|
Food Inc
|
| 00:00:44 |
Michael Pollan: The way we eat |
| 00:00:47 |
than in the previous 10,000. |
| 00:00:51 |
But the image that's used |
| 00:00:54 |
it is still the imagery |
| 00:01:05 |
You go into the supermarket |
| 00:01:11 |
the picket fence, the silo, |
| 00:01:13 |
the '30s farmhouse |
| 00:01:17 |
It's the spinning |
| 00:01:29 |
The modern American |
| 00:01:31 |
has on average |
| 00:01:46 |
There are no seasons |
| 00:01:49 |
Now there are tomatoes |
| 00:01:51 |
grown halfway around the world, |
| 00:01:54 |
and ripened |
| 00:02:00 |
Although it looks |
| 00:02:02 |
it's kind of |
| 00:02:04 |
I mean, it's the idea |
| 00:02:26 |
In the meat aisle, |
| 00:02:33 |
Eric Schlosser: |
| 00:02:36 |
this curtain, |
| 00:02:38 |
and where our food |
| 00:02:40 |
The industry doesn't want |
| 00:02:43 |
about what you're eating, |
| 00:02:45 |
because if you knew, |
| 00:02:51 |
Pollan: If you follow |
| 00:02:53 |
from those shrink-wrapped |
| 00:02:55 |
you find a very |
| 00:02:58 |
The reality is a factory. |
| 00:03:00 |
It's not a farm. |
| 00:03:02 |
That meat is |
| 00:03:04 |
by huge multinational |
| 00:03:07 |
that have very little to do |
| 00:03:10 |
Schlosser: Now our food is coming |
| 00:03:14 |
where the animals and the workers are |
| 00:03:20 |
And the food has become |
| 00:03:22 |
in ways that are being |
| 00:03:26 |
Troy Roush: You've got a small group |
| 00:03:29 |
who control |
| 00:03:33 |
From seed |
| 00:03:35 |
they're gaining |
| 00:03:39 |
Schlosser: |
| 00:03:42 |
This is about what |
| 00:03:44 |
what we're allowed |
| 00:03:46 |
It's not just our health |
| 00:03:49 |
Carole Morison: The companies don't |
| 00:03:52 |
They don't want |
| 00:04:16 |
How about a nice chicken club sandwich |
| 00:04:18 |
You know, |
| 00:04:21 |
but I think what |
| 00:04:23 |
- is a burger. |
| 00:04:29 |
Schlosser's voice: |
| 00:04:31 |
remains a hamburger |
| 00:04:37 |
I had no idea that |
| 00:04:39 |
had changed what we eat |
| 00:04:46 |
I've been eating |
| 00:04:48 |
without having any idea |
| 00:04:50 |
any idea how powerful |
| 00:04:53 |
And it was the idea |
| 00:04:55 |
of this world deliberately |
| 00:04:59 |
I think that's one |
| 00:05:01 |
I became |
| 00:05:03 |
was to take the veil-- |
| 00:05:06 |
from important subjects |
| 00:05:11 |
(film projector clicking) |
| 00:05:14 |
Schlosser: |
| 00:05:16 |
really began |
| 00:05:18 |
In the 1930s, |
| 00:05:20 |
a new form |
| 00:05:22 |
and it was called |
| 00:05:27 |
The McDonald brothers had |
| 00:05:30 |
but they decided |
| 00:05:34 |
So they fired |
| 00:05:36 |
they got rid of most |
| 00:05:39 |
and they created |
| 00:05:41 |
to how to run |
| 00:05:43 |
They basically brought |
| 00:05:46 |
to the back |
| 00:05:52 |
They trained each worker |
| 00:05:55 |
again and again |
| 00:06:00 |
By having workers |
| 00:06:03 |
they could pay them |
| 00:06:05 |
and it was very easy |
| 00:06:08 |
It was inexpensive food, |
| 00:06:12 |
and this McDonald's |
| 00:06:16 |
was a huge |
| 00:06:21 |
That mentality |
| 00:06:24 |
conformity |
| 00:06:26 |
applied widely |
| 00:06:29 |
has all kinds of |
| 00:06:32 |
(mooing) |
| 00:06:36 |
When McDonald's is |
| 00:06:39 |
of ground beef |
| 00:06:41 |
and they want |
| 00:06:43 |
to taste, everywhere, |
| 00:06:46 |
they change how |
| 00:06:53 |
The McDonald's corporation |
| 00:06:55 |
is the largest purchaser |
| 00:06:57 |
and one of the largest |
| 00:07:00 |
chicken, tomatoes, |
| 00:07:05 |
These big big |
| 00:07:07 |
want big suppliers. |
| 00:07:09 |
And now there are essentially |
| 00:07:12 |
controlling |
| 00:07:22 |
In the 1970s, |
| 00:07:25 |
controlled only |
| 00:07:28 |
Today, the top four |
| 00:07:30 |
control more than 80% |
| 00:07:36 |
You see the same thing |
| 00:07:40 |
Even if you don't eat |
| 00:07:43 |
you're now eating meat |
| 00:07:46 |
by this system. |
| 00:07:52 |
You look at the labels |
| 00:07:54 |
and you see Farmer this, |
| 00:07:56 |
it's really just |
| 00:07:59 |
that are controlling |
| 00:08:02 |
We've never had |
| 00:08:05 |
and this powerful |
| 00:08:08 |
Tyson, for example, |
| 00:08:10 |
is the biggest meat-packing company |
| 00:08:13 |
The industry changed the entire way that |
| 00:08:19 |
Birds are now raised |
| 00:08:21 |
in half the time |
| 00:08:24 |
but now they're |
| 00:08:26 |
People like to eat |
| 00:08:28 |
so they redesigned |
| 00:08:31 |
to have large breasts. |
| 00:08:34 |
- (cheeping) |
| 00:08:37 |
they changed the farmer. |
| 00:08:41 |
Today, chicken farmers |
| 00:08:44 |
(thudding) |
| 00:08:45 |
A company like Tyson |
| 00:08:48 |
owns the birds from |
| 00:08:50 |
until the day that |
| 00:08:52 |
(buzzes) |
| 00:08:54 |
Let me go to the top. |
| 00:08:56 |
- Man: This is the Chicken-- |
| 00:08:59 |
The chicken industry |
| 00:09:02 |
for the integration |
| 00:09:05 |
and marketing |
| 00:09:06 |
that other industries |
| 00:09:09 |
because they see that we have achieved |
| 00:09:17 |
In a way, we're not |
| 00:09:19 |
we're producing food. |
| 00:09:22 |
It's all highly mechanized. |
| 00:09:23 |
So all the birds |
| 00:09:26 |
have to be almost |
| 00:09:31 |
What the system of intensive |
| 00:09:35 |
is to produce |
| 00:09:38 |
on a small amount of land |
| 00:09:41 |
at a very affordable price. |
| 00:09:43 |
Now somebody explain to me |
| 00:10:04 |
(sniffs) |
| 00:10:07 |
(chuckles) |
| 00:10:12 |
16 chicken houses |
| 00:10:15 |
And Chuck's son has |
| 00:10:19 |
The chicken industry |
| 00:10:23 |
and it's helped |
| 00:10:32 |
Here's my chicken |
| 00:10:37 |
I have about |
| 00:10:43 |
(barks) |
| 00:10:45 |
- What do you want? |
| 00:10:49 |
We have a contract |
| 00:10:52 |
They've been growing chickens |
| 00:10:55 |
It's all a science. |
| 00:10:58 |
If you can grow |
| 00:11:02 |
why would you want one you gotta grow |
| 00:11:06 |
More money |
| 00:11:09 |
(chickens clucking) |
| 00:11:15 |
These chickens |
| 00:11:18 |
They're pretty much |
| 00:11:40 |
Man: So you think they just |
| 00:11:43 |
I don't know. |
| 00:11:45 |
If I knew, |
| 00:11:48 |
It would be nice if y'all could see |
| 00:11:52 |
but as far |
| 00:11:55 |
we can't let you |
| 00:12:13 |
I understand why farmers |
| 00:12:16 |
because the company can |
| 00:12:18 |
as far as pay goes |
| 00:12:21 |
But it's just gotten |
| 00:12:24 |
that it's not right |
| 00:12:27 |
and I've just |
| 00:12:29 |
I'm gonna say |
| 00:12:31 |
I understand why others |
| 00:12:33 |
And I'm just to a point |
| 00:12:36 |
that it doesn't |
| 00:12:37 |
Something has |
| 00:12:50 |
(loud clucking) |
| 00:12:54 |
It is nasty in here. |
| 00:12:56 |
There's dust |
| 00:12:58 |
There's feces |
| 00:13:00 |
This isn't farming. |
| 00:13:02 |
This is just |
| 00:13:04 |
like an assembly line |
| 00:13:06 |
(fans whirring) |
| 00:13:09 |
When they grow |
| 00:13:11 |
and in seven weeks you've |
| 00:13:14 |
their bones |
| 00:13:16 |
can't keep up |
| 00:13:18 |
A lot of these chickens here, |
| 00:13:22 |
and then they plop down. |
| 00:13:25 |
keep up all the weight |
| 00:13:29 |
(wheezes) |
| 00:14:06 |
That's normal. |
| 00:14:12 |
There's antibiotics |
| 00:14:14 |
and of course that passes |
| 00:14:16 |
The bacteria |
| 00:14:20 |
so antibiotics |
| 00:14:22 |
I have become allergic |
| 00:14:25 |
and can't take 'em. |
| 00:14:34 |
(clucking) |
| 00:14:36 |
Morison: |
| 00:14:39 |
the chickens lay down. |
| 00:14:42 |
when they're |
| 00:14:47 |
Traditionally, it's been |
| 00:14:52 |
Now we're seeing more |
| 00:14:58 |
undocumented workers. |
| 00:15:00 |
From their point of view, |
| 00:15:03 |
and they're just not |
| 00:15:05 |
The companies like |
| 00:15:09 |
It doesn't matter |
| 00:15:11 |
All of the chickens |
| 00:15:13 |
for processing. |
| 00:15:35 |
The companies keep |
| 00:15:38 |
because of the debt |
| 00:15:42 |
To build one poultry house |
| 00:15:44 |
is anywhere from $280,000 |
| 00:15:49 |
And once you make |
| 00:15:52 |
the companies |
| 00:15:54 |
with demands |
| 00:15:56 |
for new equipment, |
| 00:15:58 |
and the grower |
| 00:16:00 |
They have to do it |
| 00:16:02 |
or you're threatened |
| 00:16:07 |
This is how they keep |
| 00:16:10 |
It's how they keep them |
| 00:16:12 |
going to the bank |
| 00:16:14 |
The debt just |
| 00:16:18 |
To have no say |
| 00:16:21 |
it's degrading. |
| 00:16:23 |
It's like being |
| 00:17:16 |
Pollan: The idea that you would |
| 00:17:18 |
telling people |
| 00:17:20 |
is just a sign of how far removed |
| 00:17:22 |
It seems to me that we're entitled |
| 00:17:26 |
"Who owns it? |
| 00:17:29 |
Can I have a look |
| 00:17:36 |
When I wanted to understand |
| 00:17:38 |
what I set about doing |
| 00:17:41 |
I wanted to trace |
| 00:17:45 |
When you go through |
| 00:17:47 |
what looks like this cornucopia |
| 00:17:51 |
There is an illusion |
| 00:17:53 |
There are only |
| 00:17:55 |
and there're |
| 00:17:58 |
What really |
| 00:18:01 |
as I followed that food |
| 00:18:03 |
I kept ending up |
| 00:18:05 |
and that was |
| 00:18:09 |
So much of our |
| 00:18:11 |
turns out to be clever |
| 00:18:21 |
Corn has conquered the world |
| 00:18:25 |
It is a remarkable plant. |
| 00:18:28 |
100 years ago, |
| 00:18:31 |
could grow maybe 20 bushels of corn |
| 00:18:34 |
Today, 200 bushels |
| 00:18:37 |
That's an astonishing |
| 00:18:40 |
for which breeders |
| 00:18:42 |
for which fertilizer |
| 00:18:44 |
for which pesticide makers |
| 00:18:53 |
Roush: |
| 00:18:55 |
30% of our land base |
| 00:19:00 |
That's largely driven |
| 00:19:03 |
government policy that, |
| 00:19:05 |
allows us to produce corn |
| 00:19:09 |
The truth of the matter is |
| 00:19:13 |
and it was caused by |
| 00:19:15 |
these large |
| 00:19:18 |
The reason our government's |
| 00:19:20 |
the Cargills, the ADMs, |
| 00:19:25 |
they have an interest in purchasing corn |
| 00:19:29 |
They use that interest and that |
| 00:19:33 |
to lobby Congress to give us the kind |
| 00:19:38 |
Pollan: |
| 00:19:39 |
which should really be |
| 00:19:41 |
codifies the rules |
| 00:19:45 |
Farm policy is always focused |
| 00:19:48 |
because you can |
| 00:19:53 |
We encourage farmers to grow |
| 00:19:56 |
to get big, |
| 00:20:00 |
We subsidize farmers |
| 00:20:04 |
Roush: |
| 00:20:07 |
and they came up |
| 00:20:11 |
Larry Johnson: |
| 00:20:15 |
We know where to turn to |
| 00:20:17 |
like mouth feel and flavor. |
| 00:20:19 |
And we bring all of these |
| 00:20:21 |
and engineer new foods |
| 00:20:24 |
that don't stale |
| 00:20:26 |
don't develop rancidity. |
| 00:20:29 |
Of course the biggest advance |
| 00:20:32 |
was high-fructose |
| 00:20:35 |
You know, |
| 00:20:37 |
if you go and look |
| 00:20:39 |
I'll bet you 90% of them |
| 00:20:41 |
would contain either |
| 00:20:44 |
and most of the time |
| 00:21:04 |
Pollan: |
| 00:21:06 |
You get that big fat |
| 00:21:09 |
and you can break that down |
| 00:21:12 |
You can make |
| 00:21:14 |
You can make maltodextrin |
| 00:21:15 |
and diglycerides |
| 00:21:18 |
and ascorbic acid. |
| 00:21:20 |
All those obscure ingredients |
| 00:21:23 |
it's remarkable how many of them can be |
| 00:21:26 |
Plus, you can feed it |
| 00:21:28 |
Roush: Corn is the main component |
| 00:21:32 |
whether it's chicken, |
| 00:21:36 |
Pollan: Increasingly, we're feeding |
| 00:21:39 |
whether we're eating the tilapia |
| 00:21:41 |
We're teaching fish |
| 00:21:47 |
The fact that we had |
| 00:21:50 |
really allowed us to drive |
| 00:21:54 |
I mean, the average American |
| 00:21:57 |
of meat per person |
| 00:22:00 |
That wouldn't |
| 00:22:02 |
had we not fed them |
| 00:22:08 |
Since you're selling corn |
| 00:22:11 |
the feedlot operator |
| 00:22:14 |
at a fraction |
| 00:22:16 |
so that all the animals |
| 00:22:20 |
of all the farms |
| 00:22:25 |
There is a spiderweb |
| 00:22:27 |
of roads |
| 00:22:30 |
all around the country |
| 00:22:32 |
from where it's being grown |
| 00:22:41 |
Cows are not designed |
| 00:22:44 |
They're designed |
| 00:22:46 |
And the only reason |
| 00:22:49 |
is because corn is |
| 00:22:51 |
and corn makes them |
| 00:22:55 |
(cow moos) |
| 00:23:04 |
Man: |
| 00:23:06 |
I'm actually |
| 00:23:09 |
that first compartment |
| 00:23:14 |
And it's-- |
| 00:23:16 |
it's not-- |
| 00:23:18 |
it's kind of hard to see. |
| 00:23:20 |
You can see |
| 00:23:23 |
Man: Wow. |
| 00:23:25 |
- Does that hurt the cow? |
| 00:23:29 |
There's microorganisms-- |
| 00:23:30 |
bacteria in the rumen, |
| 00:23:33 |
The animals evolved |
| 00:23:35 |
on consuming grass. |
| 00:23:38 |
There's some research |
| 00:23:40 |
that a high-corn diet |
| 00:23:43 |
E. coli that are |
| 00:23:47 |
And these would be |
| 00:23:55 |
Pollan: |
| 00:23:57 |
and E. coli, which is a very |
| 00:24:01 |
a certain |
| 00:24:05 |
and a strain called |
| 00:24:09 |
appears on |
| 00:24:12 |
And it's a product of the diet |
| 00:24:15 |
and it's a product |
| 00:24:20 |
The animals |
| 00:24:22 |
in their manure |
| 00:24:25 |
So if one cow has it, |
| 00:24:27 |
the other cows |
| 00:24:30 |
When they get |
| 00:24:32 |
their hides are |
| 00:24:34 |
And if the slaughterhouse |
| 00:24:37 |
400 animals an hour, |
| 00:24:39 |
how do you keep |
| 00:24:41 |
from getting |
| 00:24:43 |
And that's how the manure |
| 00:24:47 |
And now this thing |
| 00:24:49 |
is in the food system. |
| 00:25:02 |
A fast-food nightmare |
| 00:25:04 |
A two-year-old child died |
| 00:25:06 |
And the killer? Tainted meat from |
| 00:25:10 |
A nationwide recall today |
| 00:25:11 |
for more than 140 tons |
| 00:25:14 |
Man: |
| 00:25:16 |
Man #2: Today, nationwide recalls |
| 00:25:20 |
Schlosser: |
| 00:25:23 |
it's been found |
| 00:25:26 |
and this is really because of the runoff |
| 00:25:30 |
90 confirmed cases |
| 00:25:33 |
Central to it all-- |
| 00:25:35 |
Man #3: This is the 20th |
| 00:25:38 |
in just the last decade. |
| 00:25:40 |
Schlosser: For years during |
| 00:25:43 |
the chief of staff |
| 00:25:45 |
was the former |
| 00:25:47 |
to the beef industry |
| 00:25:49 |
the head of the F.D.A. was |
| 00:25:53 |
of the National |
| 00:25:56 |
These regulatory agencies |
| 00:25:58 |
are being controlled |
| 00:26:00 |
that they're supposed |
| 00:26:02 |
Woman: ConAgra, which recently |
| 00:26:05 |
contaminated |
| 00:26:07 |
was aware of problems |
| 00:26:21 |
Schlosser: |
| 00:26:23 |
As more and more |
| 00:26:26 |
is being applied |
| 00:26:28 |
you would think |
| 00:26:30 |
not more contaminated. |
| 00:26:31 |
But the processing plants |
| 00:26:34 |
it's just perfect |
| 00:26:38 |
and spreading them |
| 00:26:40 |
Woman: The recall of frozen |
| 00:26:43 |
22 million pounds. |
| 00:26:45 |
Enough meat to make |
| 00:26:47 |
for every adult in America |
| 00:26:51 |
Schlosser: In the 1970s, |
| 00:26:53 |
of slaughterhouses |
| 00:26:56 |
Today we have |
| 00:26:59 |
that process |
| 00:27:02 |
that is sold |
| 00:27:04 |
The hamburger of today, |
| 00:27:06 |
it has pieces of thousands |
| 00:27:10 |
ground up in that |
| 00:27:12 |
The odds increase exponentially |
| 00:27:17 |
was carrying |
| 00:27:19 |
It's remarkable |
| 00:27:23 |
our regulatory agencies are |
| 00:27:27 |
and that's how |
| 00:27:38 |
Patricia Buck: This is the USDA |
| 00:27:42 |
Did Josh say how much time |
| 00:27:45 |
- Five minutes. |
| 00:27:47 |
Well, maybe as much as 15. |
| 00:27:50 |
- It starts a 4:00. |
| 00:27:52 |
So if I start |
| 00:27:55 |
- or start shuffling papers, it's time. |
| 00:27:59 |
Thank you! |
| 00:28:03 |
Kowalcyk: |
| 00:28:06 |
I've always been |
| 00:28:09 |
I never thought |
| 00:28:12 |
and I certainly never |
| 00:28:14 |
working so closely |
| 00:28:16 |
- We go this way? Okay. |
| 00:28:18 |
Made a mistake-- |
| 00:28:21 |
Kowalcyk: My mom and I, |
| 00:28:23 |
taken on |
| 00:28:26 |
2421? 2421. |
| 00:28:28 |
Here we are. |
| 00:28:36 |
- Hi. |
| 00:28:38 |
- How are you? |
| 00:28:40 |
- Hi, Pat. |
| 00:28:42 |
- Hi, Barb. |
| 00:28:46 |
to establish food standards, |
| 00:28:50 |
We reduced funding |
| 00:28:53 |
We've relied increasingly |
| 00:28:55 |
on self-policing for all |
| 00:28:58 |
And now |
| 00:29:01 |
lost our system. |
| 00:29:05 |
You're really one |
| 00:29:08 |
for food safety and it's a very |
| 00:29:10 |
It's very personal |
| 00:29:14 |
Our food safety advocacy |
| 00:29:18 |
when my two-and- |
| 00:29:21 |
was stricken |
| 00:29:25 |
and went from being |
| 00:29:29 |
beautiful little boy-- |
| 00:29:31 |
and I have a small picture |
| 00:29:33 |
that was taken two weeks |
| 00:29:36 |
He went from that |
| 00:29:44 |
In July 2001, |
| 00:29:46 |
our family took |
| 00:29:49 |
Had we known what was |
| 00:29:52 |
we would have |
| 00:29:56 |
We ended up eating three hamburgers |
| 00:30:01 |
We started to see blood |
| 00:30:05 |
so we took him |
| 00:30:09 |
And they said, |
| 00:30:11 |
the culture back |
| 00:30:14 |
and he has |
| 00:30:20 |
They came in |
| 00:30:22 |
that Kevin's kidneys were |
| 00:30:26 |
Kevin received |
| 00:30:31 |
He was not allowed |
| 00:30:34 |
We had these |
| 00:30:37 |
and we were allowed to dip that |
| 00:30:40 |
and then give him that. |
| 00:30:45 |
He bit the head off |
| 00:30:50 |
You've never seen |
| 00:30:53 |
He begged for water. |
| 00:30:57 |
They wouldn't let anybody |
| 00:31:00 |
because-- I mean, it was |
| 00:31:03 |
was... water. |
| 00:31:06 |
(waves lapping) |
| 00:31:10 |
I don't know if he knew |
| 00:31:16 |
and I hope-- |
| 00:31:20 |
To watch |
| 00:31:22 |
from being perfectly healthy |
| 00:31:26 |
it was just unbelievable |
| 00:31:28 |
that this could happen |
| 00:31:33 |
What was kind of adding |
| 00:31:36 |
it took us almost |
| 00:31:39 |
and hiring |
| 00:31:41 |
to actually find out that |
| 00:31:43 |
On August 1st, my son was already |
| 00:31:46 |
They did an E. coli test |
| 00:31:50 |
They didn't end up |
| 00:31:52 |
until August 27th, |
| 00:31:54 |
16 days after he died. |
| 00:31:57 |
If we have some more hearings-- |
| 00:32:00 |
I'd love to have |
| 00:32:02 |
- Keep fighting. |
| 00:32:05 |
Kowalcyk: You never get over |
| 00:32:08 |
You find a new normal. |
| 00:32:11 |
- Buck: This way? |
| 00:32:13 |
- We're going this way? |
| 00:32:15 |
Kowalcyk: |
| 00:32:17 |
to protect us, |
| 00:32:19 |
and we're not |
| 00:32:22 |
at a most basic level. |
| 00:32:27 |
In 1998, the USDA implemented |
| 00:32:31 |
for salmonella |
| 00:32:37 |
The idea was that if a plant |
| 00:32:42 |
that the USDA would |
| 00:32:44 |
because they obviously had an ongoing |
| 00:32:48 |
The meat |
| 00:32:50 |
immediately took |
| 00:32:54 |
The courts |
| 00:32:56 |
the USDA didn't have |
| 00:32:58 |
to shut down the plants. |
| 00:33:00 |
What it meant was that |
| 00:33:02 |
you could have a pound |
| 00:33:05 |
that is a petri dish |
| 00:33:08 |
and the USDA |
| 00:33:15 |
A new law was introduced |
| 00:33:18 |
and this law became known |
| 00:33:33 |
It seems like such a clear-cut, |
| 00:33:37 |
- How are things going? |
| 00:33:39 |
Kowalcyk: |
| 00:33:41 |
and it still |
| 00:33:43 |
I sense that |
| 00:33:46 |
an opportunity-- |
| 00:33:48 |
to get this signed |
| 00:33:50 |
I think that from the standpoint |
| 00:33:53 |
a lot of people would |
| 00:33:55 |
of paying a little more |
| 00:33:58 |
a higher standard |
| 00:34:01 |
- Kowalcyk: Yeah. |
| 00:34:03 |
that there are |
| 00:34:04 |
- in the food production chain... |
| 00:34:07 |
...that tend |
| 00:34:10 |
because it's gonna be seen as an add-on |
| 00:34:13 |
I think |
| 00:34:15 |
Kowalcyk: |
| 00:34:17 |
industry was more protected |
| 00:34:20 |
That's what motivated me |
| 00:34:24 |
In the past year alone, |
| 00:34:27 |
a multitude of food-borne |
| 00:34:29 |
which have resulted |
| 00:34:31 |
Clearly |
| 00:34:33 |
to food oversight |
| 00:34:35 |
is not meeting the needs |
| 00:34:44 |
It's really hard for me |
| 00:34:49 |
But the only way |
| 00:34:51 |
to prevent it from happening |
| 00:34:53 |
is to go out there |
| 00:35:01 |
Yeah. |
| 00:35:07 |
Six are elementary school students, |
| 00:35:10 |
and there's another one |
| 00:35:12 |
in Kentucky, so... |
| 00:35:18 |
Kowalcyk: |
| 00:35:20 |
since my son died. |
| 00:35:24 |
All I wanted |
| 00:35:27 |
was say "We're sorry. |
| 00:35:29 |
We produced |
| 00:35:31 |
that killed your child, |
| 00:35:33 |
we're going to do to make sure |
| 00:35:36 |
That's all we wanted, |
| 00:35:38 |
and they couldn't |
| 00:35:51 |
Pollan: The industrial food system |
| 00:35:53 |
for greater efficiency, |
| 00:35:56 |
leads to problems. |
| 00:35:59 |
If you take feedlot cattle off |
| 00:36:02 |
give them grass |
| 00:36:04 |
they will shed 80% of the E. coli |
| 00:36:07 |
But of course that's not what |
| 00:36:09 |
The industry's approach is-- |
| 00:36:11 |
when it has a systematic |
| 00:36:13 |
is not to go back and see |
| 00:36:16 |
it's to come up some high-tech fixes |
| 00:36:29 |
Man: |
| 00:36:31 |
low level. Low level. |
| 00:36:33 |
(man speaks |
| 00:36:36 |
Eldon Roth: |
| 00:36:38 |
We control all |
| 00:36:40 |
Where's Chicago? |
| 00:36:42 |
Georgia, Utah, Kansas, |
| 00:36:44 |
Nebraska, |
| 00:36:50 |
We control all levels |
| 00:36:52 |
the speed of motors-- |
| 00:36:54 |
we can change |
| 00:37:04 |
We built something that-- |
| 00:37:06 |
from a food-safety |
| 00:37:08 |
we think we're |
| 00:37:10 |
We think we can lessen |
| 00:37:14 |
of E. coli 0157:h7. |
| 00:37:16 |
(beeps) |
| 00:37:18 |
But I just started |
| 00:37:20 |
and ammonia hydroxide. |
| 00:37:23 |
Ammonia kills bacteria, |
| 00:37:26 |
so it became |
| 00:37:41 |
I'm really a mechanic. |
| 00:37:43 |
That's really what I am. |
| 00:37:44 |
We design |
| 00:38:00 |
(whirring) |
| 00:38:11 |
Roth: |
| 00:38:24 |
Man: Is your meat in most |
| 00:38:27 |
Roth: 70%. |
| 00:38:29 |
In five years, |
| 00:38:32 |
We do have |
| 00:38:34 |
I think |
| 00:38:37 |
- (buzzes) |
| 00:38:40 |
of science |
| 00:38:42 |
(man speaking |
| 00:38:57 |
I want dollar meal-- |
| 00:39:00 |
- five rodeo cheeseburgers... |
| 00:39:04 |
...two chicken sandwich. |
| 00:39:06 |
- Woman: Anything else? |
| 00:39:08 |
and give me |
| 00:39:10 |
- $11.48. |
| 00:39:12 |
First window. |
| 00:39:19 |
Maria Gonzalez: We didn't |
| 00:39:21 |
because we used to think |
| 00:39:23 |
- Here you go. |
| 00:39:25 |
- Have a nice day. |
| 00:39:29 |
Maria: |
| 00:39:31 |
really unhealthy for us, |
| 00:39:33 |
I feel guilty |
| 00:39:36 |
But we don't have time to cook |
| 00:39:40 |
We don't get home |
| 00:39:44 |
When you have only |
| 00:39:46 |
and you have |
| 00:39:48 |
either you go |
| 00:39:51 |
and try to find |
| 00:39:52 |
or just go straight |
| 00:39:54 |
and get two small |
| 00:39:57 |
and "Okay, here. |
| 00:39:59 |
This is what's |
| 00:40:01 |
not that one single item |
| 00:40:10 |
Look at the broccoli. |
| 00:40:11 |
It's too expensive, man. |
| 00:40:16 |
- What do you want to eat then? |
| 00:40:20 |
First check to see how many are there |
| 00:40:28 |
- Uh, we're not getting it. |
| 00:40:30 |
You'd only get |
| 00:40:32 |
- No. Come on. |
| 00:40:40 |
Maria: We can find candy |
| 00:40:43 |
We can find chips |
| 00:40:45 |
The sodas are |
| 00:40:47 |
Sometimes you look |
| 00:40:49 |
"Okay, we can get |
| 00:40:51 |
for the same amount |
| 00:40:54 |
Pollan: |
| 00:40:56 |
a double-cheeseburger |
| 00:40:58 |
and you can't even get |
| 00:41:01 |
- You want the small one? |
| 00:41:04 |
to the bad calories |
| 00:41:06 |
and it's not |
| 00:41:09 |
I mean, the reasons that those calories |
| 00:41:13 |
because those are the ones |
| 00:41:18 |
And this is directly tied |
| 00:41:21 |
that we're practicing |
| 00:41:22 |
and the kind |
| 00:41:24 |
All those |
| 00:41:26 |
the ones that come |
| 00:41:29 |
from the wheat, |
| 00:41:31 |
and from the soybeans. |
| 00:41:33 |
By making those calories |
| 00:41:35 |
that's one of the reasons |
| 00:41:38 |
of obesity is |
| 00:41:40 |
Over the course |
| 00:41:42 |
we were struggling |
| 00:41:44 |
enough food |
| 00:41:46 |
for a sizable percentage |
| 00:41:48 |
Now the problem is |
| 00:41:50 |
The industry |
| 00:41:53 |
on a crisis of personal |
| 00:41:55 |
But when you're |
| 00:41:58 |
you are pressing |
| 00:42:01 |
The fact is |
| 00:42:03 |
to go for three tastes-- |
| 00:42:06 |
salt, fat and sugar. |
| 00:42:08 |
These things are |
| 00:42:10 |
Now sugar is |
| 00:42:13 |
in tremendous quantities. |
| 00:42:15 |
We're eating hundreds of pounds |
| 00:42:18 |
This diet |
| 00:42:20 |
and refined carbohydrates |
| 00:42:22 |
leads to these spikes |
| 00:42:24 |
and, gradually, a wearing down |
| 00:42:27 |
by which our body |
| 00:42:34 |
Maria: |
| 00:42:37 |
One of my main concerns is |
| 00:42:39 |
he could lose his sight. |
| 00:42:41 |
He does get into-- |
| 00:42:46 |
so I'm afraid that he's gonna start |
| 00:42:49 |
'cause that's what |
| 00:42:51 |
We have to consider |
| 00:42:54 |
What is it, $70? |
| 00:42:56 |
50 pills costs me |
| 00:42:59 |
Maria: But he's on two |
| 00:43:01 |
$100-and-something |
| 00:43:03 |
and then $100- |
| 00:43:05 |
That takes a lot |
| 00:43:07 |
We're really tight |
| 00:43:10 |
paying for his medicine |
| 00:43:12 |
or buying vegetables |
| 00:43:16 |
So which one |
| 00:43:20 |
It's hard to see my dad |
| 00:43:23 |
and stuff like that. |
| 00:43:25 |
And it's really sad to see |
| 00:43:28 |
There's something |
| 00:43:30 |
in the way |
| 00:43:32 |
where we play, |
| 00:43:34 |
and the types of food |
| 00:43:36 |
that is causing |
| 00:43:39 |
It's not just |
| 00:43:40 |
It's not just Baldwin Park. |
| 00:43:42 |
How many of us |
| 00:43:44 |
in our family |
| 00:43:48 |
How about two? |
| 00:43:51 |
Three? |
| 00:43:53 |
It used to be that |
| 00:43:56 |
only affected adults. |
| 00:43:58 |
And now it's affecting children |
| 00:44:03 |
(kids laughing) |
| 00:44:19 |
(birds chirping) |
| 00:44:30 |
(chickens clucking) |
| 00:44:57 |
Joel Salatin: |
| 00:44:59 |
in modern industrial |
| 00:45:01 |
is to grow it faster, |
| 00:45:06 |
Nobody's thinking |
| 00:45:08 |
type 2 diabetes |
| 00:45:11 |
of the whole system. |
| 00:45:14 |
We're outsourcing |
| 00:45:16 |
autonomous farmer |
| 00:45:20 |
we're outsourcing that |
| 00:45:22 |
in big cities |
| 00:45:25 |
where people make decisions |
| 00:45:27 |
with the consequences |
| 00:45:30 |
(cows mooing) |
| 00:45:49 |
Everything is |
| 00:45:51 |
You know, they don't eat |
| 00:45:55 |
or chicken manure like they feed |
| 00:45:58 |
or dead chickens. |
| 00:46:00 |
They actually eat |
| 00:46:04 |
you know, clover, |
| 00:46:06 |
They're herbivores. |
| 00:46:09 |
If they were eating corn, |
| 00:46:11 |
you're gonna have to harvest that corn, |
| 00:46:14 |
then you're gonna have to haul |
| 00:46:18 |
that comes out |
| 00:46:20 |
Here... it's-- |
| 00:46:23 |
there-- there is |
| 00:46:26 |
I mean the cow is-- |
| 00:46:29 |
She's mowing. We don't have to |
| 00:46:31 |
We don't have to harvest it-- |
| 00:46:34 |
It's all real time-- |
| 00:46:39 |
The industrial food system |
| 00:46:41 |
gradually became |
| 00:46:44 |
not a person-friendly place, |
| 00:46:47 |
that the people |
| 00:46:49 |
don't want anybody |
| 00:46:51 |
because then people would |
| 00:46:55 |
When that occurred, |
| 00:46:56 |
then we lost |
| 00:46:59 |
and all the accountability |
| 00:47:04 |
If we put glass walls |
| 00:47:06 |
on all the megaprocessing |
| 00:47:09 |
we would have a different food system |
| 00:47:12 |
(knife zinging) |
| 00:47:16 |
- (clucking) |
| 00:47:42 |
Salatin: |
| 00:47:44 |
to become so disconnected |
| 00:47:47 |
- about something that is as intimate... |
| 00:47:51 |
- ...as the food that we eat. |
| 00:47:55 |
What a difference |
| 00:47:58 |
in the fresh air, |
| 00:47:59 |
birds singing |
| 00:48:01 |
But you see, |
| 00:48:04 |
this is unsanitary |
| 00:48:06 |
because it's open |
| 00:48:08 |
They tried |
| 00:48:09 |
One of the biggest |
| 00:48:12 |
when they tried |
| 00:48:13 |
because this was |
| 00:48:16 |
Can you imagine? |
| 00:48:17 |
So we had them cultured |
| 00:48:23 |
Ours averaged |
| 00:48:28 |
and the ones |
| 00:48:30 |
averaged 3600. |
| 00:48:33 |
Of course, those have been through |
| 00:48:36 |
Ours haven't seen |
| 00:48:40 |
A lot of people wonder |
| 00:48:43 |
I mean, can you really |
| 00:48:45 |
That whole thing is |
| 00:48:49 |
because, yes, |
| 00:48:53 |
we're every bit |
| 00:48:54 |
especially |
| 00:48:57 |
all of the inefficiencies |
| 00:49:01 |
I've had people come up |
| 00:49:03 |
and say "What? |
| 00:49:08 |
And they're drinking |
| 00:49:16 |
Hey, pig. |
| 00:49:19 |
(snorting) |
| 00:49:21 |
Hey, pigs. |
| 00:49:25 |
I'm always struck by how successful |
| 00:49:29 |
at hitting the bull's-eye |
| 00:49:34 |
I mean we have learned-- |
| 00:49:36 |
in cattle we have |
| 00:49:40 |
how to plant, |
| 00:49:43 |
fertilize |
| 00:49:45 |
using global positioning |
| 00:49:48 |
and nobody sits back |
| 00:49:52 |
"But should we be |
| 00:49:54 |
We've become |
| 00:49:58 |
We're all into-- |
| 00:50:00 |
we're all |
| 00:50:03 |
and nobody's |
| 00:50:05 |
and saying "But why?" |
| 00:50:07 |
(laughs) |
| 00:50:10 |
I mean, a culture |
| 00:50:12 |
as a pile of protoplasmic |
| 00:50:15 |
to be manipulated |
| 00:50:17 |
that humans can foist |
| 00:50:20 |
will probably view |
| 00:50:23 |
individuals |
| 00:50:25 |
and other cultures in the community |
| 00:50:28 |
with the same type |
| 00:50:30 |
disrespect |
| 00:50:32 |
and controlling-type |
| 00:50:54 |
(snorting) |
| 00:51:00 |
Eduardo Peña: |
| 00:51:03 |
is a small town |
| 00:51:05 |
in the middle of a very |
| 00:51:12 |
Smithfield has mastered |
| 00:51:14 |
the art of picking |
| 00:51:16 |
a workforce |
| 00:51:19 |
initially from |
| 00:51:22 |
the poor whites, |
| 00:51:25 |
They went through |
| 00:51:30 |
Now they have to |
| 00:51:32 |
all the way from Dentsville, |
| 00:51:36 |
to Clinton, |
| 00:51:38 |
You have to draw a circle 100 miles |
| 00:51:42 |
and that's where all of your workers |
| 00:51:45 |
(people chatting) |
| 00:51:53 |
Man: They have the same |
| 00:51:55 |
as they do towards the hogs. |
| 00:51:57 |
(squealing) |
| 00:52:00 |
Man: You know, the hog, they don't |
| 00:52:04 |
because they're temporary. |
| 00:52:08 |
And they have the same viewpoint |
| 00:52:11 |
You're not worried about the longevity |
| 00:52:13 |
because, to them, |
| 00:52:23 |
- (clicks, whirring) |
| 00:52:37 |
Man: When you've got 2000 hogs |
| 00:52:40 |
employees, because they're handling |
| 00:52:43 |
they get infections in |
| 00:52:46 |
All their fingernails |
| 00:52:48 |
Man #2: You're covered |
| 00:52:52 |
It's easy |
| 00:52:54 |
Man: You're doing |
| 00:52:56 |
for that same piece |
| 00:52:58 |
and it's nonstop, |
| 00:53:00 |
Basically you're treated |
| 00:53:03 |
Man #3: |
| 00:53:05 |
to leave from out there, |
| 00:53:07 |
And that's what |
| 00:53:17 |
Schlosser: |
| 00:53:18 |
when Upton Sinclair wrote |
| 00:53:20 |
there was a beef trust |
| 00:53:25 |
Immigrants from Eastern Europe |
| 00:53:28 |
in the absence of any kind of |
| 00:53:31 |
There were horrible |
| 00:53:35 |
and even deaths. |
| 00:53:39 |
Pollan: Things got better. |
| 00:53:44 |
Schlosser: |
| 00:53:47 |
Labor unions slowly organized |
| 00:53:51 |
and turned it into one of the best |
| 00:53:54 |
in the United States. |
| 00:53:57 |
By the 1950s |
| 00:54:01 |
was like being |
| 00:54:03 |
who has a good wage, |
| 00:54:07 |
And then what happened? |
| 00:54:10 |
Well, the meat-packing |
| 00:54:12 |
in order to serve the needs |
| 00:54:15 |
which was |
| 00:54:17 |
Some of the meat-packing |
| 00:54:20 |
borrowed the same sort |
| 00:54:22 |
from the fast food |
| 00:54:24 |
cutting wages, making sure there |
| 00:54:27 |
speeding up production, |
| 00:54:29 |
and having the worker |
| 00:54:31 |
again and again |
| 00:54:33 |
And meat-packing is now |
| 00:54:35 |
one of the most dangerous jobs |
| 00:54:41 |
The meat-packing industry |
| 00:54:43 |
a new set of immigrants-- |
| 00:54:45 |
and recent immigrants |
| 00:54:50 |
Many of the illegal immigrants |
| 00:54:53 |
were corn farmers |
| 00:54:56 |
NAFTA led to a flooding |
| 00:54:59 |
with cheap American corn. |
| 00:55:02 |
It's put more than a million and a half |
| 00:55:06 |
They couldn't compete with this |
| 00:55:09 |
(yelling) |
| 00:55:11 |
Pollan: So what happens to those million |
| 00:55:15 |
Schlosser: |
| 00:55:17 |
National Beef |
| 00:55:19 |
began actively recruiting |
| 00:55:23 |
Companies advertised |
| 00:55:26 |
and in newspapers. |
| 00:55:27 |
IBP set up |
| 00:55:30 |
in Mexico to bring workers |
| 00:55:36 |
For years the government |
| 00:55:38 |
to the recruitment |
| 00:55:40 |
by the meat-packing industry. |
| 00:55:42 |
But now, when there's |
| 00:55:44 |
they're cracking down |
| 00:55:46 |
but they're not cracking down |
| 00:55:48 |
The government's cracking down |
| 00:56:01 |
(clears throat) |
| 00:56:11 |
Peña: Immigration agents are |
| 00:56:14 |
- at this trailer park. |
| 00:56:17 |
Peña: |
| 00:56:19 |
between Smithfield |
| 00:56:21 |
They get rid |
| 00:56:23 |
but you don't see |
| 00:56:26 |
That way it doesn't affect |
| 00:56:28 |
- (door closes) |
| 00:56:37 |
- (Peña speaking Spanish) |
| 00:56:41 |
- Sir, we are trying-- |
| 00:56:44 |
She is asking us |
| 00:56:48 |
I don't see anybody arresting |
| 00:56:51 |
Nobody in the plant |
| 00:56:54 |
with the fact that |
| 00:56:55 |
is being arrested. |
| 00:56:57 |
What we see today |
| 00:56:59 |
who were producing for |
| 00:57:01 |
those are the people |
| 00:57:07 |
(man yelling |
| 00:57:20 |
Peña: We want to pay |
| 00:57:22 |
We don't understand that |
| 00:57:26 |
These workers, they've been |
| 00:57:30 |
processing your bacon, |
| 00:57:34 |
and now they're getting picked up |
| 00:57:37 |
(car starts) |
| 00:57:39 |
And these companies are |
| 00:58:11 |
Salatin: |
| 00:58:13 |
Who wants to buy |
| 00:58:16 |
We're willing |
| 00:58:18 |
the food system |
| 00:58:21 |
of cheap food, |
| 00:58:23 |
when actually |
| 00:58:26 |
when you add up |
| 00:58:29 |
societal costs, |
| 00:58:34 |
The industrial food |
| 00:58:37 |
It's not priced honestly. |
| 00:58:40 |
It's not processed honestly. |
| 00:58:41 |
There's nothing honest |
| 00:58:46 |
I can't think of a better use |
| 00:58:52 |
Man: |
| 00:58:54 |
maybe 300, 400 miles. |
| 00:58:56 |
So yeah. |
| 00:58:59 |
It's worth it. |
| 00:59:03 |
Salatin: I have no desire |
| 00:59:08 |
My desire is to produce |
| 00:59:11 |
and heal. |
| 00:59:13 |
And if in doing so |
| 00:59:15 |
more people come to our corner |
| 00:59:20 |
then heaven help me figure out |
| 00:59:23 |
without compromising |
| 00:59:25 |
That-- that's where I am. |
| 00:59:26 |
I have |
| 00:59:30 |
to be at Wal-Mart. |
| 00:59:33 |
As soon as you grasp |
| 00:59:37 |
you're gonna view |
| 00:59:40 |
you're gonna view |
| 00:59:42 |
you're gonna view |
| 00:59:44 |
You're gonna view everything that is |
| 00:59:48 |
you're gonna view |
| 00:59:50 |
(snorting) |
| 00:59:55 |
(people chatting) |
| 01:00:05 |
This is our new |
| 01:00:08 |
This is Vitasoy soy milk, |
| 01:00:10 |
the best soy milk |
| 01:00:12 |
This entire show |
| 01:00:15 |
was the size |
| 01:00:17 |
Man: |
| 01:00:18 |
Several of us were sleeping |
| 01:00:20 |
We couldn't afford |
| 01:00:24 |
Organic's been growing |
| 01:00:26 |
It's one of the fastest-growing segments |
| 01:00:30 |
My God! Ah! |
| 01:00:32 |
We're not gonna |
| 01:00:33 |
Certainly we're not |
| 01:00:35 |
in the time that we need |
| 01:00:38 |
and reverse |
| 01:00:40 |
of our air, |
| 01:00:42 |
We need to be |
| 01:00:44 |
If we attempt to make perfect |
| 01:00:48 |
and say we're only |
| 01:00:50 |
from the most-perfect system |
| 01:00:52 |
within 100 miles of us, |
| 01:01:00 |
As an environmentalist, |
| 01:01:02 |
that business was the source of all |
| 01:01:04 |
business was the source of basically |
| 01:01:07 |
that were |
| 01:01:13 |
In college I came across |
| 01:01:16 |
called New Alchemy |
| 01:01:17 |
which was a group |
| 01:01:20 |
My hope is |
| 01:01:22 |
Hirshberg: We were preaching a kind |
| 01:01:26 |
trying to develop food |
| 01:01:30 |
but we were preaching |
| 01:01:32 |
We were depending on sources of support |
| 01:01:37 |
and we weren't |
| 01:01:39 |
that really needed |
| 01:01:41 |
I realized we need |
| 01:01:45 |
up against Goliath. |
| 01:01:50 |
(clacking) |
| 01:01:59 |
Hirshberg: When we started out, |
| 01:02:03 |
We wanted to prove that business |
| 01:02:08 |
to the globe's |
| 01:02:09 |
At the same time |
| 01:02:11 |
that we could be |
| 01:02:16 |
Today in 2008, |
| 01:02:19 |
we the #3 yogurt brand |
| 01:02:21 |
but we're among |
| 01:02:34 |
See, this is |
| 01:02:36 |
A little company |
| 01:02:38 |
but you don't have |
| 01:02:40 |
This is now Pepsi. |
| 01:02:43 |
- Man: Kashi is Kellogg's? |
| 01:02:46 |
- This is Colgate now. |
| 01:02:49 |
Yeah, this is one of those companies |
| 01:02:55 |
- Well, it's-- |
| 01:02:57 |
Make them successful, |
| 01:02:59 |
The jury is out. |
| 01:03:04 |
Hirshberg: These large companies |
| 01:03:07 |
They grow by acquisition. |
| 01:03:09 |
Coke, Pepsi, Kellogg's, |
| 01:03:12 |
all of them are running, |
| 01:03:14 |
not walking, into the organic |
| 01:03:24 |
Hirshberg: For me, when a Wal-Mart |
| 01:03:27 |
I'm thrilled. It's absolutely one of |
| 01:03:29 |
I have dreamed |
| 01:03:32 |
when I could sit |
| 01:03:34 |
and have conversations |
| 01:03:36 |
about organics |
| 01:03:38 |
- This is Amanda. This is Rand. |
| 01:03:40 |
- Rand, nice to meet you. |
| 01:03:43 |
- Tony. Great. |
| 01:03:44 |
Okay, help me |
| 01:03:47 |
- We both work for Wal-Mart. |
| 01:03:49 |
Yup. |
| 01:03:50 |
Do you know that we don't go |
| 01:03:52 |
- We've never been. |
| 01:03:54 |
- Isn't that amazing? |
| 01:03:56 |
Yeah, we've never been. |
| 01:03:58 |
We just started boycotting |
| 01:04:00 |
and we just kept |
| 01:04:03 |
Hirshberg: |
| 01:04:05 |
to their reputation. |
| 01:04:07 |
They've obviously |
| 01:04:09 |
probably more |
| 01:04:12 |
in our current economy. |
| 01:04:14 |
Actually, it's a pretty |
| 01:04:16 |
to try to support things like organic, |
| 01:04:19 |
based on what |
| 01:04:22 |
We see that |
| 01:04:24 |
So if it's clear |
| 01:04:27 |
it's really easy |
| 01:04:29 |
to push forward and try to make |
| 01:04:32 |
Hirshberg: When I run into |
| 01:04:35 |
many are |
| 01:04:38 |
by the kinds of company |
| 01:04:42 |
But when I then |
| 01:04:44 |
what the impact of one purchase order |
| 01:04:47 |
in terms of not pounds |
| 01:04:51 |
tons of herbicide, |
| 01:04:53 |
the discussion-- |
| 01:04:57 |
and we get down |
| 01:04:59 |
This is really key, though, |
| 01:05:06 |
I have no illusions |
| 01:05:08 |
I don't believe that |
| 01:05:10 |
because they've suddenly had |
| 01:05:13 |
It's because |
| 01:05:15 |
I can debate with my radical friends |
| 01:05:18 |
but nobody can |
| 01:05:21 |
that a sale of another |
| 01:05:23 |
helps to save |
| 01:05:34 |
Pollan: Back around the turn |
| 01:05:36 |
the average farmer could |
| 01:05:41 |
Now the average |
| 01:05:43 |
can feed |
| 01:05:47 |
These are the most productive humans |
| 01:05:51 |
The changes down |
| 01:05:54 |
momentous and radical but invisible |
| 01:05:56 |
'cause who knows |
| 01:05:59 |
But their way of life |
| 01:06:00 |
has been revolutionized. |
| 01:06:26 |
Roush: |
| 01:06:28 |
farmers started saving |
| 01:06:30 |
and planted again |
| 01:06:32 |
That's how seeds |
| 01:06:34 |
That's how corn |
| 01:06:36 |
from a useless grass |
| 01:06:38 |
to the extremely |
| 01:06:42 |
Pollan: The idea that any corporation |
| 01:06:45 |
is a very new idea. |
| 01:06:48 |
that the Supreme Court said |
| 01:06:51 |
And that opened |
| 01:06:52 |
efforts to patent the most valuable |
| 01:06:55 |
which is to say the crops |
| 01:06:59 |
Roush: |
| 01:07:01 |
They produced DDT, |
| 01:07:05 |
and then they developed |
| 01:07:10 |
We started hearing rumblings |
| 01:07:14 |
that could resist |
| 01:07:16 |
When the Roundup was |
| 01:07:18 |
it killed |
| 01:07:20 |
except for this |
| 01:07:39 |
Roush: I can remember |
| 01:07:42 |
against seed saving |
| 01:07:44 |
Most farmers were just |
| 01:07:46 |
absolutely disgusted |
| 01:07:50 |
It's been interesting |
| 01:07:52 |
of 11 years |
| 01:07:54 |
from utter contempt |
| 01:07:56 |
that we can't save |
| 01:07:58 |
to acceptance. |
| 01:08:00 |
Man: |
| 01:08:03 |
saves the seeds? |
| 01:08:05 |
(chuckles) |
| 01:08:08 |
Well, you know, |
| 01:08:10 |
only one company involved |
| 01:08:12 |
and that's Monsanto. |
| 01:08:17 |
Monsanto is... |
| 01:08:26 |
They've got a team |
| 01:08:28 |
that kind of roam |
| 01:08:30 |
and they've got |
| 01:08:32 |
they take calls on. |
| 01:08:35 |
and somebody alleges |
| 01:08:38 |
they'll send an investigator out |
| 01:08:45 |
If you save your own seed, |
| 01:08:47 |
from somebody |
| 01:09:11 |
David Runyon: |
| 01:09:13 |
at 7:00, |
| 01:09:15 |
presented |
| 01:09:17 |
and they never told me |
| 01:09:20 |
Man: They said that they had |
| 01:09:23 |
caught me |
| 01:09:27 |
Moe Parr: |
| 01:09:29 |
at 3:00 and 4:00 |
| 01:09:31 |
before the investigators are |
| 01:09:35 |
Runyon: |
| 01:09:37 |
I'm gonna say maybe ex-military |
| 01:09:40 |
They were large |
| 01:09:43 |
Man: I don't know whether they had |
| 01:09:46 |
or whether it was my neighbor that |
| 01:09:50 |
Now as I turned to walk in the house, |
| 01:09:52 |
I could hear in the back-- |
| 01:10:23 |
Runyon: It's a real ingenious device |
| 01:10:27 |
and Monsanto's gonna |
| 01:10:39 |
So how many seed cleaners |
| 01:10:41 |
in the country |
| 01:10:42 |
In the state of Indiana, |
| 01:10:45 |
Maybe. |
| 01:10:47 |
- How many there used to be? |
| 01:10:50 |
Have they all been |
| 01:10:52 |
There's nobody left. |
| 01:11:01 |
Runyon: When Monsanto soybeans |
| 01:11:04 |
I just never |
| 01:11:08 |
I was getting |
| 01:11:09 |
with the conventional |
| 01:11:11 |
so I thought "Well, |
| 01:11:20 |
My neighbors |
| 01:11:23 |
If the pollen goes in, |
| 01:11:26 |
I am still held |
| 01:11:36 |
Pollan: When you genetically |
| 01:11:40 |
We've never had this |
| 01:11:45 |
Roush: Used to be that your |
| 01:11:48 |
they developed what |
| 01:11:50 |
The vast majority |
| 01:11:53 |
was actually done |
| 01:11:55 |
Pollan: |
| 01:11:58 |
The same way Microsoft owns |
| 01:12:00 |
behind most computers |
| 01:12:03 |
they set out to own |
| 01:12:05 |
behind most of the food |
| 01:12:08 |
Roush: Public plant breeding is |
| 01:12:11 |
There virtually are |
| 01:12:17 |
Runyon: |
| 01:12:19 |
that I can actually plant. |
| 01:12:20 |
Now I have some |
| 01:12:22 |
coming out |
| 01:12:24 |
- That are not GMO. |
| 01:12:27 |
When it comes to the point that I can't |
| 01:12:31 |
what do I do? |
| 01:12:38 |
I acquired this list |
| 01:12:40 |
The black list here is Monsanto's |
| 01:12:44 |
Wow. |
| 01:12:46 |
Either farmers that have |
| 01:12:48 |
or businesses, |
| 01:12:51 |
or it's farmers that have not submitted |
| 01:12:53 |
will not turn over |
| 01:12:55 |
For my case, |
| 01:12:57 |
'cause I would not |
| 01:13:00 |
- Am I on this list? |
| 01:13:02 |
Wow. |
| 01:13:04 |
I see two of the farmers |
| 01:13:07 |
This list-- now it comes down |
| 01:13:10 |
where I cannot buy |
| 01:13:12 |
Right. |
| 01:13:14 |
So it's coming down to |
| 01:13:19 |
Parr: Monsanto is suing me |
| 01:13:22 |
that I'm encouraging the farmer |
| 01:13:25 |
by cleaning |
| 01:13:35 |
I haven't been |
| 01:13:37 |
and my bill is |
| 01:13:42 |
People that were |
| 01:13:44 |
now are reticent |
| 01:13:50 |
We've been friends |
| 01:13:53 |
and now we can hardly be |
| 01:13:55 |
Right. |
| 01:14:00 |
I don't think |
| 01:14:03 |
but it was cheaper |
| 01:14:06 |
than it was |
| 01:14:08 |
- It gnaws at you... |
| 01:14:10 |
...because if you think |
| 01:14:13 |
but yet you admit |
| 01:14:22 |
Roush: Monsanto falsely accused us |
| 01:14:25 |
and breach of contract. |
| 01:14:27 |
None of it was true. |
| 01:14:29 |
You go into a market, |
| 01:14:32 |
and if you can ruin them, you scare |
| 01:14:37 |
My family spent $400,000 |
| 01:14:39 |
fighting the battle, pretrial. |
| 01:14:41 |
And we were told |
| 01:14:43 |
to take the thing to trial. |
| 01:14:45 |
We settled out of court. |
| 01:14:48 |
The way the system appeared |
| 01:14:51 |
Lady Justice had |
| 01:14:53 |
and you piled cash |
| 01:14:55 |
and the one that piled |
| 01:14:58 |
hired the most experts |
| 01:15:01 |
to tell the biggest lies, |
| 01:15:04 |
That seems to be how our justice system |
| 01:15:07 |
It's terrible. |
| 01:15:09 |
How can a farmer |
| 01:15:11 |
a multinational corporation |
| 01:15:14 |
I talked to a young man |
| 01:15:17 |
They'd been |
| 01:15:19 |
And this poor kid, |
| 01:15:22 |
His fiancée was there. |
| 01:15:24 |
and tried to give them |
| 01:15:26 |
Unfortunately the best advice |
| 01:15:28 |
"Try to get out of this thing |
| 01:15:33 |
Don't fight 'em. |
| 01:15:35 |
and give them what they want, |
| 01:15:40 |
In the case of Monsanto, |
| 01:15:42 |
If you want to be |
| 01:15:45 |
you're gonna be |
| 01:15:49 |
They own the soybean. |
| 01:15:51 |
They are going to |
| 01:15:54 |
from seed |
| 01:15:56 |
They are, in effect, |
| 01:16:15 |
Pollan: There has been |
| 01:16:18 |
between Monsanto's |
| 01:16:20 |
and the various regulatory |
| 01:16:22 |
and judicial bodies that |
| 01:16:25 |
Roush: Justice Clarence Thomas |
| 01:16:29 |
That wouldn't be |
| 01:16:32 |
if it weren't |
| 01:16:33 |
that really decided |
| 01:16:36 |
Justice Clarence Thomas |
| 01:16:39 |
in a case that allowed |
| 01:16:42 |
to prevent farmers |
| 01:16:45 |
Pollan: |
| 01:16:48 |
to the Bush administration... |
| 01:16:52 |
and the Clinton administration. |
| 01:16:55 |
This goes to why we haven't had |
| 01:16:59 |
over this radical change |
| 01:17:07 |
Pollan: For the last 25 years, |
| 01:17:09 |
has been dominated |
| 01:17:12 |
that it was meant |
| 01:17:19 |
Schlosser: The challenge is as soon |
| 01:17:21 |
with expertise in industry, they may |
| 01:17:28 |
It's really about what interests |
| 01:17:38 |
You're talking about power-- |
| 01:17:40 |
centralized power |
| 01:17:43 |
and that power |
| 01:17:44 |
against the people who are |
| 01:17:47 |
like the farmers. |
| 01:17:48 |
It's being used |
| 01:17:50 |
who work |
| 01:17:52 |
and it's being used |
| 01:17:55 |
who are deliberately |
| 01:17:57 |
about what they're eating, |
| 01:18:00 |
and what it's doing |
| 01:18:02 |
(kids laughing) |
| 01:18:04 |
Woman: Good afternoon, |
| 01:18:08 |
SB-63 is a consumer |
| 01:18:12 |
It simply requires that |
| 01:18:16 |
must be labeled |
| 01:18:18 |
These cloned animals are |
| 01:18:21 |
a fundamentally |
| 01:18:23 |
But I find it incredible |
| 01:18:26 |
not only wants to allow the sale of meat |
| 01:18:30 |
without further research, |
| 01:18:32 |
but also wants to allow |
| 01:18:34 |
without any labeling. |
| 01:18:36 |
How many witnesses |
| 01:18:39 |
Noelle Cremers |
| 01:18:41 |
And if I can point out-- |
| 01:18:43 |
the reason that we are |
| 01:18:45 |
is it creates unnecessary fear |
| 01:18:49 |
Until the industry |
| 01:18:50 |
to educate why we want |
| 01:18:52 |
and the value |
| 01:18:54 |
we don't feel that |
| 01:18:56 |
a warning label |
| 01:18:58 |
(chatting) |
| 01:19:05 |
Pollan: These companies fight |
| 01:19:07 |
against labeling. |
| 01:19:10 |
The fast food industry |
| 01:19:12 |
giving you |
| 01:19:14 |
They fought against |
| 01:19:16 |
if there's trans fat |
| 01:19:18 |
The meat packing industry |
| 01:19:20 |
country-of-origin labeling. |
| 01:19:23 |
They fought not to label |
| 01:19:27 |
and now 78% of the processed food |
| 01:19:30 |
has some genetically- |
| 01:19:34 |
I think it's one |
| 01:19:37 |
for consumers to fight-- |
| 01:19:39 |
is the right to know what's |
| 01:19:43 |
Not only |
| 01:19:45 |
you to know |
| 01:19:47 |
they have managed |
| 01:19:49 |
to criticize |
| 01:19:54 |
Man: Can you tell me how |
| 01:19:57 |
Yeah, we-- |
| 01:19:59 |
you'll probably have to |
| 01:20:02 |
before you would |
| 01:20:03 |
What? You can say this is-- |
| 01:20:05 |
I know, but-- |
| 01:20:07 |
I could have the meat |
| 01:20:09 |
coming after me |
| 01:20:10 |
Seriously? For saying-- |
| 01:20:13 |
It depends |
| 01:20:15 |
You're not saying |
| 01:20:17 |
Yeah, I'm sorry, |
| 01:20:18 |
but I get asked this |
| 01:20:21 |
Initially, |
| 01:20:24 |
"I don't care. |
| 01:20:26 |
Let them try |
| 01:20:28 |
of a dead child |
| 01:20:31 |
It's pretty amazing |
| 01:20:34 |
- how you and your family have changed-- |
| 01:20:37 |
(stammers) |
| 01:20:40 |
are different. |
| 01:20:43 |
The food industry has |
| 01:20:47 |
than other industries do. |
| 01:20:49 |
We have a lot of questions |
| 01:20:53 |
Kowalcyk: If you recall the case |
| 01:20:56 |
by the meat industry |
| 01:20:58 |
for something |
| 01:21:01 |
It has just |
| 01:21:03 |
from eating |
| 01:21:20 |
- Man: Good morning, Oprah. |
| 01:21:22 |
Man #2: Are you glad to see |
| 01:21:24 |
Well, I think |
| 01:21:28 |
I can say that, yeah. |
| 01:21:33 |
Schlosser: |
| 01:21:35 |
if you're convicted |
| 01:21:37 |
So you could |
| 01:21:39 |
for criticizing |
| 01:21:41 |
that's being produced |
| 01:21:43 |
There is an effort |
| 01:21:46 |
to make it illegal |
| 01:21:48 |
a photo of any |
| 01:21:52 |
any feedlot operation. |
| 01:21:55 |
Schlosser: |
| 01:21:57 |
bills passed that are |
| 01:22:01 |
that make it very |
| 01:22:03 |
for you to sue them. |
| 01:22:05 |
These companies have |
| 01:22:08 |
and they may sue even though they know |
| 01:22:11 |
just to send a message. |
| 01:22:26 |
Man: We are on record |
| 01:22:29 |
in the matter |
| 01:22:31 |
and Monsanto Technology |
| 01:22:32 |
Man #2: Mr. Parr, we subpoenaed |
| 01:22:37 |
in this case. |
| 01:22:44 |
Parr: I'll tell you, what really |
| 01:22:46 |
was the fact that they have every check |
| 01:22:51 |
from every bank account |
| 01:22:54 |
in the last 10 years. |
| 01:22:56 |
Man #2: Do you own any land, |
| 01:22:58 |
- Yes. |
| 01:23:00 |
Three. |
| 01:23:01 |
Man #2: How long have you had |
| 01:23:04 |
Which ones are soybean seed |
| 01:23:07 |
- Mr. Kaufman? |
| 01:23:09 |
Parr: |
| 01:23:12 |
they're personal friends. |
| 01:23:14 |
It's extremely |
| 01:23:18 |
to know that this list is |
| 01:23:21 |
Harold Sinn? |
| 01:23:24 |
Beans only. |
| 01:23:26 |
Stephen Pennell: |
| 01:23:28 |
in which |
| 01:23:31 |
the person who does |
| 01:23:33 |
So if Monsanto's claims |
| 01:23:36 |
that would not only put |
| 01:23:38 |
but it would prohibit |
| 01:23:41 |
from doing what |
| 01:23:45 |
Man #2: |
| 01:23:47 |
told you that |
| 01:23:49 |
- your seed-cleaning services anymore? |
| 01:23:52 |
Parr's voice: This essentially puts me |
| 01:23:55 |
- Max Lowe. |
| 01:23:58 |
Jerry Kaufman. |
| 01:24:01 |
Robert Duvall. |
| 01:24:21 |
Pollan: We've had a food system |
| 01:24:24 |
to the single virtue |
| 01:24:26 |
so we grow a very small |
| 01:24:29 |
a very small number |
| 01:24:31 |
a very small |
| 01:24:33 |
And even though |
| 01:24:36 |
the system gets |
| 01:24:38 |
You will have |
| 01:24:41 |
And where the breakdown |
| 01:24:43 |
we don't always know. |
| 01:24:46 |
Roush: Modern production agriculture |
| 01:24:49 |
on large amounts |
| 01:24:53 |
Our farm, |
| 01:24:55 |
about 40,000 gallons |
| 01:24:58 |
Pollan: |
| 01:25:01 |
To bring |
| 01:25:03 |
it's 75 gallons of oil. |
| 01:25:06 |
So what we're seeing is |
| 01:25:08 |
that this |
| 01:25:11 |
does not have the resilience |
| 01:25:15 |
such as the spike |
| 01:25:18 |
Food prices |
| 01:25:21 |
than they were |
| 01:25:23 |
Take corn, another basic |
| 01:25:25 |
up to a 12-year high. |
| 01:25:27 |
Pollan: |
| 01:25:30 |
so cheaply |
| 01:25:31 |
farmers in other countries |
| 01:25:34 |
could not |
| 01:25:36 |
So their capacity |
| 01:25:39 |
for themselves |
| 01:25:41 |
Roush: |
| 01:25:43 |
and nobody's talking about it. |
| 01:25:46 |
Man: There have been protests |
| 01:25:48 |
The food crisis has already |
| 01:25:52 |
Pollan: |
| 01:25:54 |
where there isn't |
| 01:25:56 |
that peels back |
| 01:25:59 |
on how that |
| 01:26:00 |
(mooing pitifully) |
| 01:26:02 |
Man: |
| 01:26:05 |
being brutalized to get them |
| 01:26:08 |
Woman: Millions of gallons |
| 01:26:11 |
flushing their contents downriver. |
| 01:26:14 |
Woman #2: |
| 01:26:15 |
that there are no tools |
| 01:26:18 |
the origin of the latest |
| 01:26:21 |
Pollan: Every time one of these |
| 01:26:24 |
America learns |
| 01:26:26 |
what's going on in the kitchen |
| 01:26:29 |
And every time |
| 01:26:34 |
and start looking |
| 01:26:44 |
Hirshberg: The irony is that |
| 01:26:46 |
does not feel |
| 01:26:48 |
They think |
| 01:26:50 |
of whatever industry |
| 01:26:53 |
for them to consume. |
| 01:26:54 |
Trust me, |
| 01:26:57 |
When we run an item past |
| 01:27:00 |
we're voting for local |
| 01:27:03 |
At Wal-Mart, we made |
| 01:27:07 |
to go through a process of becoming |
| 01:27:10 |
We made that decision based |
| 01:27:13 |
Hirshberg: |
| 01:27:15 |
changed the biggest |
| 01:27:17 |
and in so doing, |
| 01:27:19 |
probably put the last nail |
| 01:27:21 |
for synthetic |
| 01:27:25 |
Pollan: To eat well |
| 01:27:27 |
than to eat badly. |
| 01:27:30 |
and some people simply |
| 01:27:32 |
And that's one |
| 01:27:33 |
that we need changes |
| 01:27:35 |
so that the carrots are |
| 01:27:41 |
Schlosser: People think |
| 01:27:43 |
and so powerful, how are we ever going |
| 01:27:45 |
But look at |
| 01:27:47 |
It had huge control |
| 01:27:51 |
and that control |
| 01:27:53 |
The battle against tobacco |
| 01:27:56 |
of how an industry's |
| 01:28:00 |
can be changed. |
| 01:28:02 |
(people talking) |
| 01:28:04 |
Salatin: Imagine what it would be if, |
| 01:28:08 |
we said we would be |
| 01:28:11 |
if we had |
| 01:28:14 |
to the hospital |
| 01:28:17 |
How about that |
| 01:28:20 |
The idea then |
| 01:28:22 |
such nutritionally dense |
| 01:28:24 |
unadulterated food |
| 01:28:25 |
that people who ate it |
| 01:28:29 |
had more energy, |
| 01:28:31 |
and weren't sick as much. |
| 01:28:33 |
Now see, |
| 01:28:37 |
Kowalcyk: I can't change the fact |
| 01:28:41 |
When you tell somebody |
| 01:28:43 |
I really don't like |
| 01:28:46 |
that comes |
| 01:28:48 |
that they feel |
| 01:28:50 |
I can have a pity party |
| 01:28:53 |
thank you. |
| 01:28:56 |
What I need |
| 01:28:58 |
and help me |
| 01:29:02 |
Roush: You have to understand |
| 01:29:04 |
we're gonna deliver to the marketplace |
| 01:29:08 |
If you want |
| 01:29:11 |
you're gonna get a feedlot |
| 01:29:15 |
People have got |
| 01:29:17 |
good, wholesome |
| 01:29:19 |
And we'll deliver. |
| 01:29:21 |
We're very ingenious people. |
| 01:29:24 |
That's all |
| 01:29:27 |
("This Land is Your Land" |
| 01:29:32 |
(audience cheering) |
| 01:29:36 |
⪠When I rode that ribbon highway ⪠|
| 01:29:42 |
⪠I saw above me ⪠|
| 01:29:46 |
⪠The endless skyway ⪠|
| 01:29:49 |
⪠I saw below me ⪠|
| 01:29:52 |
⪠The golden valley ⪠|
| 01:29:57 |
⪠Well, this land was made |
| 01:30:03 |
⪠I roamed and rambled ⪠|
| 01:30:06 |
⪠I followed my footsteps ⪠|
| 01:30:09 |
⪠Through |
| 01:30:12 |
⪠Her diamond deserts ⪠|
| 01:30:16 |
⪠And all around me ⪠|
| 01:30:19 |
⪠A voice was calling ⪠|
| 01:30:23 |
⪠It said "This land was |
| 01:30:28 |
⪠This land is your land ⪠|
| 01:30:32 |
⪠This land is my land ⪠|
| 01:30:36 |
⪠From California ⪠|
| 01:30:39 |
⪠To the New York island ⪠|
| 01:30:42 |
⪠From the redwood forests ⪠|
| 01:30:45 |
⪠To the Gulf Stream waters ⪠|
| 01:30:49 |
⪠Well, this land was made |
| 01:30:55 |
⪠Now the sun came shining ⪠|
| 01:30:58 |
⪠And I was strolling ⪠|
| 01:31:02 |
⪠Through wheat fields waving ⪠|
| 01:31:05 |
⪠And dust clouds rolling ⪠|
| 01:31:08 |
⪠And a voice was sounding ⪠|
| 01:31:11 |
⪠As the fog was lifting ⪠|
| 01:31:15 |
⪠It said "This land was |
| 01:31:21 |
⪠This land is your land ⪠|
| 01:31:24 |
⪠This land is my land ⪠|
| 01:31:28 |
⪠From California ⪠|
| 01:31:31 |
⪠To the New York islands ⪠|
| 01:31:34 |
⪠From the redwood forest ⪠|
| 01:31:37 |
⪠To the Gulf Stream waters ⪠|
| 01:31:41 |
⪠Oh, this land was |
| 01:31:47 |
(harmonica playing) |
| 01:32:05 |
(classical score playing) |
