Aliens of the Deep

en
00:00:56 (woman) At the centre of our existence
00:01:04 The sun.
00:01:06 It gives us heat and light,
00:01:46 It's the food chain,
00:01:52 No matter who you are,
00:01:57 your dinner started with plants
00:02:01 So we are, all of us,
00:02:05 solar powered.
00:02:13 Maybe the ancient Egyptians
00:02:18 For four billion years,
00:02:22 on land, and in the sea.
00:02:43 Rover One, this is Rover Two,
00:02:45 We are at the edge of the wall
00:02:50 My name's Dijanna Figueroa, and I'm
00:02:55 - This is cool,
00:02:59 (Dijanna) I think I have
00:03:03 (Dijanna) Check out those
00:03:05 I'm a marine biologist.
00:03:09 and study the amazing organisms
00:03:13 There's nothing I'd rather be doing.
00:03:16 (man on radio) Rover One, Rover One,
00:03:22 (man) This wall's pretty amazing,
00:03:25 We're barely on the edge
00:03:29 Ambient light's really going now,
00:03:36 (Dijanna) You're totally reliant on
00:03:41 to dive to that depth
00:03:45 You never know what you're gonna see.
00:03:47 - (man) Look at all that krill,
00:03:54 (Dijanna) Looks like we're in
00:04:00 (man on radio) Yeah, roger that.
00:04:19 Not seeing much of anything alive here,
00:04:22 (Dijanna) Not much life at all, I think
00:04:26 (man on radio) It's like being on the moon,
00:04:29 Copy that,
00:04:33 (man) Hey, look,
00:04:36 (man) Hey, Dijanna, we got a crinoid here.
00:04:40 (Dijanna) Copy that,
00:04:43 Yeah, it looks like we're getting deeper,
00:04:46 look like they're suspension feeders,
00:04:50 (Dijanna) With no light from the surface,
00:04:57 But there are places in the ocean
00:05:01 not since the world began,
00:05:07 So when I was invited to join the new
00:05:12 I had to say yes.
00:05:18 (man on radio) "Keldysh," "Keldysh,"
00:05:20 (man #2) Yeah, Dave,
00:05:23 We got MIR One
00:05:29 Like this, so that we've got a central area
00:05:33 I'm Jim Cameron,
00:05:35 I love this stuff.
00:05:37 Exploration. Real honest-to-God
00:05:42 This is way more exciting than
00:05:47 These deep ocean expeditions
00:05:51 So, why not combine
00:06:05 Sure, we'll take marine biologists.
00:06:07 But why not take astrobiologists
00:06:13 So that's how a bunch
00:06:15 a thousand miles from the nearest land,
00:06:18 where, right under our feet,
00:06:20 are the most insane alien life forms
00:06:25 Two ships,
00:06:27 four manned submersibles,
00:06:30 forty dives at ten sites
00:06:36 I like big operations,
00:06:39 So we'll come down together, like this, and
00:06:44 because we don't want to drift off,
00:06:46 If the communications are compromised
00:06:50 all working on the same frequency,
00:06:53 I want to make sure
00:06:55 (Jim) The plan was
00:06:58 using both ships, so two MIRs and two
00:07:04 This would be a world first.
00:07:06 - Hi,
00:07:09 (Jim) Anatoly Sagalevitch heads
00:07:12 for the Russian
00:07:15 We've been working together
00:07:17 There we are,
00:07:19 The adventurers,
00:07:21 It's all his fault that we're doing this,
00:07:25 in '95 and '01,
00:07:28 Sometime around the middle
00:07:30 "You know, these wrecks are good,
00:07:33 but you have to do something real,"
00:07:35 "We have to do some science,
00:07:38 (Jim) Genya Chernaiev
00:07:42 He's been flying submersibles
00:07:45 The most important thing about this boat,
00:07:48 320 degrees unobstructed,
00:07:51 (Jim) This view makes the Rovers unique,
00:07:53 but because of the acrylic sphere,
00:07:57 So they'd only be joining us
00:08:03 We also had Jake,
00:08:06 we'd used to explore
00:08:10 Jake had been modified
00:08:15 My brother Mike is Jake's inventor
00:08:19 His challenge was to steer Jake safely
00:08:23 and not fry our little 'bot.
00:08:26 This would hopefully allow us
00:08:28 with the creatures we'd come to see.
00:08:31 We've checked the decks twice,
00:08:35 My other brother was with us too.
00:08:37 JD was the safety and communications
00:08:41 Or, as he called it,
00:08:45 Our launch procedure is as per the book,
00:08:49 She's first, she's second, Recovery
00:08:53 Now, recovery can go either way,
00:08:59 (Jim) We chose the "Ares"
00:09:14 (Jim) Its massive hydraulic cylinders
00:09:17 and out over the water with ease.
00:09:20 It's one of the safest ways
00:09:25 and we constantly tested our procedures
00:09:29 for the upcoming four-sub dive.
00:09:35 (JD) All right, let's do this,
00:09:38 (Jim) I'm gonna need everybody
00:09:42 Keep your eyes open
00:09:45 And, you know, it's gonna be challenging,
00:09:49 All right, here we go,
00:09:52 (Jim) Finally, everything was in motion.
00:09:58 And in the middle of the North Atlantic,
00:10:01 a thousand miles from the nearest land,
00:10:08 our little expedition
00:10:11 We're in motion,
00:10:14 (man speaks Russian)
00:10:21 Nice and slow, blue winch,
00:10:24 - Now we're gunnin' runnin', huh?
00:10:27 (Jim) At least, that was the plan.
00:10:29 (JD) All stop, all stop, All stop,
00:10:38 (man on radio) I copy you, Lima Charlie.
00:10:40 is the A-frame. Over.
00:10:43 I'll let you know
00:10:47 (JD) About an hour and 15 minutes
00:10:51 Uh, what we know
00:10:54 It's a complete breakdown of the cylinder,
00:10:59 These bolts all shot,
00:11:02 And all this paint that's been here forever
00:11:07 And it happened on that one as well,
00:11:10 (Jim) Yeah, right, I mean, we're in the
00:11:13 That's what it sounds like to me,
00:11:15 How you gonna get that fixed up?
00:11:18 Call A-frames"R"Us? You know,
00:11:22 Thousand miles from shore?
00:11:25 We don't have to move on it immediately,
00:11:27 but it's at least something
00:11:33 Well, I mean,
00:11:35 and we don't have an alternate way
00:11:40 the expedition's over,
00:11:43 (Jim) If you are going to explore,
00:11:45 that on the one hand there's risk.
00:11:48 thinking about every single factor
00:11:51 and making sure that
00:11:53 'Cause if you can eliminate
00:11:56 you've eliminated nine-tenths
00:11:59 That way, when that last one-tenth
00:12:04 you don't have to worry about all the
00:12:07 Look, to be completely serious, your idea
00:12:12 is the best idea I've heard
00:12:15 Just cut the side right out of the ship,
00:12:16 I say we go clear that
00:12:19 OK, Well, plan B,
00:12:47 All right,
00:12:49 but I don't think
00:12:52 I mean, people have been up
00:13:05 (JD) It became apparent that
00:13:09 was to use the main crane and by sliding
00:13:14 With a crane that is 30, 40, 50 feet above
00:13:21 once an object starts to swing,
00:13:26 It's called the wrecking-ball effect.
00:13:28 Once it gets away from you,
00:13:34 I'm guessing we've got six to eight feet of
00:13:39 (JD) It ultimately resulted
00:13:42 on what he thought the best way
00:13:45 This eye feeds into that,,,
00:13:47 (man) So we spent a long time
00:13:51 as well as eight different points
00:13:55 to stop it from swaying.
00:14:00 We would practice all night long.
00:14:03 At dawn the following day, we were ready
00:14:06 We spent the past 24 hours rebuilding
00:14:10 which required us to cut this wall out, rerig
00:14:17 We've got about
00:14:20 Every single point
00:14:23 Any single point fails, anything,
00:14:25 from the blue winch
00:14:28 not only do we lose the sub, but we risk the
00:14:33 I'm looking at every pulley
00:14:41 Keldysh, be advised,
00:14:44 Deck crew, be advised we have 15
00:14:48 - Paul?
00:14:50 MIR One's going into
00:14:54 Let's see the crane, guys,
00:15:20 - Oh, yes,
00:15:23 Bye-bye,
00:15:26 Tim, Straps off,
00:15:35 (man) Keep going, keep going, keep
00:16:02 (man on radio) DP control to "Keldysh."
00:16:07 (Jim) Say goodbye to the surface world,
00:16:13 I love this part,
00:16:16 (Jim) Everything is a go,
00:16:18 SO, SO, Rover One,
00:16:21 (man) Go ahead, Rover One.
00:16:22 (Jim) We are about to start
00:16:27 (diver Camera looks clear,
00:16:29 OK, here we go,
00:16:32 - (Jim on radio) Venting. Go, go, go.
00:16:36 Venting now,
00:16:40 (Jim) All right,
00:16:54 (woman) The descent to Lost City
00:16:58 which is plenty of time
00:17:04 My name is Loretta Hidalgo,
00:17:07 Copy that, Rover One, This is Rover Two,
00:17:11 (Loretta) My goal is to one day
00:17:19 - (Loretta) That is the bomb, Yeah!
00:17:24 Surface, this is Rover Two, We are
00:17:32 God, these structures are gorgeous,
00:17:35 OK, there's the rendezvous point,
00:17:41 (Loretta on radio) MIR Two, MIR Two,
00:17:48 MIR Two, MIR Two,
00:17:52 (Mike) That's affirmative, Rover Two.
00:18:00 (Loretta) We were doing something
00:18:04 This was the first time that four deep
00:18:09 The water pressure that you get
00:18:14 If you've ever carried a bucket of water,
00:18:17 Now imagine being under
00:18:20 And all that weight
00:18:23 are all pressing down on you
00:18:27 Definitely not something
00:18:30 OK, Loretta, can you relay to Mike
00:18:35 Copy,
00:18:37 MIR Two, MIR Two,
00:18:42 Uh, roger that,
00:18:46 - OK, There it is,
00:18:48 There's Jake,
00:18:50 Can you see his tether spinning out?
00:18:53 It's like a spider spinning its web,
00:19:01 I'm just gonna pull a little tether
00:19:05 and then I'll yaw back to the right,
00:19:08 (Loretta) We were really
00:19:10 of being out in
00:19:14 I had this incredible experience of feeling
00:19:19 Hi, 'bot!
00:19:21 That I was on a space mission, and
00:19:27 coming up to work with us.
00:19:31 Hi, Mike,
00:19:36 - Affirmative,
00:19:48 Push in a tiny bit in here,
00:19:57 (Dijanna) Oh, wow,
00:20:00 (Mike) Yeah, Beautiful,
00:20:02 OK, Mike, If you come right
00:20:08 you'll come to a big fan right on
00:20:11 (Loretta) Copy that.
00:20:16 (Dijanna) Oh, this is gorgeous,
00:20:19 - (Mike) Are you liking this?
00:20:25 OK, I'm gonna have to come up a little bit,
00:20:29 I've encountered a little
00:20:34 (Dijanna) Oh, my gosh!
00:20:36 (Mike) Hello, Mr, Big,
00:20:39 (Dijanna) He's like,
00:20:43 Oh! Oh, my God,
00:20:49 Wow,
00:20:55 Wow,
00:21:01 (Dijanna) Kevin Hand
00:21:03 And he's a brilliant guy.
00:21:06 Really.
00:21:08 That's one of the interesting things
00:21:11 is that you can ask
00:21:14 Could life have originated on Europa?
00:21:17 (Dijanna) Astrobiology is
00:21:20 But since Kevin doesn't have any real
00:21:25 he's out here doing
00:21:28 Looking at life in the extreme conditions
00:21:34 He's a theory guy
00:21:37 let alone inside a submersible
00:21:41 Here we go,
00:22:04 (man) Rover Two, MIR Two copies you
00:22:10 (radio chatter
00:22:22 (Kevin) Yeah, it looks like
00:22:29 MIR Two is right above us,
00:22:33 Very few people get to see
00:22:37 That is fantastic,
00:22:46 The scale of these things
00:22:52 It's just amazing,
00:22:56 We've got this huge,
00:23:00 Unbelievable,
00:23:03 (Jim on radio) Copy that.
00:23:11 It's just the hot water just flowing up
00:23:15 Upside-down stalactites are slowly
00:23:23 (Kevin) So what's interesting
00:23:25 is that you don't necessarily
00:23:28 You need some means for the water
00:23:34 And then you get
00:23:37 which produces the heat that drives
00:23:42 It's absolutely phenomenal,
00:23:44 (Jim on radio) Do you want to go ahead
00:23:48 (Kevin) Roger that,
00:24:12 - (Mike) There's warm water up here,
00:24:19 The vent fluid is just
00:24:26 Wow, This is just amazing,
00:24:29 Our technology is just
00:24:31 where we can safely explore
00:24:35 - (Mike) Kinda friable,
00:24:39 OK,
00:24:42 Yeah! Look at that,
00:24:45 - We got a rock,
00:24:54 (Mike) Rover One, Rover One,
00:24:57 - Oh, my goodness, look at that!
00:24:59 Holy cow,
00:25:00 - (Mike) OK, stop it, stop it, stop it,
00:25:03 (Kevin) Look at that thing,
00:25:07 (Jim) See if you can
00:25:09 (Mike) Roger that,
00:25:11 (Kevin) Oh, my goodness,
00:25:17 Oh, man, look at this thing,
00:25:20 Look at this thing,
00:25:31 (Kevin) How can something
00:25:35 How does a creature like this work?
00:25:41 Beautiful,
00:25:44 Absolutely beautiful,
00:25:48 See the reticulation inside this thing?
00:25:51 That is amazing,
00:25:56 (Jim) I have no idea what that is,
00:26:00 - No,
00:26:02 Every single dive, you're gonna see
00:26:07 And you might even see something
00:26:36 (Jim) Are you seeing this thing?
00:26:38 This is, like,
00:26:47 Oh, he's got feet! Look, he's got feet,
00:26:58 (Jim) The thing about deep diving is you
00:27:09 (Kevin) Oh, my God,
00:27:12 Oh, it's massive,
00:27:15 Look, look, look,
00:27:18 See it?
00:27:20 Absolutely fantastic,
00:28:23 Look at that fish,
00:28:50 All right, we got us a Dumbo,
00:28:59 What a beautiful animal,
00:29:04 Like a dancer,
00:29:14 What an amazing creature,
00:29:31 God, you could watch this guy all day,
00:29:34 Almost looks like
00:29:58 (Jim) MIR One, MIR One,
00:30:02 (distorted MIR One, MIR One,
00:30:07 MIR One, MIR One,
00:30:11 (Mike) It's intermittent, Jim,
00:30:17 (Jim) Uh, roger, Mike,
00:30:20 We're seriously low on power
00:30:24 I cannot get ahold of Vince,
00:30:27 We must go up,
00:30:31 Genya, We must go up,
00:30:35 Oh, he's trying to say something,
00:30:39 He's trying to say,,,
00:30:41 I can't see him,
00:30:43 Can you call surface?
00:30:45 He's saying, "Up and over"?
00:30:47 We need you to contact the surface
00:30:58 (Mike) Can't read it, Zoom in,
00:31:05 (Mike) "Contact surface, must surface,"
00:31:12 (Mike) Ares surface comm,
00:31:16 at X minus 244, Y minus 25,
00:31:23 depth 741 meters,
00:32:15 - (man) So, how was it, Jim?
00:32:21 Ah, that thing is phenomenal,
00:32:26 - What did you see down there?
00:32:30 There was a huge, um,,,
00:32:36 Some type of gelatinous,,,
00:32:38 Massive, Like, a meter,
00:32:40 We think that it was feeding
00:32:43 off the amphipods and the plankton
00:32:49 - Hanging out at the lights?
00:32:51 - How's it work?
00:32:54 - But it's there, So it's working somehow,
00:32:57 - Life's pretty cool,
00:33:00 - Welcome back, Kevin,
00:33:04 - Team Rover,
00:33:06 (cheering)
00:33:13 My name is Maya Tolstoy,
00:33:15 at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory.
00:33:20 I study underwater volcanoes,
00:33:22 and particularly I study the earthquakes
00:33:26 And I'm trying to understand
00:33:30 how the surface of
00:33:34 I'm going to be deploying
00:33:39 Those are instruments
00:33:41 and other noises on the ocean floor.
00:33:48 In the ocean,
00:33:52 And so sound allows you
00:33:56 and to see into the ocean crust, the way
00:34:07 We put the instruments over the side of
00:34:14 Normally, I don't have to dive
00:34:19 So it was very exciting
00:34:22 that I've been working on
00:34:24 (Maya) MIR two, copy,
00:34:26 (man on radio) We have a visual on you.
00:34:29 Roger that,
00:34:33 - (Kevin) Can you see them?
00:34:36 It looks like a spaceship,
00:34:42 Wow,
00:34:44 That's incredible,
00:34:52 (Maya) It's such
00:34:55 and it's so important
00:34:57 It's where two thirds
00:35:01 and we still know so little about it.
00:35:05 Do you see how
00:35:08 - (Kevin) Oh, yeah, Look at that,
00:35:11 That's just, like, it really turns
00:35:16 (Kevin) Look at that,
00:35:17 (Maya) And you see how there's
00:35:20 That's when it's really fresh,
00:35:25 (Kevin) Wow,
00:35:26 Now, can you just imagine
00:35:30 Molten rock oozing out
00:35:34 I just can't imagine it,
00:35:37 (Kevin) Must look pretty cool,
00:35:39 For the few seconds before you die,
00:35:51 (Maya) I miss my son.
00:35:53 He's five months old.
00:35:56 It was such a hard decision
00:36:00 But I think it's important to study
00:36:05 we've ever discovered
00:36:12 MIR Two, just keep going
00:36:15 The chimneys should be
00:36:19 Roger that,
00:36:33 (Maya) Wow,
00:36:35 There it is,
00:36:58 (Maya) All around our world,
00:37:00 running down the middle of the oceans
00:37:03 are these cracks,
00:37:07 where the crust of the planet
00:37:12 Up above,
00:37:19 But two miles down,
00:37:22 where fresh lava flows
00:37:30 When the sea water seeps down to the
00:37:34 it gets superheated,
00:37:37 But it can't boil, because of the intense
00:37:41 So it comes roaring up
00:37:45 When the superheated water hits the
00:37:50 forming the chimneys,
00:38:22 When you see black smoke,
00:38:24 is a blowtorch of
00:38:32 Uh, we're getting in position
00:38:35 from the top
00:38:37 (Jim on radio) Yeah, roger that.
00:38:44 OK, let's get in as close as we can
00:38:49 (Maya) These chimneys
00:38:53 and that's hot enough to melt
00:38:57 That's a bad thing.
00:38:59 Mental note: Don't melt
00:39:06 (Maya) Guys, we're getting really close
00:39:08 - Close enough?
00:39:12 Uh, well, we're starting
00:39:17 (Maya) Right underneath the sub,
00:39:18 (Jim) Genya, move back.
00:39:20 (Genya) OK, I start to move back,
00:39:30 (Mike on radio) That's normal.
00:39:34 We were right on top of it,
00:39:48 That's pretty cool, Kevin,
00:39:50 (Dijanna) The geology's fascinating.
00:39:57 (Dijanna) Keldysh, Keldysh, MIR Two,
00:40:00 Depth 3526 meters,
00:40:04 And we are at the top
00:40:11 (Dijanna) These sites were
00:40:15 And they weren't looking for life.
00:40:19 But it wasn't until
00:40:22 and went down to the bottom
00:40:27 It was like, "Oh, my God.
00:40:33 It's an entire ecosystem.
00:40:38 Wow, That's awesome,
00:40:44 (Dijanna on radio) Copy that. That's what
00:40:48 - (Dijanna) Look at all that hot water,
00:40:58 Oh, man, Check this out,
00:41:01 It's like liquid fire,
00:41:07 They are really tickling
00:41:12 (Dijanna) The science community
00:41:16 How could these animals
00:41:19 at these pressures,
00:41:23 from freezing to beyond boiling
00:41:30 How could there be a whole ecosystem
00:41:37 And not just living,
00:41:44 (Jim) Unbelievable,
00:41:46 This is the most insane
00:41:51 (Dijanna) Wow,
00:41:53 - Holy pancakes, Batman,
00:42:03 And they're right there in the flow,
00:42:09 (Jim) Oh, look at 'em swarming,
00:42:12 (Dijanna) Oh, yeah,
00:42:15 (Dijanna) The vents
00:42:19 It was coming from chemicals
00:42:22 coming from inside the Earth itself.
00:42:25 Not photosynthesis,
00:42:32 It was a whole new basis for life,
00:42:37 only water and heat.
00:42:41 (Jim) That party's been going on down
00:42:45 and it's gonna be going on
00:42:47 They're just doing their thing,
00:42:50 the sun could go out tomorrow and they
00:42:57 (Kevin) Exploring and discovering
00:43:01 which may not depend
00:43:06 opens up all sorts
00:43:09 when we think about
00:43:15 Wherever we've found liquid water
00:43:20 That's pretty profound.
00:43:24 If we find liquid water elsewhere in
00:43:30 We won't know
00:43:42 In fact, NASA is planning a mission
00:43:47 AKA JIMO.
00:43:49 At 120 feet long
00:43:51 than any planetary probe
00:43:53 and its nuclear reactor will power
00:44:07 The main goal of JIMO
00:44:09 to look down through the ice
00:44:13 First, it will study Callisto,
00:44:17 And these are bizarre moons,
00:44:22 Callisto and Ganymede
00:44:26 that may hide oceans
00:44:32 Further in is Io,
00:44:40 Io's eccentric orbit causes it
00:44:45 This intense tidal pumping
00:44:48 generating friction at the core
00:44:52 and this heat drives the solar system's
00:45:00 There are constant eruptions,
00:45:02 and volcanic plumes shooting
00:45:19 But the gem of the Jovian system, at least
00:45:24 is Europa.
00:45:26 It's here where fire and ice
00:45:32 The scientific community
00:45:35 that beneath the icy, chaotic shell of
00:45:41 with twice the volume
00:45:46 So tidal heating is working here too,
00:45:51 And possibly providing
00:45:55 The same kind of life that we're finding
00:46:09 (Jim) You see all that out there,
00:46:13 That's just a huge
00:46:18 This is just acres and acres
00:46:23 Look at that, This could be like
00:46:27 (Jim) Yeah, couple of billion years ago,
00:46:30 (Kevin) Hydrothermal vents
00:46:33 since the oceans were formed.
00:46:36 It may have been sites like these
00:46:43 (Kevin) If we can just sort of
00:46:46 maybe a little bit of
00:46:49 Excellent,
00:46:50 Nice sample,
00:46:53 You can see all the stringy
00:46:59 (Kevin) Extremophiles are simply
00:47:03 of temperature and pressure
00:47:07 environments that to us are deadly.
00:47:12 These microbes go far beyond anything
00:47:18 back when we first started studying
00:47:23 Now, if we find anything on Europa,
00:00:08 So I think if we're gonna try to get
00:00:11 we've certainly gotta look
00:00:14 It's the only sample
00:00:16 (Jim) Pan Conrad. She was
00:00:20 She comes from
00:00:22 and she's one of those valuable people
00:00:29 So you know when you were little, and you
00:00:33 That was this,
00:00:37 How cool is this?
00:00:54 (Jim) Tolya, just see
00:00:57 (Tolya) Absolutely,
00:01:00 It's just like the Mushroom Planet,
00:01:11 (Jim) Ah, that's gorgeous,
00:01:21 That's the hot water
00:01:25 (Pam) That is very cool,
00:01:29 See the bacteria growing right along
00:01:32 (Pam) I see it,
00:01:34 (Jim) It's all bacterial mats on top,
00:01:39 (Pam) Certain molecules
00:01:42 will glow when they're hit
00:01:46 (Jim) Is that a good place
00:01:48 (Pam) I think this is a great place
00:01:53 (Pam) We designed
00:01:56 that we could point it
00:01:58 "Aha! There's evidence
00:02:03 Lights out,
00:02:06 OK, I'm going to start
00:02:10 Go,
00:02:11 OK, Lasers firing,
00:02:14 We got a lot of signal here,
00:02:16 Whoo, this is good, We've got,
00:02:20 (in German accent
00:02:23 There's definitely organic stuff there,
00:02:28 (Pam) It's so important
00:02:30 about extreme environments
00:02:32 before you go out
00:02:40 (man speaks Russian on radio)
00:02:44 (woman) MIR Two, do you copy?
00:02:48 Go for it, Ares.
00:02:49 My name is Kelly Snook.
00:02:54 Copy that,
00:02:55 I study the process of exploration.
00:02:59 Rover Two and MIR Two,,,
00:03:03 What I do in my day-to-day work
00:03:05 is learn how to use the Earth as a training
00:03:13 So here
00:03:16 (Jim) Baboom! You did it,
00:03:18 - It's in the basket,
00:03:21 Slam dunk from the center line,
00:03:26 These, I thought these were bacterial,
00:03:30 (Kelly) Most people were on a ship,
00:03:33 studying the hydrothermal vents
00:03:37 I was on Mars.
00:03:38 And the people that were
00:03:41 they were out on
00:03:49 Everything that we do in the ocean is ten
00:03:53 and you go in thinking
00:03:56 - So I don't see Mars surface ops,,,
00:03:59 ,,,being any different,
00:04:00 Yeah, hopefully we'll have time in that day
00:04:04 and the way we're interacting,,,
00:04:06 (Kelly) My team included
00:04:09 from NASA Johnson Space Center,
00:04:11 and astrobiologist Tori Hoehler
00:04:18 We worked together to explore ways
00:04:23 can improve the science and discoveries
00:04:30 This combination
00:04:33 especially in an environment
00:04:37 it's very similar to space exploration.
00:04:41 The submersible is like
00:04:44 and so we were using this as an
00:04:50 Go ahead, Roberto,
00:04:52 (man on radio) If you can find any
00:04:57 Uh, I guess that depends on how we're
00:05:02 (Kelly) I would talk to
00:05:05 and I would get their requests
00:05:09 and I would process the rocks
00:05:13 I think it's probably
00:05:15 I think the white stuff is most likely,
00:05:21 (Kelly) Analogs like this
00:05:23 how we'll do scientific exploration
00:05:31 Will we need manipulators,
00:05:36 And how will we handle
00:05:39 that no doubt we will have
00:05:43 Whatever you just switched off
00:05:46 Right,
00:05:47 Rover One and MIR One,
00:05:49 be advised we have lost
00:05:55 Uh, we've lost AC
00:05:59 so we're probably
00:06:03 (Kelly) Every event here,
00:06:05 generates data
00:06:11 Much of what I study is
00:06:15 that allows them
00:06:18 Some of the technology
00:06:20 but in space and at the bottom
00:06:26 Yes!
00:06:27 Oh,,,
00:06:31 Is it gonna go? No!
00:06:32 Ay,,,
00:06:36 - (Jim) You can't rotate the scoop more?
00:06:39 (Jim) You can put it in,
00:06:41 - Can you rotate the scoop?
00:06:43 - It's in?
00:06:46 Yeah? OK, good, All right, you got it,
00:06:50 (Kelly) The better we can integrate
00:06:54 into our human exploration systems,
00:06:56 the more effectively we'll be able
00:07:01 - I feel like I'm in a spacecraft,
00:07:03 - I said, I feel like I'm in a spacecraft,
00:07:06 - That's right,
00:07:07 - Inner space,
00:07:12 to explore this planet,
00:07:16 (Kelly) The experience of human beings
00:07:21 is what we're most interested in.
00:07:26 It's Marge,
00:07:32 (Kelly) It's not only
00:07:34 but the communications
00:07:38 because the scientist is
00:07:41 and what we're trying to study.
00:07:43 (Jim on radio) OK, guys, what I'd like you
00:07:47 when you've had a look at that, 'cause
00:07:50 (Mike) And the current
00:07:53 That's OK,
00:08:00 - (Loretta) What's that fish?
00:08:06 (Jim) If you want to take a sample
00:08:09 down here at the bottom,
00:08:11 (Kelly) It's a very
00:08:14 to pick up a rock
00:08:16 and put it into
00:08:18 That's really at the core
00:08:20 How are humans going to do these small,
00:08:25 Whoa, we got currents,
00:08:29 (Jim on radio) It's got it.
00:08:34 Oh! Hang onto it, baby,
00:08:37 All right, you got it,
00:08:40 OK, try to get it over to the carousel,
00:08:42 (Kelly) Well, a task
00:08:44 a couple of minutes on Earth
00:08:49 Every step is a new challenge.
00:08:52 (Jim) Now translate right just a little bit.
00:08:59 (Kelly) We can't send 150 people to Mars
00:09:11 These few people will be responsible
00:09:14 for all the science
00:09:17 Kind of like proxies for
00:09:20 interested in the mission.
00:09:25 Mars is the obvious first place
00:09:28 because there's evidence
00:09:31 share a similar history
00:09:35 And one of the most important key
00:09:42 Now, the Mars you see today
00:09:48 But if you set the way-back machine,
00:09:54 If you could imagine
00:09:57 and there was an impact great enough...
00:10:08 based on what we know now
00:10:11 we think that life could survive
00:10:17 It's possible that life
00:10:26 We might all be Martians. We might all
00:10:34 All right, Put up your hand if you would
00:10:39 - (Pam) I'm going,
00:10:42 How would you talk your husband
00:10:47 Say, "All right, honey, Now,
00:10:50 "And I'm gonna write every day,
00:10:54 Whoa,
00:10:57 It's funny, 'cause when you asked me
00:11:00 I raised my hand without even thinking
00:11:07 My husband, my cat,
00:11:10 My cat,
00:11:14 That'd be hard,
00:11:17 'Cause I think all of us, we're all human
00:11:21 and if somebody that we love
00:11:24 and represent humanity and explore,
00:11:33 (Loretta) When you've been
00:11:36 it's very easy to pretend
00:11:42 You're far away
00:11:45 in a small environment
00:11:48 who are there for the same
00:11:52 They're there to explore,
00:12:00 The Russians are very resourceful.
00:12:02 They were showing us
00:12:04 and they have a tool that can sample
00:12:08 Some of the things are really clever.
00:12:11 Or as simple as the Nikolai pot,
00:12:13 which is basically a pot
00:12:21 It's something that
00:12:24 You know, we get to be in their culture,
00:12:27 and how they do operations.
00:12:29 It's an incredible environment
00:12:34 I love it because of
00:12:37 Victor,
00:12:39 Obed?
00:12:42 Your,,, Your lunch?
00:12:44 - Yeah,
00:12:47 Yeah? Yay!
00:12:48 (Loretta) This expedition
00:12:51 OK, all right,
00:12:53 The idea of doing something
00:12:56 and how people can come together
00:13:00 Poyehaly.
00:13:02 The way they communicate
00:13:05 No, forward,
00:13:06 (speaks Russian)
00:13:10 (Victor Hasta la vista, baby,
00:13:16 Victor's been practicing,
00:13:19 Vitka, khorosho, khorosho.
00:13:22 (laughter
00:13:24 (Loretta) One of the things
00:13:26 is the way that
00:13:29 Vosem-pyaty.
00:13:30 I mean,
00:13:32 because I always wanted to work
00:13:36 And the "Keldysh" is a great analog for,
00:13:42 And I understood what
00:13:46 when they say that the technicians
00:13:49 are the real heroes,
00:13:53 This expedition
00:13:57 (man) Engines start.
00:14:04 (Dijanna) While we were out at sea,
00:14:06 were already on their way to Mars.
00:14:10 "Spirit" got there first, blazing into the thin
00:14:21 "Opportunity" arrived
00:14:25 Landing for both
00:14:30 (man on radio) Current altitude
00:14:33 Awaiting confirmation.
00:14:35 We're moving at a speed of 173 miles per
00:14:40 Cleaner separation of end
00:14:57 No signal at the moment.
00:14:58 Deep-space network tracking stations at
00:15:06 (man on PA) We're on Mars, everybody.
00:15:09 (cheering)
00:15:17 (Dijanna) Equipped with
00:15:20 and a Swiss army knife's
00:15:22 and chemical science instruments,
00:15:24 the mission of
00:15:27 Find evidence of water in Mars' past,
00:15:30 when conditions
00:15:40 You can learn a lot from a rock,
00:15:45 And you know where to look.
00:15:50 Of the two rovers,
00:15:55 The ancient bedrock
00:15:58 an iron-bearing mineral that usually
00:16:03 Then scientists detected jarosite,
00:16:05 a mineral that suggests the rocks may
00:16:09 or in a hot springs environment,
00:16:18 Other clues included
00:16:21 where salt crystals
00:16:24 and rippled sediment patterns,
00:16:26 hinting at the presence of free-flowing
00:16:33 And then there were the "blueberries."
00:16:37 eroded out of the rocks
00:16:40 On Earth, spheres like this form
00:16:46 Both "Spirit" and "Opportunity" helped
00:16:51 but they were not equipped
00:16:55 That job fell to
00:16:58 which detected what is believed
00:17:02 just a few feet below the surface, with
00:17:10 In 2008, "Phoenix" will rise
00:17:15 and, using many of that
00:17:18 will land near the Martian north pole.
00:17:23 And, for the first time ever,
00:17:26 a Martian probe will do more
00:17:32 "Phoenix" will dig deep
00:17:35 and sample Martian water
00:17:41 Everything we learn about Mars
00:17:45 There's evidence of past water,
00:17:48 the chemistry checks out.
00:17:50 All the ingredients for life are there.
00:17:56 Of course, that's not the only way
00:18:00 - Look at this, he's computer coordinated,
00:18:02 It says, "SETI Institute"
00:18:07 - It's a little over the top,
00:18:09 - You're putting the message out there,
00:18:13 (Kevin) One of the groups
00:18:15 is the Search for Extraterrestrial
00:18:19 And what the SETI Institute does
00:18:24 from distant civilizations
00:18:28 To do this, Frank Drake,
00:18:33 wrote down just a set of factors
00:18:36 And it includes factors such as the fraction
00:18:42 the fraction of habitable planets
00:18:48 and the fraction of life
00:18:55 and eventually to becoming
00:18:59 that can communicate with
00:19:03 (alien "speaks"
00:19:09 The last factor is the lifetime of the
00:19:15 At the same time
00:19:19 to communicate
00:19:22 we also develop the technology
00:19:26 And if that's standard
00:19:32 we're not going to have much luck
00:19:36 (alien "speaks"
00:19:37 (Jim) Let's say that my
00:19:41 says that life was possible on any planet,
00:19:44 or not even anywhere near a sun,
00:19:48 like a moon of Jupiter or whatever,
00:19:52 And had some kind of tidal pumping
00:19:56 so that it had a liquid core
00:19:59 and it was making heat like these
00:20:03 If we said there were maybe ten or twenty
00:20:08 isn't it logical to assume that when we get
00:20:13 when SETI Institute
00:20:16 it's gonna be coming from somebody
00:20:20 and set their transmitter
00:20:22 Statistically, isn't that indicated
00:20:26 There's a flaw in that statement,
00:20:30 We have no idea
00:20:33 We got one liquid water planet
00:20:36 and we've already identified
00:20:40 - that are ice-covered and far from the sun,
00:20:44 Based on our own immediate experience,
00:20:47 Sure, sure,
00:20:50 - We don't, but we gotta go look,
00:20:56 (Kevin) We may find that
00:20:59 are where the bulk
00:21:04 And, in fact,
00:21:08 Who knows?
00:21:10 But it is really interesting
00:21:15 in an icy world system.
00:21:18 Would you evolve to intelligence?
00:21:20 Would you wonder about
00:21:29 Our primary focus at this site
00:21:32 OK, And you need mussels and crabs, and
00:21:35 We're gonna do crab traps,
00:21:37 So we're hoping that whatever we fix
00:21:41 Now, do you care
00:21:43 Preferably where there's crabs,
00:21:48 (Dijanna on radio) Yes, we're currently at
00:21:53 Y coordinates minus 76. Over.
00:21:58 (Dijanna) The story of the vents
00:22:02 This is it, right here,
00:22:04 Bottom of the food chain,
00:22:13 (Dijanna) The vent fluid
00:22:15 powering the whole
00:22:20 Some of the animals
00:22:23 some of them are preying
00:22:30 (Jim) It's kind of ethereal, huh?
00:22:34 Who would have thought
00:22:46 (Dijanna) The animals
00:22:48 but there's something else
00:22:51 It's symbiosis, a dance of life
00:22:57 Vent animals,
00:23:00 have formed
00:23:03 that can live off of
00:23:05 (Dijanna) Oh, we're near
00:23:07 Large mussel beds,
00:23:14 (Dijanna) I study the metabolic
00:23:17 of mussels and crabs
00:23:21 I'm focusing on their ability
00:23:25 large variations, in temperature.
00:23:32 The genus Bathymodiolus
00:23:34 is the scientific name
00:23:38 (Dijanna) We've got a mussel mound
00:23:41 I think this will be a perfect spot
00:23:44 - Yes,
00:23:47 I think these are mixed sizes,
00:23:50 - (Genya) We will take small and big also,
00:23:55 - Only small?
00:23:56 - OK,
00:24:00 - Yes,
00:24:01 All right,
00:24:07 (Dijanna) Keldysh, Keldysh, MIR One,
00:24:09 We have collected a full batch
00:24:14 X minus 487, Y minus 64,
00:24:22 Oh, yeah! Bingo, baby,
00:24:33 Looks like you got your crabs,
00:24:37 (Dijanna on radio) Yes. We got crabs.
00:24:44 You did it, you did it!
00:24:54 Bio box is closed,
00:24:58 (Dijanna on radio) We have crabbage.
00:25:23 - Wanna open that?
00:25:26 (Dijanna) My PhD advisor
00:25:29 He's been studying
00:25:31 since their discovery
00:25:35 And he has years of experience
00:25:38 in these extreme environments.
00:25:43 So the Childress lab
00:25:45 that's able to keep
00:25:48 in an environment similar
00:25:56 As fast as we can,
00:25:59 and bring them into our lab,
00:26:00 where we place them
00:26:06 We call this thing "the condo."
00:26:10 We put the animals in
00:26:13 we repressurize them up to
00:26:17 and we make sure that
00:26:21 that is optimal for their survival.
00:26:24 Then we pick some of the animals
00:26:28 and we transfer them
00:26:30 that's called
00:26:33 Now, this system
00:26:37 because here we can manipulate
00:26:40 and we look at
00:26:45 as we vary their environmental condition,
00:26:51 By looking at mussels,
00:26:54 about temperature adaptation,
00:26:58 when it comes to
00:27:02 Global warming is real.
00:27:04 It's putting our planet at risk,
00:27:09 I mean the whole food chain,
00:27:13 And at some point
00:27:19 (Dijanna) I think I got into the ocean
00:27:24 it's unknown.
00:27:26 It's not explored,
00:27:31 and I appreciate it,
00:27:35 (Kelly) Did you ever think
00:27:36 (Dijanna) Oh, God, no.
00:27:39 But I guess this is the path
00:27:43 which has led me on a path
00:27:47 And so now the question
00:27:49 has me taking submarines
00:28:19 (Jim) OK, let's, uh,,,
00:28:23 The dive will be Snake Pit,
00:28:25 The pilots will be Dr, Anatoly Sagalevitch,
00:28:33 We find a structure
00:28:35 So we'll land at the base and we'll just
00:28:42 ideally up all the way to a chimney,
00:28:45 There is not supposed to be
00:28:49 some shimmering water,
00:28:50 but I don't think the hot vents happen
00:28:54 The best way to visualize this stuff
00:28:57 that's like a blowtorch,
00:28:59 That's, you know,
00:29:11 OK, there's MIR One,
00:29:15 (Dijanna) They're coming up
00:29:17 (Jim on radio) You're about halfway
00:29:20 so if you just work your way
00:29:24 (Dijanna) Copy that.
00:29:34 (Jim) There's an antler-shaped stone
00:29:40 Roger that,
00:29:42 All right, This is, I think,
00:29:44 and I think I can get in
00:29:48 That's it,
00:29:50 - (Mike) Got it,
00:29:53 Copy that, We see it,
00:29:57 (Mike) These little shrimp are different,
00:30:00 (Dijanna) Yes, Juvenile and adults,
00:30:04 (Dijanna) The vent shrimp,
00:30:07 are grazing on the bacteria
00:30:11 - Are you seeing this crab?
00:30:15 Look at 'em, They're eating the bacteria
00:30:23 (Jim) Oh, he almost got that guy,
00:30:24 He's all covered with this bacteria,
00:30:27 He doesn't know it, he just thinks
00:30:32 It's like crab-fu here
00:30:36 - (MIke) The shrimp colony, There you go,
00:30:38 - Let's check that guy out,
00:30:44 - This is black smoke,
00:30:47 (Dijanna) I can't believe
00:30:50 Oops, Aah! It's hot,
00:30:53 OK, if it's not cooking them,
00:30:55 So I'm gonna move in a little closer,
00:30:58 Being bold,
00:31:06 - Now let's get out, Back out,
00:31:10 - What the heck?
00:31:12 - (Mike) They're attached to us,
00:31:14 - (Mike) They're on us,
00:31:16 (Jim) Lookit, the shrimp love him,
00:31:20 The shrimp are loving Jake,
00:31:22 Look at that, (laughs)
00:31:26 (Mike) Oh, wow, Oh, my goodness,
00:31:30 I just see shrimp,
00:31:35 (Dijanna) Yeah, looks like
00:31:37 some shrimp that are
00:31:41 Wow, That's amazing,
00:31:45 (Mike) I can get shrimp at Sizzler, This,,,
00:31:47 You can't get this shrimp at Sizzler,
00:32:02 (Dijanna) "Riftia," the giant tubeworms,
00:32:04 are hands down
00:32:08 and also the best example
00:32:14 I've got a little bit of
00:32:17 We should be OK,
00:32:23 (Dijanna) These animals
00:32:25 They literally can't eat.
00:32:30 They depend completely on
00:32:34 which produces their food.
00:32:38 (Mike) When you get in really close,
00:32:43 (Dijanna) Oh, wow,
00:32:54 You see that guy?
00:32:57 If you want to,
00:33:02 (Dijanna) On your mark,,,
00:33:07 - Oh, he might come to us,
00:33:11 - Oh!
00:33:15 (Jim) Crab got away,
00:33:18 Nice try, nice try,
00:33:23 (Dijanna) They're gorgeous underwater,
00:33:26 The long red plume is like a gill.
00:33:30 It takes in oxygen,
00:33:34 The worm's job
00:33:37 sucking in nutrients
00:33:42 And it's the bacteria's job to convert the
00:33:50 So the question is,
00:33:54 or does the worm
00:34:00 If these animals didn't exist,
00:34:06 It makes me wonder what else
00:34:13 You've got a cool job, Genya,
00:34:15 Thank you,
00:34:21 So the real question is, could you
00:34:27 Where would the oxygen
00:34:29 If the whole idea is they don't
00:34:33 it's just chemosynthesis,
00:34:36 - The oxygen in the water came from,,,
00:34:39 (Jim) Photosynthesis
00:34:41 It doesn't matter, however long
00:34:44 (Kevin) So the question becomes,
00:34:48 - (Jim) Ah, yeah, Yeah,
00:34:49 It may be for large animals, OK?
00:34:54 - But we want to see large animals,
00:34:56 We want to see large animals,
00:35:00 to go out into space and find a microbe,
00:35:02 Oh, come on, microbes are great,
00:35:05 But they're not good conversationalists,
00:35:09 Here, look, let me just go forward
00:35:13 What do you think
00:35:15 These guys have this
00:35:18 Yeah, they're living on the bacteria,
00:35:20 But I'm not gonna give
00:35:23 but I would give her
00:35:25 Look at these things,
00:35:27 (Kevin) So what Jim says is right.
00:35:29 O xygen is the afterburner that fuelled the
00:35:35 And even though chemosynthesis
00:35:39 many of the biological processes
00:35:43 and this oxygen is typically supplied from
00:35:50 So where might oxygen
00:35:54 Europa's orbit sits within Jupiter's
00:35:58 The intense radiation
00:36:02 into the Europan surface,
00:36:03 and has the potential
00:36:07 into things like hydrogen peroxide
00:36:11 Assuming those oxidants make their way
00:36:16 through cracks
00:36:19 they would represent an energy jackpot
00:36:25 And so this is where
00:36:28 come into play again.
00:36:30 We're trying to replicate the Europan
00:36:37 (Kevin) Now, these,
00:36:42 So let's prep this for the chamber,
00:36:45 - Maybe take a little piece off of here,
00:36:49 So this is Europa in a can,
00:36:53 This part down here
00:36:56 We've got liquid nitrogen coming in,
00:36:59 and basically replicate
00:37:03 Then, up here,
00:37:06 and what this does is replicate the radiation
00:37:12 this tremendously large
00:37:17 What would happen to life
00:37:24 We're taking microbes that we found
00:37:29 putting them into this environment,
00:37:31 and bombarding them, blasting them,
00:37:34 making sort of a chemical junkyard,
00:37:41 And this is sort of comparable to,
00:37:46 and you wander around the junkyard
00:37:50 and you know that at one point
00:37:54 When we send a spacecraft to Europa,
00:37:58 what are the chemical and molecular
00:38:02 Are we seeing that same
00:38:06 If we do, what does that imply
00:38:22 (Dijanna) Menez Gwen's
00:38:28 It's this really unique place because
00:38:34 and shimmering water everywhere.
00:38:42 - (Jim) Are we digging this place?
00:38:45 Big time,
00:38:54 (Jim) Really see the clear fluids,
00:38:57 So these are a little bit cooler, 'cause
00:39:04 (Jim) This site has
00:39:16 The cooler, clear vent fluid
00:39:21 So you wind up
00:39:25 Including some opportunistic predators.
00:39:35 (man speaks Russian on radio)
00:39:42 Oh, look at all that shimmering water
00:39:47 If we can collect a sample down there,
00:39:51 (Mike) MIR One, MIR One, MIR Two,
00:39:54 (Jim on radio) This is MIR One.
00:39:56 OK, Jim, we're ready now to launch Jake,
00:40:03 Here we go,
00:40:06 - Everything working OK?
00:40:11 (Kevin) So getting to work with Mike
00:40:15 because you can think about this thing
00:40:20 that may someday
00:40:23 OK, Mike, looking good, You should
00:40:26 right at the base of
00:40:32 - (Mike) Looks pretty hot though, Kevin,
00:40:35 That is just incredible,
00:40:38 OK, it looks like most of the fluid
00:40:41 Can we go in right there?
00:40:42 I will do the best I can,
00:40:45 We're in some kind of
00:40:55 We're in there now,
00:40:58 Be careful,
00:41:00 (Jim) Looks like
00:41:03 Think he's getting hit,
00:41:06 Mike, back up, back up, You got the top of
00:41:10 (Mike) Can you see if I'm in the hot water?
00:41:14 You really want to know?
00:41:16 Nice, Mike,
00:41:20 Stay calm, you got it,
00:41:23 (Mike) Yeah, I'm gonna
00:41:29 - (Kevin) Oh, yes!
00:41:33 Hey, we gotta just go cap this sample,
00:41:38 (Jim) Yeah, copy that, Congratulations,
00:41:41 (Kevin) Roger that,
00:41:45 Coming home,
00:41:47 - (Mike) Yeah,
00:41:48 (Mike) Jake took some hits,
00:41:51 (Kevin) Other than the damage here
00:41:55 Yeah, that was pretty fun,
00:41:59 (Loretta) Diving with Mike was great fun.
00:42:05 I didn't realize how much
00:42:08 All right, it needs to come up,
00:42:11 (Mike) The 'bot had to be small
00:42:15 It had to have
00:42:18 ,,,back to neutral and we're ready to go,
00:42:21 Inside the sub,
00:42:25 and that's all I have inside the sub.
00:42:32 The fiber is unique.
00:42:34 It allows us to send
00:42:38 That's how we talk to the vehicle.
00:42:44 And we can control
00:42:50 The 'bot creates
00:42:53 It actually allows us to feel
00:42:58 - All right, I'm gonna get a little bit closer,
00:43:02 (Mike) I never saw anything
00:43:04 Uh-oh, he sees us now,
00:43:07 (Loretta) He's going after you!
00:43:09 (Mike) Look, look, look,
00:43:11 He's putting his tentacles on the gripper,
00:43:14 Who's grabbing who?
00:43:19 It deliberately reached straight out
00:43:23 I've never had
00:43:25 with an animal that came right up
00:43:29 (Mike) It was an extraordinary encounter.
00:43:32 It was as though
00:43:35 As an underwater explorer,
00:43:37 that was probably one of the highlights
00:43:43 It's not hard to imagine
00:43:47 to explore oceans on another world.
00:43:49 So getting an idea
00:43:52 these extreme environments
00:43:55 could very well
00:44:06 A mission to explore
00:44:09 would be the ultimate
00:44:23 During the landing,
00:44:26 would pretty much
00:44:37 Europa is so far away,
00:44:40 it would take more than an hour
00:44:45 It's really on its own.
00:44:48 It has to be smart enough
00:44:51 and to find
00:45:14 Now we have to get through the ice.
00:45:17 You need a melt probe.
00:45:35 The ice could be anywhere
00:45:40 Week after week, the melt probe will sink
00:45:47 Until finally...
00:46:03 Now, what are you gonna do when
00:46:14 You need an AUV,
00:46:19 It needs to be one smart puppy,
00:46:21 able to navigate and make decisions
00:46:48 Europa has internal heat.
00:46:54 If it does,
00:47:13 (Jim) It will have
00:47:15 if we find life
00:47:23 But in order to find it,
00:47:30 And to go there,
00:47:35 Exploration is like a muscle. You have
00:47:41 And if water is
00:47:44 we need to take what we know
00:47:47 and apply it to space, giving scientists
00:47:52 to follow the water,
00:47:57 (Dijanna) Discovering life at the vents
00:48:01 than we can possibly imagine.
00:48:05 But I wonder,
00:48:07 if we were exploring
00:48:15 - All stop,
00:48:18 Hold it steady here,
00:48:20 (Dijanna) It might completely
00:48:25 Let's see what they do,
00:48:48 Right on,
00:48:52 Houston, "Endurance." We have arrived
00:48:57 and we have some new friends.
00:49:21 (Dijanna) Who knows what's out there?
00:49:24 So we have to go.