 We can't force...
00:49:54 our children to take up
00:50:47 Furnaces no. 2 and 3 are
00:50:50 Progress is continuing steadily.
00:50:53 We are competitive in the
00:50:55 Looking back over the past few years,
00:51:00 one can say that the
00:51:13 All around us, the area
00:51:18 just this place here...
00:51:20 still looks the same.
00:51:23 Here one can still feel the past...
00:51:26 and one's own childhood.
00:51:28 Sometimes my classmates and I come
00:51:31 We imitate the figures...
00:51:34 and pose like the soldiers
00:51:39 We think these poses look really
00:51:44 EPILOGUE
00:52:07 Duisburg-Nord Country Park, Germany
00:52:14 once the Duisburg-Meiderich Steelworks
00:54:21 Here molten iron flowed,
00:54:23 here thousands of fires burned
00:54:26 At the Duisburg-Meiderich smelting works the
00:54:31 365 days a year.
00:54:34 Here iron ore surrendered
00:54:36 without which modern life
00:54:41 37 million tons in more than 80 years.
00:54:45 From 1903 till 1985.
00:54:48 Then came the last shift.
00:54:51 But not the end;
00:54:53 The smelting plant was transformed
00:55:00 When night falls in Duisburg,
00:55:04 In neon green
00:55:06 ARTificial light
00:55:09 The British light artist Jonathan Park...
00:55:11 guides Duisburgians home
00:55:16 Experience the glowing furnaces
00:55:20 on weekends and holidays.
00:55:23 And let yourself be guided through the
00:55:29 Have we left anyone sitting
01:00:30 Translation: Kimi Lum