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Home
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[ Faint Rumbling ] |
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[ Woman Narrating ] |
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You're like me, a Homo sapiens. |
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A wise human. |
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Life, a miracle in the universe, |
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appeared around |
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and we humans |
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Yet we have succeeded |
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that is so essential to life on Earth. |
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Listen carefully to this |
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and decide what |
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dd [ Woman Vocalizing ] |
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These are traces of our origins. |
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At the beginning, our planet |
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formed in the wake |
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A cloud of agglutinated |
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similar to so many |
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Yet this was where |
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dd [ Vocalizing Continues ] |
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Today, life- our life- |
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is just a link in a chain of |
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that have succeeded one another |
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And even today, new volcanoes |
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They offer a glimpse of what |
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molten rock surging from the depths, |
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solidifying, cracking, |
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blistering or spreading |
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before falling dormant for a time. |
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These wreaths of smoke curling |
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bear witness to the Earth's |
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An atmosphere devoid of oxygen. |
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A dense atmosphere, |
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full of carbon dioxide. |
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A furnace. |
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But the Earth had |
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At the right distance from the sun |
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the Earth was able to |
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Water vapor condensed |
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and rivers appeared. |
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The rivers shaped |
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cutting their channels, |
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furrowing out valleys. |
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They ran toward the lowest places |
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They tore minerals from the rocks, |
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and gradually the freshwater |
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became heavy with salt. |
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Water is a vital liquid. |
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It irrigated these sterile expanses. |
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The paths it traced |
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the branches of a tree, |
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dd [ Chorus Vocalizing ] |
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Nearly four billion years later, |
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somewhere on Earth |
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left by the volcanoes' ash, |
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There they are- matter and water, |
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water and matter- |
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soft and hard combined, |
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dd [ Chorus Vocalizing ] |
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Minerals and metals |
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They are stardust. |
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They provide the Earth's colors. |
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Red from iron, black from carbon, |
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blue from copper, yellow from sulfur. |
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Where do we come from? |
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Where did life first spark into being? |
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A miracle of time, |
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primitive life-forms still exist |
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They give them their colors. |
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They're called archaeobacteria. |
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They all feed off the Earth's heat- |
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all except the cyanobacteria, |
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They alone have the capacity |
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They are a vital ancestor |
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These tiny bacteria... |
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and their billions of descendants... |
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changed the destiny of our planet. |
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They transformed its atmosphere. |
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What happened to the carbon |
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It's still here, |
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We can read this chapter |
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nowhere better than on the walls |
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They reveal nearly two billion years |
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Once upon a time, |
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They grew their shells by tapping into |
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dissolved in the ocean. |
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When they died, the shells sank... |
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and accumulated on the seabed. |
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These strata are the product of those |
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Thanks to them, |
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and other life-forms could develop. |
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It is life that altered the atmosphere. |
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Plant life fed off the sun's energy, |
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which enabled it to break apart |
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and take the oxygen. |
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And oxygen filled the air. |
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The Earth's water cycle |
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Waterfalls, water vapor, |
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clouds, rain, springs, |
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rivers, seas, oceans, glaciers. |
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The cycle is never broken. |
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There's always the same |
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All the successive species on Earth |
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The astonishing matter that is water. |
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One of the most unstable of all. |
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It takes a liquid form |
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gaseous as vapor... |
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or solid as ice. |
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In Siberia, the frozen surfaces |
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contain the traces of the forces |
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Lighter than water, the ice floats, |
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rather than sinking to the bottom. |
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It forms a protective mantle |
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under which life can go on. |
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The engine of life is linkage. |
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Everything is linked. |
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Nothing is self-sufficient. |
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Water and air are inseparable, |
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united in life |
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Thus, clouds form over the oceans |
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whose rivers carry water |
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Sharing is everything. |
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The green expanse |
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Seventy percent of this gas, |
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comes from the algae |
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Our Earth relies on a balance... |
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in which every being |
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and exists only through |
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A subtle, fragile harmony |
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Thus, corals are born |
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The Great Barrier Reef, |
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stretches over |
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and is home to 1,500 species of fish, |
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4,000 species of mollusks... |
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and 400 species of coral. |
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The equilibrium of every ocean |
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The Earth counts time |
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It took more than four billion years |
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In the chain of species, |
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trees are a pinnacle, |
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a perfect living sculpture. |
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Trees defy gravity. |
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They are the only natural element |
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They grow unhurriedly toward the sun |
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They have inherited from those |
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the power to capture light's energy. |
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They store it and feed off it, |
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turning it into wood and leaves, |
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which then decompose |
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mineral, vegetable and living matter. |
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And so, gradually, |
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the soils that are indispensable |
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Soils are the factory of biodiversity. |
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They are a world |
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where microorganisms feed, |
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They make the humus, the fertile layer |
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[ Faint Squawking ] |
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What do we know about life on Earth? |
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How many species are we aware of? |
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A 1 0th of them? A hundredth perhaps? |
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What do we know about |
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The Earth is a miracle. |
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Life remains a mystery. |
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dd [ Woman Vocalizing ] |
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dd [ Woman Singing |
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Families of animals form, |
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united by customs and rituals |
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[ Trumpeting ] |
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dd [ Continues ] |
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Some adapt to the nature |
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and their pasture adapts to them. |
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And both gain. |
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The animal sates its hunger, |
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dd [ Continues ] |
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In the great adventure |
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every species has a role to play, |
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every species has its place. |
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None is futile or harmful. |
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They all balance out. |
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And that's where you, |
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Homo sapiens- "wise human"- |
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enter the story. |
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You benefit from a fabulous... |
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four-billion-year-old legacy |
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dd [ Continues ] |
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You're only 200,000 years old, |
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but you have changed |
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Despite your vulnerability, |
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you have taken possession |
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and conquered swaths of territory... |
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like no other species before you. |
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dd [ Continues ] |
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[ Lowing ] |
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After 180,000 nomadic years, |
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and thanks to a more clement climate, |
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They no longer depended on |
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They chose to live |
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that abounded |
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There, where land, |
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dd [ Continues ] |
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Human genius inspired them |
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an invention that |
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and turned humans into navigators. |
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dd [ Fades ] |
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Even today, |
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lives on the continents' coastlines... |
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or the banks of rivers and lakes. |
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[ Bleating ] |
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The first towns grew up |
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It was a considerable leap |
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Why towns? |
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They became social beings, |
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meeting and sharing |
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blending their similarities |
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In a word, they became civilized. |
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[ Sheep Bleats ] |
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But the only energy at their disposal |
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and the strength of their bodies. |
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It was the story of humankind |
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It still is for one person in four- |
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over one and a half billion |
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more than the combined |
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[ Chattering ] |
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Taking from the Earth |
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For a long time, the relationship |
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was evenly balanced. |
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For a long time, |
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But life expectancy is short, |
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The uncertainties of nature |
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Education is a rare privilege. |
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Children are a family's only asset, |
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as long as every |
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is a necessary contribution |
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[ Chattering ] |
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The Earth feeds people, |
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and provides for their daily needs. |
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Everything comes from the Earth. |
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Towns change humanity's nature, |
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The farmer becomes a craftsman, |
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What the Earth gives the farmer, |
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Goods change hands, |
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along with ideas. |
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Humanity's genius is to have always |
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Humans tried to extend |
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but they knew their limits. |
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The physical energy and strength |
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was found in the animals |
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But how can you conquer |
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The invention of agriculture... |
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transformed the future of the wild |
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that were humankind. |
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Agriculture turned |
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Agriculture was |
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Developed barely |
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it changed |
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It brought an end to the uncertainty |
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It resulted in the first surpluses... |
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and gave birth to cities |
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For their agriculture, |
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humans harnessed the energy |
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from which they at last |
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The memory of thousands of years |
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They learned to adapt the grains |
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to different soils and climates. |
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They learned to increase the yield |
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Like every species on Earth, |
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the principal |
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is to feed themselves |
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When the soil is less generous |
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humans deploy prodigious efforts |
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with the imprint of their labor. |
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Humans shaped the land |
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in an almost sacrificial ritual |
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Agriculture is still the world's |
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Half of humankind tills the soil, |
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over three-quarters of them by hand. |
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Agriculture is like |
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from generation to generation |
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because for humanity it is |
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But after relying on |
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humankind found a way to tap into |
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These flames are also from plants. |
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A pocket of sunlight. |
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Pure energy the energy of the sun |
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captured over millions of years |
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more than a hundred million years ago. |
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It's coal. It's gas. |
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And above all, it's oil. |
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And this pocket of sunlight |
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With oil began the era of humans |
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With oil, some of us acquired |
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And in 50 years, in a single lifetime, |
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the Earth has been |
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than by all previous |
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Faster and faster. |
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In the last 60 years, the Earth's |
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and over two billion people |
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Faster and faster. |
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Shenzhen, in China, |
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was just a small fishing village |
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Faster and faster. |
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In Shanghai, |
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have been built in 20 years. |
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Hundreds more are under construction. |
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Today, over half of the world's |
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New York. |
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is the symbol of the exploitation |
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the Earth supplies to human genius. |
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The manpower |
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the energy of coal, |
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the unbridled power of oil. |
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Electricity resulted |
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which in turn permitted |
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New York ranks as the 1 6th-largest |
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America was the first |
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the phenomenal revolutionary |
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With its help, |
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a country of farmers |
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Machines replaced men. |
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A liter of oil generates |
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as 1 00 pairs of hands in 24 hours, |
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but worldwide only three percent |
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Nonetheless, their output |
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In the United States, |
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They produce enough grain |
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But most of that grain |
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Here, and in all other |
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it's transformed |
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The pocket of sunshine's energy... |
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chased away the specter of drought |
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No spring escapes |
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which accounts for |
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In nature, everything is linked. |
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The expansion of cultivated land |
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encouraged the development |
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Pesticides, another gift of |
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exterminated them. |
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Bad harvests and famine |
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The biggest headache now... |
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was what to do with the surpluses |
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But toxic pesticides |
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soil, plants, animals, |
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They penetrated the heart of cells... |
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similar to the mother cell |
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Are they harmful to the humans |
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These farmers, |
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probably have a good idea. |
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The new agriculture abolished |
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Fertilizers produced |
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on plots of land thus far ignored. |
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Crops adapted to soils and climates... |
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gave way to the most |
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And so, in the last century, |
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three-quarters of the varieties |
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have been wiped out. |
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As far as the eye can see, |
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The greenhouses of Almeria in Spain... |
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are Europe's vegetable garden. |
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A city of uniformly sized |
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waits every day |
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that will take them |
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The more a country develops, |
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the more meat its inhabitants consume. |
| 00:37:21 |
How can growing worldwide |
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without recourse to |
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Faster and faster. |
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Like the life cycle of livestock |
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manufacturing meat faster than |
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[ Mooing ] |
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In these vast food lots, |
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not a blade of grass grows. |
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A fleet of trucks from |
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brings in tons of grain, soy meal... |
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and protein-rich granules |
| 00:38:07 |
The result is that it takes |
| 00:38:11 |
to produce one kilogram of potatoes, |
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4,000 for one kilo of rice... |
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and 1 3,000 for one kilo of beef. |
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Not to mention the oil guzzled |
| 00:38:35 |
Our agriculture |
| 00:38:39 |
It feeds twice as many |
| 00:38:41 |
but has replaced diversity |
| 00:38:46 |
It has offered many of us |
| 00:38:50 |
but it makes our way of life |
| 00:38:56 |
This is the new measure of time. |
| 00:39:00 |
Our world's clock |
| 00:39:03 |
of these indefatigable machines... |
| 00:39:05 |
tapping into the pocket of sunlight. |
| 00:39:08 |
Their regularity reassures us. |
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The tiniest hiccup |
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The whole planet is attentive |
| 00:39:19 |
of our hopes and illusions. |
| 00:39:22 |
The same hopes and illusions |
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increasingly insatiable desires |
| 00:39:30 |
We know that the end |
| 00:39:34 |
but we refuse to believe it. |
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For many of us, |
| 00:39:47 |
Los Angeles. |
| 00:39:50 |
In this city that stretches |
| 00:39:53 |
the number of cars |
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Here, energy puts on |
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[ Sirens Wailing ] |
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[ Horn Honks ] |
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The days seem to be no more |
| 00:40:50 |
that turn the city into a starry sky. |
| 00:40:57 |
Faster and faster. |
| 00:40:59 |
Distances are no longer counted |
| 00:41:04 |
The automobile shapes new suburbs |
| 00:41:08 |
a safe distance from |
| 00:41:11 |
and where neat rows of houses |
| 00:41:16 |
The model of a lucky few countries... |
| 00:41:18 |
has become a universal dream, |
| 00:41:20 |
preached by televisions |
| 00:41:28 |
Even here in Beijing, |
| 00:41:30 |
it is cloned, copied and reproduced... |
| 00:41:33 |
in these formatted houses |
| 00:41:50 |
The automobile has become |
| 00:41:57 |
If this model were followed |
| 00:42:00 |
the planet wouldn't have |
| 00:42:05 |
but five billion. |
| 00:42:15 |
Faster and faster. |
| 00:42:17 |
The more the world develops, |
| 00:42:21 |
Everywhere, machines dig, |
| 00:42:26 |
the pieces of stars |
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minerals. |
| 00:42:56 |
In the next 20 years, |
| 00:43:00 |
than in the whole |
| 00:43:04 |
As a privilege of power, |
| 00:43:06 |
80% of this mineral wealth... |
| 00:43:09 |
is consumed by 20% |
| 00:43:31 |
Before the end of this century, |
| 00:43:33 |
excessive mining will have exhausted |
| 00:43:48 |
Faster and faster. |
| 00:43:50 |
Shipyards churn out oil tankers, |
| 00:43:52 |
container ships and gas tankers... |
| 00:43:55 |
to cater for the demands |
| 00:44:03 |
Most consumer goods travel |
| 00:44:06 |
from the country of production |
| 00:44:11 |
Since 1 950, |
| 00:44:15 |
has increased 20 times over. |
| 00:44:28 |
Ninety percent of trade goes by sea. |
| 00:44:32 |
500 million containers |
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headed for the world's |
| 00:44:40 |
such as Dubai. |
| 00:44:44 |
Dubai is one of the biggest |
| 00:44:48 |
a country where the impossible |
| 00:44:51 |
Building artificial islands |
| 00:45:24 |
Dubai has few natural resources, |
| 00:45:27 |
but with the money from oil, |
| 00:45:32 |
from all over the world. |
| 00:45:34 |
It can build forests of skyscrapers, |
| 00:45:38 |
or even a ski slope |
| 00:45:41 |
Dubai has no farmland, |
| 00:45:46 |
Dubai has no water, |
| 00:45:48 |
but it can afford to expend |
| 00:45:51 |
to desalinate seawater |
| 00:45:56 |
Dubai has endless sun |
| 00:46:00 |
It is the city of more is more, |
| 00:46:03 |
where the wildest dreams |
| 00:46:06 |
Dubai is a sort of culmination |
| 00:46:09 |
with its 800-meter high totem |
| 00:46:13 |
that never fails to amaze the world. |
| 00:46:16 |
Excessive? Perhaps. |
| 00:46:19 |
Dubai appears to have made its choice. |
| 00:46:22 |
It is like the new beacon |
| 00:46:38 |
Nothing seems further removed |
| 00:46:41 |
although nothing depends |
| 00:46:47 |
The city merely follows |
| 00:46:51 |
We haven't understood |
| 00:46:55 |
dd [ Woman Vocalizing ] |
| 00:47:40 |
What do we know of the marine world, |
| 00:47:44 |
and which covers |
| 00:47:48 |
The ocean depths remain a secret. |
| 00:47:50 |
They contain thousands |
| 00:47:57 |
[ Squawking ] |
| 00:47:59 |
dd [ Continues ] |
| 00:48:11 |
Since 1 950, fishing catches |
| 00:48:16 |
from 1 8 to 1 00 million |
| 00:48:21 |
Thousands of factory ships |
| 00:48:33 |
Three-quarters |
| 00:48:36 |
depleted or in danger of being so. |
| 00:49:19 |
Most large fish have been |
| 00:49:22 |
since they have no time to reproduce. |
| 00:49:25 |
We are destroying the cycle of a life |
| 00:49:40 |
On the coastlines, |
| 00:49:45 |
First sign: |
| 00:49:50 |
Made vulnerable by urbanization |
| 00:49:53 |
they now face a new threat: famine. |
| 00:49:57 |
In their unequal battle |
| 00:50:00 |
they can't find enough fish |
| 00:50:05 |
dd [ Woman Vocalizing ] |
| 00:50:12 |
Second sign: |
| 00:50:14 |
Seabirds must fly ever greater |
| 00:50:18 |
At the current rate, all fish stocks |
| 00:50:26 |
[ Squawking ] |
| 00:50:28 |
dd [ Continues ] |
| 00:50:36 |
In Dakar, traditional net fishing |
| 00:50:40 |
but today, fish stocks are dwindling. |
| 00:50:48 |
[ Chattering ] |
| 00:51:03 |
Fish is the staple diet |
| 00:51:12 |
[ Chattering ] |
| 00:51:21 |
dd [ Continues ] |
| 00:51:34 |
Can we envision the inconceivable? |
| 00:51:38 |
Abandoned boats, |
| 00:51:40 |
seas devoid offish? |
| 00:51:45 |
dd [ Fades ] |
| 00:52:07 |
We have forgotten |
| 00:52:11 |
500 million humans live |
| 00:52:15 |
more than the combined |
| 00:52:18 |
They know the value of water. |
| 00:52:21 |
They know how to use it sparingly. |
| 00:52:23 |
Here, they depend on wells |
| 00:52:27 |
which accumulated underground |
| 00:52:32 |
25,000 years ago. |
| 00:52:41 |
Fossil water also enables crops |
| 00:52:45 |
to provide food for local populations. |
| 00:52:47 |
The fields' circular shape... |
| 00:52:50 |
derives from the pipes that |
| 00:53:08 |
But there is a heavy price to pay. |
| 00:53:12 |
Fossil water |
| 00:53:23 |
In Saudi Arabia, |
| 00:53:29 |
As if on a parchment map, |
| 00:53:31 |
the light spots on this patchwork |
| 00:53:35 |
The irrigation equipment |
| 00:53:38 |
The energy to pump water also. |
| 00:53:40 |
But the fossil water reserves |
| 00:53:57 |
Israel turned the desert |
| 00:54:00 |
Even though these hothouses |
| 00:54:04 |
water consumption continues |
| 00:54:16 |
The once mighty river Jordan |
| 00:54:20 |
Its water has flown to supermarkets |
| 00:54:23 |
in crates of fruit and vegetables. |
| 00:55:01 |
The Jordan's fate is not unique. |
| 00:55:03 |
Across the planet, |
| 00:55:07 |
no longer flows into the sea |
| 00:55:22 |
The Dead Sea derives its name |
| 00:55:26 |
that makes all life impossible. |
| 00:55:28 |
Deprived of the Jordan's water, |
| 00:55:31 |
its level goes down |
| 00:55:34 |
Its salinity is increasing. |
| 00:55:37 |
Evaporation, due to the heat, |
| 00:55:39 |
produces these fine islands |
| 00:55:42 |
beautiful but sterile. |
| 00:56:08 |
In Rajasthan, India, |
| 00:56:13 |
The city was made possible |
| 00:56:17 |
that created an artificial lake. |
| 00:56:20 |
For its architects, |
| 00:56:23 |
that they dedicated a palace to it? |
| 00:56:51 |
India risks being the country |
| 00:56:54 |
from the lack of water |
| 00:56:57 |
Massive irrigation |
| 00:57:01 |
and in the last 50 years, |
| 00:57:07 |
The victory over famine |
| 00:57:10 |
In many parts of the country, |
| 00:57:16 |
In western India, |
| 00:57:19 |
30% of wells have been abandoned. |
| 00:57:27 |
The underground |
| 00:57:50 |
Vast reservoirs |
| 00:58:00 |
In dry season, |
| 00:58:05 |
[ Chattering ] |
| 00:58:29 |
Thousands of kilometers away, |
| 00:58:32 |
800 to 1 ,000 liters of water... |
| 00:58:34 |
are consumed per person per day. |
| 00:58:38 |
Las Vegas was built out of the desert. |
| 00:58:41 |
Millions of people live there. |
| 00:58:43 |
Thousands more arrive every month. |
| 00:58:46 |
The inhabitants of Las Vegas |
| 00:58:58 |
Palm Springs is another desert city... |
| 00:59:00 |
with tropical vegetation |
| 00:59:21 |
How long can this mirage |
| 00:59:32 |
The Earth cannot keep up. |
| 00:59:34 |
The Colorado River, |
| 00:59:38 |
is one of those rivers |
| 00:59:41 |
Even more alarmingly, |
| 00:59:44 |
its flow is diminishing at source. |
| 00:59:47 |
Water levels in the catchment lakes |
| 00:59:51 |
are plummeting. |
| 00:59:54 |
Lake Powell took 1 7 years |
| 00:59:58 |
Its level is now half of that. |
| 01:00:03 |
Water shortages could affect |
| 01:00:06 |
before 2025. |
| 01:00:10 |
Yet water is still abundant |
| 01:00:17 |
The wetlands. |
| 01:00:29 |
These wetlands are crucial |
| 01:00:34 |
They represent |
| 01:00:39 |
Marshes are sponges |
| 01:00:46 |
They absorb it in the wet season... |
| 01:00:48 |
and release it in the dry season. |
| 01:01:06 |
The water runs off the mountain peaks, |
| 01:01:08 |
carrying with it the seeds |
| 01:01:12 |
This process gives birth |
| 01:01:15 |
where the diversity of species |
| 01:01:24 |
Under the calm water |
| 01:01:28 |
where this ultimately linked |
| 01:01:31 |
patiently filters the water |
| 01:01:36 |
Marshes are |
| 01:01:38 |
for the regeneration |
| 01:01:55 |
These wetlands were always seen |
| 01:01:59 |
unfit for human habitation. |
| 01:02:02 |
In our race to conquer more land, |
| 01:02:04 |
we have reclaimed them |
| 01:02:08 |
or as land for agriculture |
| 01:02:31 |
In the last century, |
| 01:02:37 |
We know neither their richness |
| 01:02:46 |
All living matter is linked. |
| 01:02:48 |
dd [ Man Vocalizing ] |
| 01:02:51 |
Water, air, soil, trees. |
| 01:02:56 |
The world's magic |
| 01:03:07 |
dd [ Vocalizing Continues ] |
| 01:03:34 |
Trees breathe groundwater |
| 01:03:38 |
They form a canopy that alleviates |
| 01:03:42 |
and protects the soil from erosion. |
| 01:03:48 |
The forests provide the humidity |
| 01:03:52 |
They are the mother |
| 01:03:56 |
dd [ Man Vocalizing ] |
| 01:04:00 |
The forests store carbon. |
| 01:04:03 |
They contain more than |
| 01:04:07 |
They are the cornerstone |
| 01:04:10 |
on which we all depend. |
| 01:04:14 |
dd [ Man Singing |
| 01:04:21 |
Trees provide a habitat |
| 01:04:27 |
that is to say, of all life on Earth. |
| 01:04:31 |
Every year, we discover new species |
| 01:04:36 |
insects, birds, mammals. |
| 01:04:40 |
dd [ Men Vocalizing ] |
| 01:04:57 |
dd [ Man Singing |
| 01:05:12 |
These forests provide |
| 01:05:16 |
The substances secreted |
| 01:05:18 |
can be recognized by our bodies. |
| 01:05:21 |
Our cells talk the same language. |
| 01:05:24 |
We are of the same family. |
| 01:05:27 |
dd [ Men Vocalizing ] |
| 01:05:43 |
dd [ Ends ] |
| 01:05:51 |
Mangroves are forests |
| 01:05:55 |
Like coral reefs, |
| 01:05:59 |
Their roots entwine |
| 01:06:02 |
and mollusks that come to breed. |
| 01:06:05 |
Mangroves protect the coasts |
| 01:06:08 |
tidal waves and erosion by the sea. |
| 01:06:10 |
Whole peoples depend on them. |
| 01:06:13 |
Yet, they were reduced by half |
| 01:06:22 |
One of the reasons |
| 01:06:25 |
is these shrimp farms installed |
| 01:06:30 |
Ventilators aerate pools |
| 01:06:33 |
to prevent the asphyxiation |
| 01:06:36 |
not that of the mangroves. |
| 01:06:44 |
Since the 1 960s, deforestation |
| 01:06:50 |
Every year, 1 3 million hectares |
| 01:06:54 |
an area the size of Illinois- |
| 01:06:56 |
disappear in smoke and as lumber. |
| 01:07:07 |
The world's largest rain forest, |
| 01:07:11 |
has already been reduced by 20%. |
| 01:07:14 |
The forest gives way |
| 01:07:18 |
Ninety-five percent |
| 01:07:21 |
are used to feed livestock |
| 01:07:35 |
And so, a forest is turned into meat. |
| 01:07:47 |
When they burn, |
| 01:07:50 |
release huge quantities of carbon, |
| 01:07:52 |
accounting for 20% |
| 01:07:58 |
Deforestation is one of the principal |
| 01:08:13 |
Thousands of species |
| 01:08:17 |
With them, one of the links |
| 01:08:23 |
The intelligence of the living matter |
| 01:08:26 |
is lost forever. |
| 01:08:44 |
Barely 20 years ago, Borneo, |
| 01:08:48 |
was covered by a vast primary forest. |
| 01:08:52 |
At the current rate of deforestation, |
| 01:08:54 |
it will have totally |
| 01:08:58 |
Living matter bonds water, |
| 01:09:04 |
In Borneo, |
| 01:09:07 |
in what was one of the Earth's |
| 01:09:26 |
This catastrophe was |
| 01:09:29 |
to produce palm oil, |
| 01:09:31 |
the most consumed oil |
| 01:09:35 |
Palm oil not only caters |
| 01:09:39 |
but also cosmetics, detergents |
| 01:09:48 |
The forest diversity was replaced |
| 01:09:53 |
Mono culture is easy, |
| 01:09:57 |
For local people, |
| 01:10:00 |
It is an agricultural industry. |
| 01:10:12 |
Another example of massive |
| 01:10:17 |
Eucalyptus is used to make paper pulp. |
| 01:10:19 |
Plantations are growing, |
| 01:10:31 |
Mono cultures of trees |
| 01:10:36 |
But a monoculture is not a forest. |
| 01:10:39 |
By definition, |
| 01:10:44 |
One forest does not |
| 01:10:48 |
At the foot of these eucalyptus trees, |
| 01:10:50 |
nothing grows, |
| 01:10:53 |
that is toxic for most other plants. |
| 01:10:56 |
They grow quickly, |
| 01:11:17 |
Soybeans, palm oil, eucalyptus trees- |
| 01:11:21 |
Deforestation destroys the essential |
| 01:11:26 |
But elsewhere, deforestation |
| 01:11:31 |
[ Faint Chattering ] |
| 01:11:36 |
Over two billion people- |
| 01:11:38 |
almost a third |
| 01:11:41 |
still depend on charcoal. |
| 01:11:43 |
[ Chattering ] |
| 01:11:55 |
In Haiti, one of the world's |
| 01:11:59 |
charcoal is one of |
| 01:12:03 |
Once the pearl of the Caribbean, |
| 01:12:06 |
Haiti can no longer feed |
| 01:12:24 |
On the hills of Haiti, |
| 01:12:28 |
Stripped bare, |
| 01:12:33 |
With no vegetation |
| 01:12:36 |
nothing holds the soils back. |
| 01:12:39 |
The rainwater washes them |
| 01:12:43 |
Erosion impoverishes |
| 01:12:46 |
reducing their suitability |
| 01:12:52 |
In some parts of Madagascar, |
| 01:12:57 |
Whole hillsides bear deep gashes |
| 01:13:10 |
Thin and fragile, |
| 01:13:15 |
With erosion, the fine layer of humus, |
| 01:13:17 |
which took thousands of years |
| 01:14:07 |
Here's one theory |
| 01:14:10 |
the inhabitants of Easter Island, |
| 01:14:12 |
that could perhaps |
| 01:14:16 |
Living on the most isolated |
| 01:14:19 |
the Rapa Nui exploited |
| 01:14:22 |
until there was nothing left. |
| 01:14:24 |
Their civilization did not survive. |
| 01:14:28 |
On these lands stood |
| 01:14:32 |
They have disappeared. |
| 01:14:34 |
The Rapa Nui chopped them |
| 01:14:37 |
They then had to face |
| 01:14:41 |
The Rapa Nui could |
| 01:14:44 |
There were no trees to build canoes. |
| 01:14:47 |
And yet the Rapa Nui formed |
| 01:14:52 |
Innovative farmers, sculptors, |
| 01:14:56 |
they were caught in a vise |
| 01:15:04 |
They experienced social unrest, |
| 01:15:08 |
Many did not survive the cataclysm. |
| 01:16:00 |
The real mystery of Easter Island |
| 01:16:05 |
We know now. |
| 01:16:07 |
It's why the Rapa Nui |
| 01:16:17 |
It's only one of a number of theories, |
| 01:16:20 |
but it has particular |
| 01:16:24 |
Since 1 950, the world's |
| 01:16:30 |
And since 1 950, |
| 01:16:35 |
than in all of our |
| 01:16:43 |
Nigeria is the biggest |
| 01:16:47 |
and yet 70% of the population |
| 01:16:52 |
The wealth is there, but the country's |
| 01:16:58 |
The same is true all over the globe. |
| 01:17:00 |
Half the world's poor |
| 01:17:21 |
Our mode of development |
| 01:17:25 |
In 50 years, the gap |
| 01:17:29 |
has grown wider than ever. |
| 01:17:32 |
Today, half the world's wealth... |
| 01:17:35 |
is in the hands of the richest |
| 01:17:43 |
Can such disparities be maintained? |
| 01:17:46 |
They're the cause |
| 01:17:48 |
whose scale we have yet |
| 01:17:52 |
The city of Lagos had a population |
| 01:17:58 |
That will rise to 1 6 million by 2025. |
| 01:18:07 |
Lagos is one of the fastest-growing |
| 01:18:11 |
The new arrivals are mostly |
| 01:18:15 |
for economic or demographic reasons, |
| 01:18:18 |
or because of diminishing resources. |
| 01:18:21 |
[ Horns Honking ] |
| 01:18:27 |
This is a radically new |
| 01:18:29 |
driven by the urge to survive |
| 01:18:37 |
Every week, over a million people... |
| 01:18:40 |
swell the populations |
| 01:18:43 |
[ Chattering ] |
| 01:18:57 |
[ Faint Chattering ] |
| 01:19:01 |
One human being in six |
| 01:19:04 |
unhealthy, overpopulated environment, |
| 01:19:07 |
without access to daily necessities... |
| 01:19:09 |
such as water, |
| 01:19:44 |
Hunger is spreading once more. |
| 01:19:46 |
It affects nearly one billion people. |
| 01:19:48 |
[ Squawking, Chirping ] |
| 01:20:07 |
[ Cawing ] |
| 01:20:29 |
[ Chattering |
| 01:20:33 |
All over the planet, the poorest |
| 01:20:38 |
while we continue to dig for resources |
| 01:20:43 |
We look farther and farther afield, |
| 01:20:45 |
in previously unspoilt territory... |
| 01:20:48 |
and in regions that are |
| 01:21:01 |
We're not changing our model. |
| 01:21:04 |
Oil might run out? |
| 01:21:07 |
We can still extract oil |
| 01:21:12 |
The biggest trucks in the world |
| 01:21:16 |
The process of heating |
| 01:21:19 |
from the sand requires |
| 01:21:24 |
Colossal amounts of energy are needed. |
| 01:21:27 |
The pollution is catastrophic. |
| 01:21:32 |
The most urgent priority, apparently, |
| 01:21:35 |
is to pick every pocket of sunlight. |
| 01:21:53 |
[ Faint Rumbling ] |
| 01:22:13 |
Our oil tankers are getting |
| 01:22:16 |
Our energy requirements |
| 01:22:20 |
We try to power growth |
| 01:22:23 |
that demands more and more fuel. |
| 01:22:43 |
It's all about carbon. |
| 01:22:45 |
In a few decades, the carbon |
| 01:22:49 |
and that nature captured |
| 01:22:52 |
allowing life to develop, |
| 01:22:54 |
will have largely been |
| 01:22:56 |
The atmosphere is heating up. |
| 01:23:01 |
It would have been inconceivable |
| 01:23:09 |
Transport, industry, |
| 01:23:14 |
Our activities release gigantic |
| 01:23:18 |
Without realizing it, |
| 01:23:22 |
we have upset the Earth's |
| 01:23:31 |
All eyes are on the poles, |
| 01:23:34 |
where the effects of |
| 01:23:38 |
It's happening fast- very fast. |
| 01:23:43 |
The Northwest Passage that connects |
| 01:23:46 |
via the pole is opening up. |
| 01:23:49 |
The Arctic ice cap is melting. |
| 01:23:57 |
Under the effect of global warming, |
| 01:23:59 |
the ice cap has lost 40% |
| 01:24:04 |
Its surface area in the summer |
| 01:24:09 |
It could disappear before 2030. |
| 01:24:12 |
Some predictions suggest 201 5. |
| 01:24:15 |
Soon these waters will be free of ice |
| 01:24:35 |
The sunbeams that the ice sheet |
| 01:24:39 |
now penetrate the dark water, |
| 01:24:42 |
The warming process gathers pace. |
| 01:24:54 |
This ice contains |
| 01:24:58 |
The concentration of carbon dioxide... |
| 01:25:00 |
hasn't been so high |
| 01:25:06 |
Humanity has never lived |
| 01:25:21 |
Is excessive exploitation |
| 01:25:27 |
Climate change accentuates the threat. |
| 01:25:31 |
By 2050, a quarter |
| 01:25:34 |
could be threatened with extinction. |
| 01:25:38 |
In these polar regions, |
| 01:27:29 |
Off the coast of Greenland, |
| 01:28:00 |
Around the North Pole, |
| 01:28:02 |
30% of its surface area in 30 years. |
| 01:28:09 |
But as Greenland |
| 01:28:12 |
the freshwater of a whole continent... |
| 01:28:14 |
flows into the salt water |
| 01:28:19 |
Greenland's ice contains 20% |
| 01:28:24 |
If it melts, sea levels will |
| 01:28:43 |
[ Faint Rumbling ] |
| 01:29:02 |
But there is no industry here. |
| 01:29:05 |
Greenland's ice sheet |
| 01:29:08 |
emitted elsewhere on Earth. |
| 01:29:11 |
Our ecosystem doesn't have borders. |
| 01:29:14 |
Wherever we are, our actions |
| 01:29:19 |
The atmosphere of our planet |
| 01:29:23 |
It is an asset we share. |
| 01:29:26 |
On Greenland's surface, |
| 01:29:30 |
The ice cap has begun |
| 01:29:33 |
that even the most pessimistic |
| 01:29:47 |
More and more |
| 01:29:50 |
are merging together |
| 01:29:54 |
It was thought the water would freeze |
| 01:29:58 |
On the contrary, |
| 01:30:01 |
carrying the ice sheet into the sea, |
| 01:30:03 |
where it breaks into icebergs. |
| 01:30:48 |
As the freshwater |
| 01:30:51 |
gradually seeps into |
| 01:30:54 |
low-lying lands |
| 01:31:07 |
Sea levels are rising. |
| 01:31:09 |
Water expanding |
| 01:31:12 |
in the 20th century alone, |
| 01:31:17 |
Everything becomes unstable. |
| 01:31:20 |
Coral reefs, for example, |
| 01:31:24 |
to the slightest change |
| 01:31:26 |
Thirty percent have disappeared. |
| 01:31:29 |
They are an essential link |
| 01:31:47 |
In the atmosphere, |
| 01:31:52 |
Rain cycles are altered. |
| 01:31:54 |
The geography of climates is modified. |
| 01:31:58 |
The inhabitants of low-lying |
| 01:32:01 |
for example, are on the front line. |
| 01:32:03 |
They are increasingly concerned. |
| 01:32:06 |
Some are already looking |
| 01:32:16 |
If sea levels continue |
| 01:32:20 |
what will major cities like Tokyo, |
| 01:32:22 |
the world's most populous city, do? |
| 01:32:25 |
Every year, scientists' predictions |
| 01:32:29 |
Seventy percent of the world's |
| 01:32:35 |
Eleven of the 1 5 biggest cities |
| 01:32:41 |
As the seas rise, |
| 01:32:44 |
depriving inhabitants |
| 01:33:02 |
Migratory phenomena are inevitable. |
| 01:33:04 |
The only uncertainty |
| 01:33:34 |
dd [ Woman Vocalizing ] |
| 01:33:36 |
In Africa, Mount Kilimanjaro |
| 01:33:41 |
Eighty percent of its |
| 01:33:44 |
In summer, the rivers no longer flow. |
| 01:33:47 |
Local peoples are affected |
| 01:33:51 |
Even on the world's highest peaks, |
| 01:33:55 |
eternal snows and glaciers |
| 01:33:58 |
dd [ Vocalizing Continues ] |
| 01:34:02 |
Yet these glaciers play |
| 01:34:06 |
They trap the water |
| 01:34:09 |
and release it in the summer |
| 01:34:23 |
The glaciers of the Himalayas |
| 01:34:28 |
the Indus, Ganges, |
| 01:34:32 |
Two billion people |
| 01:34:36 |
and to irrigate their crops, |
| 01:34:45 |
On the delta of the Ganges |
| 01:34:48 |
Bangladesh is directly |
| 01:34:52 |
occurring in the Himalayas |
| 01:34:55 |
This is one of the most populous |
| 01:34:59 |
It is already hit by global warming. |
| 01:35:01 |
The combined impact of increasingly |
| 01:35:06 |
could make a third |
| 01:35:09 |
When populations are subjected |
| 01:35:13 |
they eventually move away. |
| 01:35:22 |
Wealthy countries will not be spared. |
| 01:35:24 |
Droughts are occurring |
| 01:35:27 |
In Australia, |
| 01:36:17 |
We are in the process |
| 01:36:21 |
that has allowed us |
| 01:36:35 |
More and more wildfires |
| 01:36:39 |
In turn, they exacerbate |
| 01:36:43 |
As the trees burn, |
| 01:36:47 |
The system that controls our climate |
| 01:36:52 |
The elements on which it relies |
| 01:37:52 |
The clock of climate change is ticking |
| 01:37:58 |
Here in Siberia |
| 01:38:02 |
it is so cold that the ground |
| 01:38:06 |
It's known as permafrost. |
| 01:38:23 |
Under its surface lies |
| 01:38:27 |
a greenhouse gas 20 times |
| 01:38:33 |
If the permafrost melts, |
| 01:38:36 |
would cause the greenhouse effect |
| 01:38:39 |
with consequences no one can predict. |
| 01:38:42 |
We would literally be |
| 01:39:09 |
Humanity has no more than 1 0 years |
| 01:39:13 |
and avoid crossing |
| 01:39:16 |
life on Earth |
| 01:39:31 |
[ Woman Exhales Deeply ] |
| 01:39:51 |
We have created phenomena |
| 01:39:55 |
Since our origins, water, air |
| 01:40:01 |
But recently, |
| 01:40:05 |
Let's face the facts. |
| 01:40:08 |
We must believe what we know. |
| 01:40:11 |
All that we have just seen |
| 01:40:16 |
We have shaped the Earth in our image. |
| 01:40:20 |
We have very little time to change. |
| 01:40:24 |
How can this century carry the burden |
| 01:40:28 |
if we refuse to be called |
| 01:40:31 |
for everything we alone have done? |
| 01:40:44 |
dd [ Woman Singing |
| 01:44:12 |
dd [ Singing Ends ] |
| 01:44:25 |
[ Faint Rumbling ] |
| 01:44:31 |
The cost of our actions is high. |
| 01:44:33 |
Others pay the price without |
| 01:44:37 |
I have seen refugee camps |
| 01:44:40 |
sprawling in the desert. |
| 01:44:43 |
How many men, women and children... |
| 01:44:45 |
will be left by the wayside tomorrow? |
| 01:44:47 |
[ Faint Chattering ] |
| 01:44:51 |
Must we always build walls... |
| 01:44:53 |
to break the chain |
| 01:44:55 |
separate peoples |
| 01:45:01 |
It's too late to be a pessimist. |
| 01:45:04 |
I know that a single human |
| 01:45:08 |
It's too late to be a pessimist. |
| 01:45:10 |
Worldwide, four children |
| 01:45:15 |
Never has learning been given |
| 01:45:18 |
Everyone, from richest to poorest, |
| 01:45:23 |
Lesotho, one of the world's |
| 01:45:25 |
is proportionally the one that invests |
| 01:45:30 |
Qatar, one of the world's |
| 01:45:33 |
has opened its doors |
| 01:45:36 |
Culture, education, research |
| 01:45:42 |
In the face of misery and suffering, |
| 01:45:45 |
millions of N.G.O.'s prove |
| 01:45:48 |
is stronger than |
| 01:45:52 |
In Bangladesh, a man |
| 01:45:55 |
and founded a bank |
| 01:45:58 |
In barely 30 years, |
| 01:46:01 |
of 1 50 million people |
| 01:46:06 |
Antarctica is a continent |
| 01:46:10 |
that no country can claim for itself, |
| 01:46:13 |
a natural reserve devoted |
| 01:46:16 |
A treaty signed by 49 states |
| 01:46:22 |
It's too late to be a pessimist. |
| 01:46:24 |
Governments have acted |
| 01:46:29 |
It's not much, |
| 01:46:32 |
The first natural parks were created |
| 01:46:37 |
They cover over 1 3% of the continents. |
| 01:46:40 |
They create spaces where |
| 01:46:43 |
with the preservation |
| 01:46:47 |
This harmony between humans |
| 01:46:52 |
no longer the exception. |
| 01:46:54 |
In the United States, |
| 01:46:58 |
These forests and lakes supply |
| 01:47:07 |
In South Korea, the forests |
| 01:47:11 |
Thanks to a national |
| 01:47:14 |
they once more |
| 01:47:17 |
More than 75% of paper is recycled. |
| 01:47:21 |
Costa Rica has made a choice |
| 01:47:27 |
The country no longer has an army. |
| 01:47:29 |
It prefers to devote its resources |
| 01:47:32 |
and the protection |
| 01:47:35 |
Gabon is one of the world's |
| 01:47:38 |
It enforces selective logging |
| 01:47:40 |
not more than one tree every hectare. |
| 01:47:43 |
Its forests are one of the country's |
| 01:47:47 |
but they have the time to regenerate. |
| 01:47:50 |
Programs exist that guarantee |
| 01:47:54 |
They must become mandatory. |
| 01:48:01 |
For consumers and producers, |
| 01:48:03 |
justice is an opportunity |
| 01:48:05 |
When trade is fair, |
| 01:48:09 |
everybody can prosper |
| 01:48:20 |
How can there be justice and equity... |
| 01:48:22 |
between people whose only tools |
| 01:48:25 |
and those who harvest their crops |
| 01:48:36 |
Let's be responsible consumers. |
| 01:48:38 |
Think about what we buy. |
| 01:48:42 |
It's too late to be a pessimist. |
| 01:48:45 |
I have seen agriculture |
| 01:48:48 |
It can feed the whole planet |
| 01:48:53 |
I have seen fishermen |
| 01:48:57 |
and care for the riches of the ocean. |
| 01:49:01 |
I have seen houses |
| 01:49:04 |
5,000 people live in the world's |
| 01:49:08 |
in Freiburg, Germany. |
| 01:49:10 |
Other cities partner the project. |
| 01:49:12 |
Mumbai is the thousandth to join them. |
| 01:49:18 |
The governments of New Zealand, |
| 01:49:22 |
and other nations |
| 01:49:24 |
of renewable energy sources |
| 01:49:28 |
I know that 80% of the energy |
| 01:49:31 |
comes from fossil energy sources. |
| 01:49:34 |
Every week, two new |
| 01:49:39 |
But I have also seen, in Denmark, |
| 01:49:42 |
a prototype of a coal-fired plant... |
| 01:49:44 |
that releases its carbon |
| 01:49:48 |
A solution for the future? |
| 01:49:52 |
I have seen, in Iceland, |
| 01:49:54 |
an electricity plant powered |
| 01:49:59 |
I have seen a sea snake |
| 01:50:02 |
to absorb the energy of the waves |
| 01:50:11 |
I have seen wind farms |
| 01:50:14 |
that produce 20% |
| 01:50:17 |
The U.S.A., China, India, |
| 01:50:21 |
are the biggest investors |
| 01:50:25 |
They have already created over |
| 01:50:29 |
Where on Earth doesn't the wind blow? |
| 01:50:34 |
I have seen desert expanses |
| 01:50:39 |
Everything on Earth is linked, |
| 01:50:41 |
and the Earth is linked to the sun, |
| 01:50:46 |
Can humans not imitate plants |
| 01:50:50 |
In one hour, |
| 01:50:53 |
the same amount of energy |
| 01:50:58 |
As long as the Earth exists, |
| 01:51:03 |
All we have to do is stop drilling |
| 01:51:08 |
All we have to do |
| 01:51:11 |
All these experiments |
| 01:51:17 |
They lay down markers |
| 01:51:21 |
based on moderation, |
| 01:51:32 |
dd [ Woman Vocalizing ] |
| 01:51:41 |
It's time to come together. |
| 01:51:43 |
What's important is not what's gone, |
| 01:51:49 |
We still have |
| 01:51:52 |
thousands of rivers, |
| 01:51:55 |
and thousands of thriving species. |
| 01:51:57 |
dd [ Vocalizing Continues ] |
| 01:52:01 |
We know that the solutions |
| 01:52:05 |
We all have the power to change. |
| 01:52:10 |
So what are we waiting for? |
| 01:52:14 |
dd [ Woman Singing |
| 01:52:50 |
dd [ Ends ] |
| 01:53:27 |
[ Wind Whistling Softly ] |
| 01:56:45 |
dd [ Woman Vocalizing ] |
| 01:56:55 |
dd [ Vocalizing Continues ] |
| 01:57:54 |
dd [ Ends ] |
